用NetBeans開發平臺開發J2ME遊戲實例講解(第四部分)


NetBeans開發平臺開發J2ME遊戲實例講解(第四部分)

 [email protected] 林剛 2005.07 轉載請註明出處作者

(3) 使用rms來記錄成績排行榜

    J2ME 記錄管理系統(RMS)提供了一種機制,通過這種機制,MIDlet 能夠持久存儲數據,並在以後檢索數據。我們在程序中就需要這樣的一個排行榜,

    這個排行榜在程序關閉以後仍然能夠記錄數據,rms正好滿足了這個要求,有關rms的信息,請參考:

    http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/java/j-wi-rms/index.html

    http://game.kongzhong.com/content/j2mecontent_730.html

   

    我們在程序中要實現排行榜的功能,需要做的事情有這樣幾件:

    A. 在選項菜單當中加入排行榜,這好辦, HuaRongDaoMielet.java中加入產生排行榜的代碼;

    B. 新建一個類,取名Score, 關於新建類的方法,上面的論述中有講述,我們需要的接口函數很簡單,getScore(), setScore()就可以了,注意這

       裏,rms是字節數組組成的記錄體系,因此我們如果要存儲整型量,就要有整形到byte[]以及byte[]到整型量的轉換,如下:

      

        /**

         * 數組到整數.

         */

        private int getInt(byte[] buf, int offset) {

                        return (buf[offset+0] & 0xff) << 24 |

                    (buf[offset+1] & 0xff) << 16 |

                    (buf[offset+2] & 0xff) << 8 |

                    (buf[offset+3] & 0xff);

        }

   

        /**

         * 整數到數組.

         */

        private void putInt(byte[] buf, int offset, int value) {

                               buf[offset+0] = (byte)((value >> 24) & 0xff);

                               buf[offset+1] = (byte)((value >> 16) & 0xff);

                               buf[offset+2] = (byte)((value >>  8) & 0xff);

                               buf[offset+3] = (byte)((value >>  0) & 0xff);

        }

       

        其中offsetbyte[]的偏移量,一個整型量用4個字節來表示。

        另外我們需要對rms存儲系統進行初始化,在構造函數當中引入open()函數,如下所示:

       

                  // 每關成績 = {int level,int moves;}

                  private byte[] scoreRec; // 當前關成績.

                  private static final int SCORE_LEN = 8;

             

                  private RecordStore store;             // 記錄存儲,沒有打開時爲空.

                 

         /*

          * 構造函數.

          */

         Score() {

                              store = null;

                              scoreRec = new byte[SCORE_LEN];

                              putInt(scoreRec, 0, 0);

                              putInt(scoreRec, 4, 0);

            open();

         }

    

         /**

          * 打開存儲記錄

          */

         boolean open() {

    

                              try {

                                  store = RecordStore.openRecordStore("HuaRongDaoScore", true);

                              } catch (RecordStoreException ex) {

                              }

                         

                              if (store == null)

                                  return false;

                              return true;

         }

                                  

                             可以看出,我們的每個記錄長度是8個字節,都是整型量,第一個是關,第二個是成績,最後的結構類似於:

                                       步數

                                  0        33

                                  1        98

                                  2        109

                                  3        77

                                  ...

                             最後,在這個類中最重要的兩個函數readScore()setScore() 分別負責讀取和設置某一關的成績。在這兩個函數當中,我們要注意在rms

                             中遍歷某個元素的方法,你需要自己設個標記TAG,來標記你的記錄,因爲rms不象數組一樣,可以按照下標來索引,rms的幾個函數包括

                             getRecord()

                             getRecordSize()

                             enumerateRecords()

                             addRecord()

                             setRecord()

                             等等都要知道是做什麼用的。

                             

                             /**

                             * 讀取某級別的成績.

                             */

                             public int readScore(int level) {

                                      try {

                                       // 查找成績

                                       RecordEnumeration enm = store.enumerateRecords(null, null, false);

                                       while (enm.hasNextElement()) {

                                           int ndx = enm.nextRecordId();

                                                if (store.getRecordSize(ndx) == SCORE_LEN) {

                                                    int l = store.getRecord(ndx, scoreRec, 0);

                                                    if (l == SCORE_LEN && getInt(scoreRec, 0) == level)

                                                return getInt(scoreRec, 4);

                                           }

                                       }

                   // 沒有這一關的成績,新建

                   putInt(scoreRec, 0, level);

                   putInt(scoreRec, 4, 0);

                   store.addRecord(scoreRec, 0, SCORE_LEN);

                   return 0;

                                       

                                                 } catch (RecordStoreException ex) {

                                                     ex.printStackTrace();

                                                     return -1;

                                                 }

                              }

                           

                              /**

                                 * 設置某級別的成績.

                                 */

                              boolean setScore(int level, int moves) {

                                       try {

                                           // 查找成績

                                           RecordEnumeration enm = store.enumerateRecords(null, null, false);

                                           while (enm.hasNextElement()) {

                                               int ndx = enm.nextRecordId();

                                             if (store.getRecordSize(ndx) == SCORE_LEN) {

                                                int l = store.getRecord(ndx, scoreRec, 0);

                                                if (l == SCORE_LEN && getInt(scoreRec, 0) == level)

                                                    //只存儲較小的值

                                                    if ( getInt(scoreRec,4) == 0 || getInt(scoreRec, 4) > moves){

                                                        putInt(scoreRec, 4, moves);

                                                        store.setRecord(ndx, scoreRec, 0, SCORE_LEN);

                                                    }

                                              }

                                          }

                                 // 沒有這一關的成績,新建

                                 putInt(scoreRec, 0, level);

                                 putInt(scoreRec, 4, moves);

                                 store.addRecord(scoreRec, 0, SCORE_LEN);

                                                 } catch (RecordStoreException ex) {

                                                     ex.printStackTrace();

                                                     return false;

                                                 }

                                                 return true;

                              }

               C. 最後要看看這個Score類怎樣使用,我們需要在主Midlet裏面初始化它,然後在ConrolLogic.java 設置成績。

                  首先,聲明這個類成員, 並且進行初始化:HuaRongDaoMidlet.java

                 

                            public class HuaRongDaoMidlet extends MIDlet implements CommandListener{

 

            ... ...

                                private Score score;

                               

                                /** The Form object for the Options command */

                                private Form optionsForm;

                                ... ...

                               

                                public void startApp() {

                                    score = new Score();

                                ... ...

                               

                               

                            在程序結束時關閉它,

                                ... ...

                                public void commandAction(Command c, Displayable d) {

                                    if ( c == CMD_EXIT && d == splash ){

                                        //退出

                                        score.close();

                                        destroyApp(false);

                                        notifyDestroyed();

                                ... ...

                            然後我們希望控制邏輯ControlLogic能夠使用這個Score的實例,因此我們把它作爲參數傳遞給ControlLogic.

                           

                                ... ...

                                                        }else if (c == CMD_START && d == splash) {

                                        // 開始新遊戲

                                        logic=new ControlLogic(levelChoice.getSelectedIndex()+1, score);

                                        display.setCurrent(logic);

                                        logic.addCommand(CMD_UNDO);

                                        logic.addCommand(CMD_EXIT);

                                        logic.setCommandListener(this);

                                ... ...

                               

                            最後,在ControlLogic.java當中我們可以開始使用Score類了:

                            先聲明 成員:

                                          ... ...

                                              public int moves=0;//所用的步數.

                                              private Score score;//排行榜

                                              private History history = new History();

                                          ... ...

                       在初始化時接受參數:

                           ... ...

                                public ControlLogic(int gameLevel, Score s) {//構造函數

                                    try {

                                        this.level = gameLevel;

                                        score = s;

                                        if ( score == null)

                                            score.open();

                                ... ...

                            最終我們在成績被刷新的地方設置成績。由於我們在Score類的setScore()函數中已經作了刷新成績判斷,這裏的調用就很簡單。

                                ... ...

                               protected void paint(Graphics g) {    

                               ... ...

                      //顯示步數

                      Draw.paint(g,String.valueOf(moves), 60, 15, Graphics.BASELINE | Graphics.HCENTER);

                      if ( win()) {

                          isWin=true;

                          Draw.paint(g,"你贏了!", 60, 70, Graphics.TOP | Graphics.HCENTER);

                          score.setScore(level-1, moves);

                      }

                   因爲我們的關數是1234...rms存儲的關數是0,1,2...因此這裏有一個 -1的操作。

   

    好了,至此我們的添加排行榜的工程就完成了,下面是HuaRongDaoMidlet.java至此的清單, 調試一下你的程序,看是不是專業了很多呢?

 

              package HuaRongDao;

              /*

               * HuaRongDaoMidlet.java

               *

               * Created on 200571, 下午8:18

               */

             

              import javax.microedition.midlet.*;

              import javax.microedition.lcdui.*;

              import java.io.IOException;

              import java.io.InputStream;

              import java.lang.InterruptedException;

             

             

              /**

               *

               * @author  lin

               * @version

               */

              public class HuaRongDaoMidlet extends MIDlet implements CommandListener{

                  private Display display;

                  private SplashScreen splash;

                  private ControlLogic logic;

                  private Score score;

                  

                  /** The Form object for the Options command */

                  private Form optionsForm;

                  /** Set of choices for the levels */

                  private ChoiceGroup levelChoice;

                  /** Set of lists for the topScores */

                  private String topScores;

                 

                  private final static Command CMD_EXIT = new Command("退出", Command.EXIT, 1);

                  private final static Command CMD_OK = new Command("確認", Command.OK, 1);

                  private final static Command CMD_OPTION = new Command("選項", Command.SCREEN, 1);

                  private final static Command CMD_START = new Command("開始", Command.SCREEN, 1);

                  private final static Command CMD_PAUSE = new Command("暫停", Command.SCREEN, 1);

                  private final static Command CMD_UNDO = new Command("上一步", Command.SCREEN, 1);

                 

                  public HuaRongDaoMidlet(){

                      display = Display.getDisplay(this);

                  }

                 

                  public void startApp() {

                      score = new Score();

                      splash=new SplashScreen();

             

                      splash.addCommand(CMD_START);

                      splash.addCommand(CMD_EXIT);

                      splash.addCommand(CMD_OPTION);

             

                      splash.setCommandListener(this);

                      display.setCurrent(splash);

                  }

                 

                  public void pauseApp() {

                  }

                 

                  public void destroyApp(boolean unconditional) {

                  }

             

                  public void commandAction(Command c, Displayable d) {

                      if ( c == CMD_EXIT && d == splash ){

                          //退出

                          score.close();

                          destroyApp(false);

                          notifyDestroyed();

                      }else if (c == CMD_EXIT && d == logic){

                          //從遊戲中返回

                          //if (logic.isWin)

                          logic = null;

                         display.setCurrent(splash);

                      }else if (c == CMD_OPTION){

                          //進入選項

                          updateOptions();

                          display.setCurrent(genOptions());

                      }else if (c == CMD_OK && d == optionsForm) {

                          // 從選項回到主界面

                         display.setCurrent(splash);

                     }else if (c == CMD_START && d == splash) {

                          // 開始新遊戲

                          logic=new ControlLogic(levelChoice.getSelectedIndex()+1, score);

                          display.setCurrent(logic);

                          logic.addCommand(CMD_UNDO);

                          logic.addCommand(CMD_EXIT);

                          logic.setCommandListener(this);

                     }else if (c == CMD_PAUSE) {//處理“暫停”

                          //logic.pause();

                      }else if (c == CMD_UNDO) {//處理“上一步”

                          logic.unMove();

                      }

                  }

                 

                  private Screen genOptions() {

                      if(optionsForm == null){

                          optionsForm = new Form("選項");

                          optionsForm.addCommand(CMD_OK);

                          optionsForm.setCommandListener(this);

             

                          levelChoice = new ChoiceGroup("華容道佈局", Choice.EXCLUSIVE);

                          levelChoice.append("過五關", null);

                          levelChoice.append("橫刀立馬", null);

                          levelChoice.append("水泄不通", null);

                          levelChoice.append("小燕出巢", null);

                          levelChoice.append("近在咫尺", null);

                          levelChoice.append("走投無路", null);

                          optionsForm.append(levelChoice);

                          

                          updateOptions();

                          optionsForm.append(topScores);

                          optionsForm.append("小毛驢工作室,2005, 版權沒有,違者打屁股");   

                      }

                     return optionsForm;

                  }

                 

                  private void updateOptions() {

                      topScores = "積分榜/n";

             

                      if ( score.readScore(0)!= -1 )

                          topScores += "過五關最少步數:  "+String.valueOf(score.readScore(0))+"/n";

                      if ( score.readScore(1)!= -1 )

                          topScores += "橫刀立馬最少步數:"+String.valueOf(score.readScore(1))+"/n";

                      if ( score.readScore(2)!= -1 )

                          topScores += "水泄不通最少步數:"+String.valueOf(score.readScore(2))+"/n";

                      if ( score.readScore(3)!= -1 )

                          topScores += "小燕出巢最少步數:"+String.valueOf(score.readScore(3))+"/n";

                      if ( score.readScore(4)!= -1 )

                          topScores += "近在咫尺最少步數:"+String.valueOf(score.readScore(4))+"/n";

                      if ( score.readScore(5)!= -1 )

                          topScores += "走投無路最少步數:"+String.valueOf(score.readScore(5));

                  }

              }
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