1 BeanFactory接口
BeanFactory定義了IOC容器的最基本形式，並提供了IOC容器應遵守的的最基本的接口，也就是Spring IOC所遵守的最底層和最基本的編程規範。在 Spring代碼中，BeanFactory只是個接口，並不是IOC容器的具體實現，但是Spring容器給出了很多種實現，如DefaultListableBeanFactory、XmlBeanFactory、ApplicationContext等，都是附加了某種功能的實現。
public interface BeanFactory {
/**
* Used to dereference a {@link FactoryBean} instance and distinguish it from
* beans <i>created</i> by the FactoryBean. For example, if the bean named
* {@code myJndiObject} is a FactoryBean, getting {@code &myJndiObject}
* will return the factory, not the instance returned by the factory.
*/
String FACTORY_BEAN_PREFIX = "&";
/**
* Return an instance, which may be shared or independent, of the specified bean.
* <p>This method allows a Spring BeanFactory to be used as a replacement for the
* Singleton or Prototype design pattern. Callers may retain references to
* returned objects in the case of Singleton beans.
* <p>Translates aliases back to the corresponding canonical bean name.
* Will ask the parent factory if the bean cannot be found in this factory instance.
* @param name the name of the bean to retrieve
* @return an instance of the bean
* @throws NoSuchBeanDefinitionException if there is no bean definition
* with the specified name
* @throws BeansException if the bean could not be obtained
*/
Object getBean(String name) throws BeansException;
/**
* Return an instance, which may be shared or independent, of the specified bean.
* <p>Behaves the same as {@link #getBean(String)}, but provides a measure of type
* safety by throwing a BeanNotOfRequiredTypeException if the bean is not of the
* required type. This means that ClassCastException can't be thrown on casting
* the result correctly, as can happen with {@link #getBean(String)}.
* <p>Translates aliases back to the corresponding canonical bean name.
* Will ask the parent factory if the bean cannot be found in this factory instance.
* @param name the name of the bean to retrieve
* @param requiredType type the bean must match. Can be an interface or superclass
* of the actual class, or {@code null} for any match. For example, if the value
* is {@code Object.class}, this method will succeed whatever the class of the
* returned instance.
* @return an instance of the bean
* @throws NoSuchBeanDefinitionException if there is no such bean definition
* @throws BeanNotOfRequiredTypeException if the bean is not of the required type
* @throws BeansException if the bean could not be created
*/
<T> T getBean(String name, Class<T> requiredType) throws BeansException;
/**
* Return the bean instance that uniquely matches the given object type, if any.
* @param requiredType type the bean must match; can be an interface or superclass.
* {@code null} is disallowed.
* <p>This method goes into {@link ListableBeanFactory} by-type lookup territory
* but may also be translated into a conventional by-name lookup based on the name
* of the given type. For more extensive retrieval operations across sets of beans,
* use {@link ListableBeanFactory} and/or {@link BeanFactoryUtils}.
* @return an instance of the single bean matching the required type
* @throws NoSuchBeanDefinitionException if no bean of the given type was found
* @throws NoUniqueBeanDefinitionException if more than one bean of the given type was found
* @since 3.0
* @see ListableBeanFactory
*/
<T> T getBean(Class<T> requiredType) throws BeansException;
/**
* Return an instance, which may be shared or independent, of the specified bean.
* <p>Allows for specifying explicit constructor arguments / factory method arguments,
* overriding the specified default arguments (if any) in the bean definition.
* @param name the name of the bean to retrieve
* @param args arguments to use if creating a prototype using explicit arguments to a
* static factory method. It is invalid to use a non-null args value in any other case.
* @return an instance of the bean
* @throws NoSuchBeanDefinitionException if there is no such bean definition
* @throws BeanDefinitionStoreException if arguments have been given but
* the affected bean isn't a prototype
* @throws BeansException if the bean could not be created
* @since 2.5
*/
Object getBean(String name, Object... args) throws BeansException;
/**
* Does this bean factory contain a bean definition or externally registered singleton
* instance with the given name?
* <p>If the given name is an alias, it will be translated back to the corresponding
* canonical bean name.
* <p>If this factory is hierarchical, will ask any parent factory if the bean cannot
* be found in this factory instance.
* <p>If a bean definition or singleton instance matching the given name is found,
* this method will return {@code true} whether the named bean definition is concrete
* or abstract, lazy or eager, in scope or not. Therefore, note that a {@code true}
* return value from this method does not necessarily indicate that {@link #getBean}
* will be able to obtain an instance for the same name.
* @param name the name of the bean to query
* @return whether a bean with the given name is present
*/
boolean containsBean(String name);
/**
* Is this bean a shared singleton? That is, will {@link #getBean} always
* return the same instance?
* <p>Note: This method returning {@code false} does not clearly indicate
* independent instances. It indicates non-singleton instances, which may correspond
* to a scoped bean as well. Use the {@link #isPrototype} operation to explicitly
* check for independent instances.
* <p>Translates aliases back to the corresponding canonical bean name.
* Will ask the parent factory if the bean cannot be found in this factory instance.
* @param name the name of the bean to query
* @return whether this bean corresponds to a singleton instance
* @throws NoSuchBeanDefinitionException if there is no bean with the given name
* @see #getBean
* @see #isPrototype
*/
boolean isSingleton(String name) throws NoSuchBeanDefinitionException;
/**
* Is this bean a prototype? That is, will {@link #getBean} always return
* independent instances?
* <p>Note: This method returning {@code false} does not clearly indicate
* a singleton object. It indicates non-independent instances, which may correspond
* to a scoped bean as well. Use the {@link #isSingleton} operation to explicitly
* check for a shared singleton instance.
* <p>Translates aliases back to the corresponding canonical bean name.
* Will ask the parent factory if the bean cannot be found in this factory instance.
* @param name the name of the bean to query
* @return whether this bean will always deliver independent instances
* @throws NoSuchBeanDefinitionException if there is no bean with the given name
* @since 2.0.3
* @see #getBean
* @see #isSingleton
*/
boolean isPrototype(String name) throws NoSuchBeanDefinitionException;
/**
* Check whether the bean with the given name matches the specified type.
* More specifically, check whether a {@link #getBean} call for the given name
* would return an object that is assignable to the specified target type.
* <p>Translates aliases back to the corresponding canonical bean name.
* Will ask the parent factory if the bean cannot be found in this factory instance.
* @param name the name of the bean to query
* @param targetType the type to match against
* @return {@code true} if the bean type matches,
* {@code false} if it doesn't match or cannot be determined yet
* @throws NoSuchBeanDefinitionException if there is no bean with the given name
* @since 2.0.1
* @see #getBean
* @see #getType
*/
boolean isTypeMatch(String name, Class<?> targetType) throws NoSuchBeanDefinitionException;
/**
* Determine the type of the bean with the given name. More specifically,
* determine the type of object that {@link #getBean} would return for the given name.
* <p>For a {@link FactoryBean}, return the type of object that the FactoryBean creates,
* as exposed by {@link FactoryBean#getObjectType()}.
* <p>Translates aliases back to the corresponding canonical bean name.
* Will ask the parent factory if the bean cannot be found in this factory instance.
* @param name the name of the bean to query
* @return the type of the bean, or {@code null} if not determinable
* @throws NoSuchBeanDefinitionException if there is no bean with the given name
* @since 1.1.2
* @see #getBean
* @see #isTypeMatch
*/
Class<?> getType(String name) throws NoSuchBeanDefinitionException;
/**
* Return the aliases for the given bean name, if any.
* All of those aliases point to the same bean when used in a {@link #getBean} call.
* <p>If the given name is an alias, the corresponding original bean name
* and other aliases (if any) will be returned, with the original bean name
* being the first element in the array.
* <p>Will ask the parent factory if the bean cannot be found in this factory instance.
* @param name the bean name to check for aliases
* @return the aliases, or an empty array if none
* @see #getBean
*/
String[] getAliases(String name);
}
2 FactoryBean
一般情況下，Spring通過反射機制利用<bean>的class屬性指定實現類實例化Bean，在某些情況下，實例化Bean過程比較複雜，如果按照傳統的方式，則需要在<bean>中提供大量的配置信息。配置方式的靈活性是受限的，這時採用編碼的方式可能會得到一個簡單的方案。Spring爲此提供了一個org.springframework.bean.factory.FactoryBean的工廠類接口，用戶可以通過實現該接口定製實例化Bean的邏輯。
FactoryBean接口對於Spring框架來說佔用重要的地位，Spring自身就提供了70多個FactoryBean的實現。它們隱藏了實例化一些複雜Bean的細節，給上層應用帶來了便利。從Spring 3.0開始，FactoryBean開始支持泛型，即接口聲明改爲FactoryBean<T>的形式：
package org.springframework.beans.factory;
public interface FactoryBean<T> {
T getObject() throws Exception;
Class<?> getObjectType();
boolean isSingleton();
} 在該接口中還定義了以下3個方法：
T getObject()：返回由FactoryBean創建的Bean實例，如果isSingleton()返回true，則該實例會放到Spring容器中單實例緩存池中；
boolean isSingleton()：返回由FactoryBean創建的Bean實例的作用域是singleton還是prototype；
Class<T> getObjectType()：返回FactoryBean創建的Bean類型。
當配置文件中<bean>的class屬性配置的實現類是FactoryBean時，通過getBean()方法返回的不是FactoryBean本身，而是FactoryBean#getObject()方法所返回的對象，相當於FactoryBean#getObject()代理了getBean()方法。
在該接口中還定義了以下3個方法：
T getObject()：返回由FactoryBean創建的Bean實例，如果isSingleton()返回true，則該實例會放到Spring容器中單實例緩存池中；
boolean isSingleton()：返回由FactoryBean創建的Bean實例的作用域是singleton還是prototype；
Class<T> getObjectType()：返回FactoryBean創建的Bean類型。
當配置文件中<bean>的class屬性配置的實現類是FactoryBean時，通過getBean()方法返回的不是FactoryBean本身，而是FactoryBean#getObject()方法所返回的對象，相當於FactoryBean#getObject()代理了getBean()方法。
package com.baobaotao.factorybean;
public class Car {
private int maxSpeed ;
private String brand ;
private double price ;
public int getMaxSpeed () {
return this . maxSpeed ;
}
public void setMaxSpeed ( int maxSpeed ) {
this . maxSpeed = maxSpeed;
}
public String getBrand () {
return this . brand ;
}
public void setBrand ( String brand ) {
this . brand = brand;
}
public double getPrice () {
return this . price ;
}
public void setPrice ( double price ) {
this . price = price;
}
}
package com.baobaotao.factorybean;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.FactoryBean;
public class CarFactoryBean implements FactoryBean<Car> {
private String carInfo ;
public Car getObject () throws Exception {
Car car = new Car () ;
String [] infos = carInfo .split ( "," ) ;
car.setBrand ( infos [ 0 ]) ;
car.setMaxSpeed ( Integer. valueOf ( infos [ 1 ])) ;
car.setPrice ( Double. valueOf ( infos [ 2 ])) ;
return car;
}
public Class<Car> getObjectType () {
return Car. class ;
}
public boolean isSingleton () {
return false ;
}
public String getCarInfo () {
return this . carInfo ;
}
// 接受逗號分割符設置屬性信息
public void setCarInfo ( String carInfo ) {
this . carInfo = carInfo;
}
} 有了這個CarFactoryBean後，就可以在配置文件中使用下面這種自定義的配置方式配置Car Bean了：
<bean id="car" class="com.baobaotao.factorybean.CarFactoryBean"
P:carInfo="法拉利,400,2000000"/>
當調用getBean("car")時，Spring通過反射機制發現CarFactoryBean實現了FactoryBean的接口，這時Spring容器就調用接口方法CarFactoryBean#getObject()方法返回。如果希望獲取CarFactoryBean的實例，則需要在使用getBean(beanName)方法時在beanName前顯示的加上"&"前綴：如getBean("&car");
BeanFactory是個Factory，也就是IOC容器或對象工廠，FactoryBean是個Bean。在Spring中，所有的Bean都是由BeanFactory(也就是IOC容器)來進行管理的。但對FactoryBean而言，這個Bean不是簡單的Bean，而是一個能生產或者修飾對象生成的工廠Bean,它的實現與設計模式中的工廠模式和修飾器模式類似。