測試進程上下文切換時間

測試Context Switch time(進程上下文切換時間) 
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    創建兩個進程(實時進程)並在它們之間傳送一個令牌，如此往返傳送一定的次數。其中一個進程在讀取令牌時就會引起阻塞。另一個進程發送令牌後等待其返回時也處於阻塞狀態。發送令牌帶來的開銷與上下文切換帶來的開銷相比，可以忽略不計。 (利用管道傳遞令牌) 


測試程序(1) 使用gettimeofday()獲取當前時間 
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#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <sched.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>      //pipe()

int main()
{
    int x, i, fd[2], p[2];
    char send    = 's';
    char receive;
    pipe(fd);
    pipe(p);
    struct timeval tv;
    struct sched_param param;
    param.sched_priority = 0;

    while ((x = fork()) == -1);
    if (x==0) {
        sched_setscheduler(getpid(), SCHED_FIFO, &param);
        gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
        printf("Before Context Switch Time %u us\n", tv.tv_usec);
        for (i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
            read(fd[0], &receive, 1);
            write(p[1], &send, 1);
        }
        exit(0);
    }
    else {
        sched_setscheduler(getpid(), SCHED_FIFO, &param);
        for (i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
            write(fd[1], &send, 1);
            read(p[0], &receive, 1);
        }
        gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
        printf("After Context SWitch Time %u us\n", tv.tv_usec);
    }
    return 0;
}

測試結果(進程切換時間不超過5us) 
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Before Context Switch Time 617087 us 
After Context SWitch Time 702420 us 

702420us - 617087us = 85333 us 
85333us / 20000    = 4.26665 us 

進程切換時間爲4.26665 us 

注： cpu MHz         : 2801.042 






測試程序(2) 使用rdtsc()獲取當前時間 
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#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sched.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>

long long rdtsc()
{
    __asm("rdtsc");
}

int main()
{
    int x, i, fd[2], p[2];
    char send    = 's';
    char receive;
    pipe(fd);
    pipe(p);
    struct sched_param param;
    param.sched_priority = 0;

    while ((x = fork()) == -1);
    if (x==0) {
        sched_setscheduler(getpid(), SCHED_FIFO, &param);
        printf("Before Context Switch Time %lld\n", rdtsc());
        for (i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
            read(fd[0], &receive, 1);
            write(p[1], &send, 1);
        }
        exit(0);
    }
    else {
        sched_setscheduler(getpid(), SCHED_FIFO, &param);
        for (i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
            write(fd[1], &send, 1);
            read(p[0], &receive, 1);
        }
        printf("After Context Switch Time %lld\n", rdtsc());
    }
    return 0;
}

測試結果(進程切換時間不超過5us) 
-------------------------------------------------- 
Before Context Switch Time 16208184381648 
After Context Switch Time 16208424333213 

16208424333213 - 16208184381648 = 239951565(clock cycle) 
239951565      * 0.357009998 ns = 85665107.74074687 ns 
85665107.74074687 ns / 20000    = 4283.255387037 ns = 4.283255387037 us 






注： cpu MHz         : 2801.042 
--------------------------------------------- 
2 801 042 000Hz 
clock cycle = 1 000 000 000 ns / 2 801 042 000 = 0.357009998ns 

查看CPU性能參數 
cat /proc/cpuinfo 








測試程序(3) 可直接獲得進程上下文切換時間 
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#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>        //drand48()
#include <sched.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/time.h>      //gettimeofday()
#include <time.h>


typedef unsigned long long u64;
double clockCycleTimeS,clockRateHZ;

/* 獲取當前時間，返回秒 */
double second() {
    struct timeval tv;
    gettimeofday(&tv,0);
    return tv.tv_sec + 1e-6 * tv.tv_usec;
}

/* 獲取當前時間，返回clock cycle */
u64 rdtsc() {
    u64 tsc;
    __asm__ __volatile__("rdtsc" : "=A" (tsc));
    return tsc;
}

/* 睡眠us微秒 */
void selectsleep(unsigned us) {
    struct timeval tv;
    tv.tv_sec = 0;
    tv.tv_usec = us;
    select(0, 0, 0, 0, &tv);
}

/* 計算當前CPU的工作頻率 */
void calibrate() {
    double sumx = 0;
    double sumy = 0;
    double sumxx = 0;
    double sumxy = 0;
    double slope;
    const unsigned n = 30;
    unsigned i;

    for (i=0; i<n; i++) {
        double breal,real,ticks;
        u64 bticks;

        breal = second();
        bticks = rdtsc();
        selectsleep((unsigned)(10000 + drand48() * 200000));
        ticks = rdtsc() - bticks;
        real = second() - breal;

        sumx += real;
        sumxx += real * real;
        sumxy += real * ticks;
        sumy += ticks;
    }
    slope = ( (sumxy - (sumx*sumy) / n) /
              (sumxx - (sumx*sumx) / n) );
    clockRateHZ = slope;
    clockCycleTimeS = 1.0 / slope;
    printf("%3.3f MHz\n", clockRateHZ*1e-6);
}

int main()
{
    calibrate();

    int x, i, p1[2], p2[2], time[2];
    char send    = 's';
    char receive;
    u64 old_time;
    pipe(p1);
    pipe(p2);
    pipe(time);
    struct sched_param param;
    param.sched_priority = 0;

    while ((x = fork()) == -1);
    if (x==0)
    {
        sched_setscheduler(getpid(), SCHED_FIFO, &param);
        old_time = rdtsc();
        write(time[1], &old_time, sizeof(old_time));
        for (i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
            read(p1[0], &receive, 1);
            write(p2[1], &send, 1);
        }
        exit(0);
    }
    else
    {
        u64 new_time;
        sched_setscheduler(getpid(), SCHED_FIFO, &param);
        for (i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
            write(p1[1], &send, 1);
            read(p2[0], &receive, 1);
        }
        new_time = rdtsc();
        read(time[0], &old_time, sizeof(old_time));
        printf("Latency time = %3.3f us\n",
                1e6 * (new_time - old_time) * clockCycleTimeS / 20000);
    }
    return 0;
}

轉自：http://ocelot1985-163-com.iteye.com/blog/1029949#

測試結果(Linux-2.6.21 + RealTime Patch) 
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2801.226 MHz 
Latency time = 8.129 us