Ceph-Ansible部署Ceph-N（基於ubuntu 18.04 LTS）

原創 QTM_Gitee 2020-02-25 17:25

常用自動化部署方案比較

名稱 實現語言 發佈時間 架構 DSL （區域特定語言）
SaltStack Python 2011 C/S yaml
Ansible Python 2012 Agentless yaml
Puppet Ruby 2009 C/S Puppet Language
Chef Ruby 2005 C/S 接近Ruby語法的Dsl

環境準備

在部署 Ceph 存儲集羣之前，需要對Ceph 客戶端和Ceph 節點進行一些基本的配置。安裝一個ceph-ansible 管理節點和若干節點的Ceph存儲集羣來研究 Ceph 的基本特性。此處準備四個Ceph節點（其中adm節點充當ceph-ansible管理節點），以此構成 Ceph存儲集羣。

主機名稱 IP地址 操作系統 備註
adm 100.10.10.163 ubuntu-18.04.3-server-amd64.iso ceph-ansible管理節點
N1 100.10.10.160/100.10.11.160 ubuntu-18.04.3-server-amd64.iso 專用節點
N2 100.10.10.161/100.10.11.161 ubuntu-18.04.3-server-amd64.iso 專用節點
N3 100.10.10.162/100.10.11.162 ubuntu-18.04.3-server-amd64.iso 專用節點

未特別說明，則操作需在每個節點上執行

添加keys

將密鑰添加到系統的受信任密鑰列表中，以避免出現安全警告。 對於主要發行版（例如luminous, mimic, nautilus）和開發發行版（release-name-rc1, release-name-rc2），請使用release.asc密鑰。

要安裝release.asc密鑰，請執行以下操作：

# wget -q -O- 'http://100.10.10.163/ceph/keys/release.asc' | sudo apt-key add -
# wget -q -O- 'http://100.10.10.163/os/18.04_LTS/debs.asc' | sudo apt-key add -
# apt-key list
/etc/apt/trusted.gpg
--------------------
pub   rsa4096 2015-09-15 [SC]
      08B7 3419 AC32 B4E9 66C1  A330 E84A C2C0 460F 3994
uid           [ unknown] Ceph.com (release key) <[email protected]>

添加CEPH

將Ceph軟件包庫添加到系統的APT來源列表中。 對於較新版本的Debian/Ubuntu，請在命令行上調用lsb_release -sc以獲取簡短的代號。

# cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.org
# > /etc/apt/sources.list
# sudo apt-add-repository 'deb http://100.10.10.163/ceph/debian-nautilus/ bionic main'
# apt-get update -y

修改/etc/hosts文件

# vim /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1	localhost
100.10.10.160	N1
100.10.10.161	N2
100.10.10.162	N3
100.10.10.163	adm

配置ssh免密登錄

在adm節點執行以下命令，

#  ssh-keygen -t rsa -P ''
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): 
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:w3exfRZVT5yUhWGDS0KlJFSXkGOBRB52DY2wXJZfNdI
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 2048]----+
|       +O=@@o+*B@|
|       +.OBo*.+E=|
|        +..=.o ..|
|       .    o+  .|
|        S . o . o|
|         o .   o |
|                 |
|                 |
|                 |
+----[SHA256]-----+

# ssh-copy-id 100.10.10.160
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
[email protected]'s password: 

Number of key(s) added: 1

Now try logging into the machine, with:   "ssh '100.10.10.160'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.

# ssh-copy-id 100.10.10.161
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
[email protected]'s password: 

Number of key(s) added: 1

Now try logging into the machine, with:   "ssh '100.10.10.161'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.

# ssh-copy-id 100.10.10.162
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
[email protected]'s password: 

Number of key(s) added: 1

Now try logging into the machine, with:   "ssh '100.10.10.162'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.

# ssh-copy-id 100.10.10.163
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
The authenticity of host '100.10.10.163 (100.10.10.163)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:krdx3rwkZITeNgQBIDo4eY70tOTrMFhJ4c24RSGPQYI.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
[email protected]'s password: 

Number of key(s) added: 1

Now try logging into the machine, with:   "ssh '100.10.10.163'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.

# scp /root/.ssh/id_rsa* 100.10.10.160:/root/.ssh/
id_rsa                                                                                                                                   100% 1679     1.6MB/s   00:00    
id_rsa.pub                                                                                                                               100%  393   481.8KB/s   00:00    
# scp /root/.ssh/id_rsa* 100.10.10.161:/root/.ssh/
id_rsa                                                                                                                                   100% 1679     1.6MB/s   00:00    
id_rsa.pub                                                                                                                               100%  393   527.1KB/s   00:00    
# scp /root/.ssh/id_rsa* 100.10.10.162:/root/.ssh/
id_rsa                                                                                                                                    100% 1679     1.5MB/s   00:00    
id_rsa.pub

在每個節點上執行

# ssh 100.10.10.160
Welcome to Ubuntu 18.04.3 LTS (GNU/Linux 4.15.0-55-generic x86_64)

 * Documentation:  https://help.ubuntu.com
 * Management:     https://landscape.canonical.com
 * Support:        https://ubuntu.com/advantage

  System information as of Thu Jan  9 12:35:33 CST 2020

  System load:  0.04               Processes:               311
  Usage of /:   3.2% of 136.36GB   Users logged in:         2
  Memory usage: 0%                 IP address for enp3s0f0: 100.10.10.160
  Swap usage:   0%                 IP address for enp3s0f1: 100.10.11.160


 * Canonical Livepatch is available for installation.
   - Reduce system reboots and improve kernel security. Activate at:
     https://ubuntu.com/livepatch

0 packages can be updated.
0 updates are security updates.

Failed to connect to https://changelogs.ubuntu.com/meta-release-lts. Check your Internet connection or proxy settings


Last login: Thu Jan  9 12:34:37 2020 from 100.10.10.162
root@N1:~# exit
logout
Connection to 100.10.10.160 closed.
# ssh 100.10.10.161
Welcome to Ubuntu 18.04.3 LTS (GNU/Linux 4.15.0-55-generic x86_64)

 * Documentation:  https://help.ubuntu.com
 * Management:     https://landscape.canonical.com
 * Support:        https://ubuntu.com/advantage

  System information as of Thu Jan  9 12:35:38 CST 2020

  System load:  0.08               Processes:               305
  Usage of /:   3.2% of 136.36GB   Users logged in:         2
  Memory usage: 0%                 IP address for enp4s0f0: 100.10.10.161
  Swap usage:   0%                 IP address for enp4s0f1: 100.10.11.161


 * Canonical Livepatch is available for installation.
   - Reduce system reboots and improve kernel security. Activate at:
     https://ubuntu.com/livepatch

0 packages can be updated.
0 updates are security updates.

Failed to connect to https://changelogs.ubuntu.com/meta-release-lts. Check your Internet connection or proxy settings


Last login: Thu Jan  9 12:35:04 2020 from 100.10.10.162
root@N2:~# exit
logout
Connection to 100.10.10.161 closed.
# ssh 100.10.10.162
Welcome to Ubuntu 18.04.3 LTS (GNU/Linux 4.15.0-55-generic x86_64)

 * Documentation:  https://help.ubuntu.com
 * Management:     https://landscape.canonical.com
 * Support:        https://ubuntu.com/advantage

  System information as of Thu Jan  9 12:41:26 CST 2020

  System load:  0.05               Processes:               299
  Usage of /:   3.2% of 136.36GB   Users logged in:         1
  Memory usage: 0%                 IP address for enp3s0f0: 100.10.10.162
  Swap usage:   0%                 IP address for enp3s0f1: 100.10.11.162


 * Canonical Livepatch is available for installation.
   - Reduce system reboots and improve kernel security. Activate at:
     https://ubuntu.com/livepatch

0 packages can be updated.
0 updates are security updates.


Last login: Thu Jan  9 12:40:55 2020 from 100.10.10.162
root@N3:~# exit
logout
Connection to 100.10.10.162 closed.
# ssh 100.10.10.163
Welcome to Ubuntu 18.04.3 LTS (GNU/Linux 4.15.0-55-generic x86_64)

 * Documentation:  https://help.ubuntu.com
 * Management:     https://landscape.canonical.com
 * Support:        https://ubuntu.com/advantage

  System information as of Thu Jan  9 12:41:32 CST 2020

  System load:  0.0                Processes:               320
  Usage of /:   6.1% of 136.36GB   Users logged in:         2
  Memory usage: 1%                 IP address for enp3s0f0: 100.10.10.163
  Swap usage:   0%                 IP address for enp3s0f1: 172.10.27.163

 * Overheard at KubeCon: "microk8s.status just blew my mind".

     https://microk8s.io/docs/commands#microk8s.status

 * Canonical Livepatch is available for installation.
   - Reduce system reboots and improve kernel security. Activate at:
     https://ubuntu.com/livepatch

141 packages can be updated.
89 updates are security updates.


*** System restart required ***
Last login: Thu Jan  9 12:41:07 2020 from 100.10.10.162
root@ceph-n:~# exit
logout
Connection to 100.10.10.163 closed.

安裝 CHRONY

在Ceph節點上安裝CHRONY以防止時鐘漂移引起的問題。

# timedatectl set-ntp false
# apt-get install chrony -y
# chronyd --version
# cp /etc/chrony/chrony.conf /etc/chrony/chrony.conf.org

設置chrony服務器

此處將adm節點作爲CHRONY服務器

# vim /etc/chrony/chrony.conf
.....
pool ntp.ubuntu.com        iburst maxsources 4
pool 0.ubuntu.pool.ntp.org iburst maxsources 1
pool 1.ubuntu.pool.ntp.org iburst maxsources 1
pool 2.ubuntu.pool.ntp.org iburst maxsources 2
.......
allow 100.10 ##允許同步時間的客戶端所在網段
local stratum 10 ##設置源時鐘等級

將配置文件中上述4個pool註釋掉，在其中增加允許同步時間的IP網段段以及設置源時鐘等級。

# systemctl enable chrony.service
# systemctl restart chrony.service
# systemctl status chrony.service
● chrony.service - chrony, an NTP client/server
   Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/chrony.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: active (running) since Thu 2020-01-09 15:51:54 CST; 8s ago
     Docs: man:chronyd(8)
           man:chronyc(1)
           man:chrony.conf(5)
  Process: 25427 ExecStartPost=/usr/lib/chrony/chrony-helper update-daemon (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 25398 ExecStart=/usr/lib/systemd/scripts/chronyd-starter.sh $DAEMON_OPTS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 25422 (chronyd)
    Tasks: 1 (limit: 4915)
   CGroup: /system.slice/chrony.service
           └─25422 /usr/sbin/chronyd

設置chrony客戶端

此處N1、N2和N3節點爲CHRONY客戶端

# vim /etc/chrony/chrony.conf
.....
# pool ntp.ubuntu.com        iburst maxsources 4
# pool 0.ubuntu.pool.ntp.org iburst maxsources 1
# pool 1.ubuntu.pool.ntp.org iburst maxsources 1
# pool 2.ubuntu.pool.ntp.org iburst maxsources 2
server 100.10.10.163 iburst 
.......

其中100.10.10.163爲CHRONY服務器的IP地址。

啓動並確認chronyd服務

# systemctl enable chrony.service
Synchronizing state of chrony.service with SysV service script with /lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install.
Executing: /lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install enable chrony
# systemctl restart chrony.service
# systemctl status chrony.service
● chrony.service - chrony, an NTP client/server
   Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/chrony.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: active (running) since Thu 2020-01-09 15:51:54 CST; 8s ago
     Docs: man:chronyd(8)
           man:chronyc(1)
           man:chrony.conf(5)
  Process: 25427 ExecStartPost=/usr/lib/chrony/chrony-helper update-daemon (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 25398 ExecStart=/usr/lib/systemd/scripts/chronyd-starter.sh $DAEMON_OPTS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 25422 (chronyd)
    Tasks: 1 (limit: 4915)
   CGroup: /system.slice/chrony.service
           └─25422 /usr/sbin/chronyd

確認時間同步狀態

## 查看 chrony_servers 狀態
# chronyc sources -v

## 查看 chrony_sync 狀態
# chronyc sourcestats -v

## 查看 chrony_servers 是否在線
# chronyc activity -v

## 查看 chrony 詳細信息
# chronyc tracking -v

Ceph-Ansible環境配置

下載Ceph-ansible

# wget -q -O ceph-ansible-stable-4.0.zip https://codeload.github.com/ceph/ceph-ansible/zip/stable-4.0
# unzip ceph-ansible-stable-4.0.zip

下載ansible

本次使用的是ansible-2.8.7，安裝ansible需要一些依賴包，依賴包及其版本如下：

asn1crypto==0.24.0
cffi==1.13.2
cryptography==2.8
dnspython==1.15.0
enum34==1.1.6
httplib2==0.11.3
idna==2.6
ipaddress==1.0.23
Jinja2==2.10.3
MarkupSafe==1.1.1
netaddr==0.7.19
ply==3.11
pyasn1==0.4.2
pyasn1-modules==0.2.1
pycparser==2.19
pycrypto==2.6.1
PyYAML==5.3
six==1.13.0

真實的軟件包如下：

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   125326 Jan  8 15:23 Jinja2-2.10.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    24348 Jan  8 15:24 MarkupSafe-1.1.1-cp27-cp27mu-manylinux1_x86_64.whl
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   268214 Jan  8 15:23 PyYAML-5.3.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 12697144 Jan  8 15:23 ansible-2.8.7.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   384920 Jan  8 15:24 cffi-1.13.2-cp27-cp27mu-manylinux1_x86_64.whl
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  2260524 Jan  8 15:23 cryptography-2.8-cp27-cp27mu-manylinux1_x86_64.whl
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    12427 Jan  8 15:23 enum34-1.1.6-py2-none-any.whl
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    18159 Jan  8 15:23 ipaddress-1.0.23-py2.py3-none-any.whl
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  1628451 Jan  8 15:23 netaddr-0.7.19-py2.py3-none-any.whl
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   158295 Jan  8 15:24 pycparser-2.19.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    10747 Jan  8 15:24 six-1.13.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl

不再贅述如何安裝軟件包

安裝Ceph-N

1.創建主機清單

# cd ceph-ansible-stable-4.0
# vim hosts
[mons]
N1 monitor_address=100.10.10.160
N2 monitor_address=100.10.10.161
N3 monitor_address=100.10.10.162

[osds]
N[1:3]

[rgws]
N1 radosgw_address=100.10.10.160
N2 radosgw_address=100.10.10.161
N3 radosgw_address=100.10.10.162

[grafana-server]
N[1:3]

[mdss]
N[1:3]

[clients]
N[1:3]

[mgrs]
N[1:3]

2.拷貝group_vars/all.yml.sample 到group_vars/all.yml，並修改all.yml 文件，添加如下參數：

ceph_origin: repository
ceph_repository: community
ceph_mirror: http://100.10.10.163/ceph/
ceph_stable_key: "{{ ceph_mirror }}/keys/release.asc"
ceph_stable_release: nautilus
ceph_stable_repo: "{{ ceph_mirror }}/debian-{{ ceph_stable_release }}"
ceph_stable_distro_source: bionic

cephx: "true"


public_network: 100.10.10.0/24
cluster_network: 100.10.11.0/24

mon_host: 100.10.10.160,100.10.10.161,100.10.10.162
mon_initial_members: N1,N2,N3
monitor_interface: enp3s0f0

rbd_cache: "true"
rbd_cache_writethrough_until_flush: "true"
rbd_concurrent_management_ops: 20
rbd_client_directories: true
osd_objectstore: bluestore
osd_auto_discovery: true
osd_auto_discovery_exclude: "dm-*|loop*|md*|rbd*"
mds_max_mds: 1
radosgw_frontend_type: beast
radosgw_thread_pool_size: 512
radosgw_interface: "{{ monitor_interface }}"
email_address: [email protected]
dashboard_enabled: True
dashboard_protocol: http
dashboard_port: 8443
dashboard_admin_user: admin
dashboard_admin_password: toyou@123
grafana_admin_user: admin
grafana_admin_password: admin
grafana_uid: 472
grafana_datasource: Dashboard
grafana_dashboard_version: nautilus
grafana_port: 3000
grafana_allow_embedding: True

3.拷貝site.yml.sample 到site.yml（註釋掉一些hosts）

# Defines deployment design and assigns role to server groups

- hosts:
  - mons
  - osds
  - mdss
  - rgws
#  - nfss
#  - rbdmirrors
  - clients
  - mgrs
#  - iscsigws
#  - iscsi-gws # for backward compatibility only!
  - grafana-server
#  - rgwloadbalancers

4.執行部署操作

# ansible-playbook  -i hosts  site.yml
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自：http://my.oschina.net/JJREN/blog/51548 上一次，我們介紹了幾種常見的kv存儲模型，下面我們就正式進入到分佈式存儲的場景裏去看看這套東西在分佈式場景下的運作方式吧。 /algorithm/2

fengxinze 2020-07-05 07:58:12

Centos7下使用Ceph-deploy快速部署Ceph分佈式存儲

#Centos7下使用Ceph-deploy快速部署Ceph分佈式存儲 CEPH 簡介  不管你是想爲雲平臺提供Ceph 對象存儲和/或 Ceph 塊設備，還是想部署一個 Ceph 文件系統或者把 Ceph 作爲他用，所有 Ceph 存儲

炸裂且呵呵-_ 2020-07-05 04:40:49

數據備份 快照技術 之第一次寫時複製（COW）和寫時重定向（ROW）

數據備份  快照技術 之第一次寫時複製（COW）和寫時重定向（ROW）   1.快照技術 關於指定數據集合的一個完全可用拷貝，該拷貝包括相應數據在某個時間點的映像。 快照相當於給數據拍個照片 2. 第一次寫時複製  COW COW(Cop

种花家的奋斗兔 2020-07-03 14:19:11

PG概述及OSD對PG狀態的影響

前言 隨着分佈式存儲的廣泛應用，目前對PG的關注越來越多，本文基於ONStor分佈式存儲系統簡要介紹一下PG的狀態變化，重點說明OSD對PG狀態的影響。 一、Ceph分佈式存儲概述 Ceph是一個統一的分佈式存儲系統，設計初衷是提

yuzhangfeng 2020-07-03 09:44:35

分佈式數據存儲系統之三要素

什麼是分佈式數據存儲系統？ 分佈式存儲系統的核心邏輯，就是將用戶需要存儲的數據根據某種規則存儲到不同的機器上，當用戶想要獲取指定數據時，再按照規則到存儲數據的機器裏獲取。 如下圖所示，當用戶（即應用程序）想要訪問數據 D，分佈式操

茶博士_38043550 2020-07-02 19:12:32

提升 10 倍！阿里雲對象存儲 OSS 可用性 SLA 技術揭祕

雲棲號資訊：【點擊查看更多行業資訊】在這裏您可以找到不同行業的第一手的上雲資訊，還在等什麼，快來！ 阿里妹導讀：對象存儲被廣泛應用於互聯網應用中，當我們打開手機觀看視頻、收聽音樂、分享圖片、瀏覽網頁、淘寶購物時，背後的數據基本都是存在對

雲棲號資訊小編 2020-07-02 14:13:49

Lustre 組件

Lustre 組件 文章目錄Lustre 組件管理服務器（MGS）Lustre 文件系統組件Lustre 網絡 (LNet)Lustre 集羣Lustre 客戶端請求文件數據Lustre 條帶 Luster軟件的安裝包括管理服務器

杨京辉 2020-07-02 13:32:21

全局索引

  目錄 索引表相關介紹 單機表索引： 本地分區索引（Local Partitioned Index）： 全局非分區索引（Global Non-Partitioned Index） 全局分區索引（Global Partitioned In

西门仙忍 2020-07-02 03:18:05