在前面資源一文中也提過樣式,樣式就如同我們做HTML頁排版時常用到的CSS樣式表,它是對於特定婁型的可視化元素,應該可以直接說是針對控件的一種可重用的屬性設置列表,這樣對於需要設置相同屬性值的同類型的多個控件來講是大大提高效率,我們不必要爲每個控件做重複的動作。
下面是一個TextBox的樣式示例,我們希望通過引用資源中的樣式,使得頁面上的所有TextBox控件都具有統一的外觀,而且都只能輸入數字。
- <phone:PhoneApplicationPage.Resources>
- <!--不帶key的樣式,應用於所有TextBlock元素-->
- <Style TargetType="TextBlock">
- <Setter Property="FontSize" Value="40"/>
- <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="Yellow"/>
- </Style>
- <!--帶key的樣式,只有引用該資源的元素才應用-->
- <Style x:Key="MyTextBoxStyle" TargetType="TextBox">
- <Setter Property="FontSize" Value="40"/>
- <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="Blue"/>
- <Setter Property="InputScope">
- <Setter.Value>
- <InputScope>
- <InputScopeName NameValue="Number"/>
- </InputScope>
- </Setter.Value>
- </Setter>
- </Style>
- </phone:PhoneApplicationPage.Resources>
- <Grid x:Name="LayoutRoot" Background="Transparent">
- <Grid.RowDefinitions>
- <RowDefinition Height="Auto"/>
- <RowDefinition Height="*"/>
- </Grid.RowDefinitions>
- <TextBlock Grid.Row="0" x:Name="PageTitle" Text="樣式示例" Margin="9,-7,0,0" Style="{StaticResource PhoneTextTitle1Style}"/>
- <Grid x:Name="ContentPanel" Grid.Row="1" Margin="12,10,12,0">
- <Grid.RowDefinitions>
- <RowDefinition Height="auto"/>
- <RowDefinition Height="auto"/>
- <RowDefinition Height="auto"/>
- <RowDefinition Height="auto"/>
- <RowDefinition Height="auto"/>
- </Grid.RowDefinitions>
- <Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
- <ColumnDefinition Width="2*"/>
- <ColumnDefinition Width="3*"/>
- </Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
- <TextBlock Grid.Column="0" Grid.Row="0" Text="文本一:"/>
- <TextBlock Grid.Column="0" Grid.Row="1" Text="文本二:"/>
- <TextBlock Grid.Column="0" Grid.Row="2" Text="文本三:"/>
- <TextBlock Grid.Column="0" Grid.Row="3" Text="文本四:"/>
- <TextBlock Grid.Column="0" Grid.Row="4" Text="文本五:"/>
- <TextBox Grid.Column="1" Grid.Row="0" Style="{StaticResource MyTextBoxStyle}" />
- <TextBox Grid.Column="1" Grid.Row="1" Style="{StaticResource MyTextBoxStyle}" />
- <TextBox Grid.Column="1" Grid.Row="2" Style="{StaticResource MyTextBoxStyle}" />
- <TextBox Grid.Column="1" Grid.Row="3"/>
- <TextBox Grid.Column="1" Grid.Row="4"/>
- </Grid>
- </Grid>
1、帶key的樣式,不會自動應用到元素/控件上,除非元素的Style屬性引用了該資源的鍵;
2、不帶鍵的樣式資源,將自動應用於當前頁面(如果資源聲明在當前頁)中的所有同類型的元素。
而右面的一列TextBox,由於後面兩個沒有顯式設置Style屬性,故它們保持默認樣式。
要自定義控件模板,首先要了解一下狀態。
如果你以前做過WPF開發你會知道,在.NET 3.5的時候,自定義控件模板,針對控件狀態的改變所做出的應對策略是通過觸發器來完成的,但到了.NET 4,就有了狀態的概念,而Silverlight 3也引入這概念,這樣使得控件的狀態管理更方便也更靈活了。
還有一點就是狀態有分組的,每個組裏面的狀態是互斥的,也就是不能同時發生,每個時刻只允許組內一個狀態發生,但不同組之間的狀態是不衝突的。
- // 摘要:
- // 表示按鈕控件。
- [TemplateVisualState(Name = "Unfocused", GroupName = "FocusStates")]
- [TemplateVisualState(Name = "Disabled", GroupName = "CommonStates")]
- [TemplateVisualState(Name = "Focused", GroupName = "FocusStates")]
- [TemplateVisualState(Name = "Pressed", GroupName = "CommonStates")]
- [TemplateVisualState(Name = "Normal", GroupName = "CommonStates")]
- [TemplateVisualState(Name = "MouseOver", GroupName = "CommonStates")]
- public class Button : ButtonBase
- <phone:PhoneApplicationPage.Resources>
- <ControlTemplate x:Key="Template1" TargetType="ButtonBase">
- <Grid>
- <!--狀態組-->
- <VisualStateManager.VisualStateGroups>
- <VisualStateGroup x:Name="CommonStates">
- <VisualState x:Name="Normal"/>
- <VisualState x:Name="MouseOver"/>
- <VisualState x:Name="Pressed">
- <Storyboard>
- <DoubleAnimation
- Storyboard.TargetName="pressed"
- Storyboard.TargetProperty="Opacity"
- To="1" Duration="0:0:0.5"/>
- </Storyboard>
- </VisualState>
- <VisualState x:Name="Disabled">
- <Storyboard>
- <DoubleAnimation
- Storyboard.TargetName="disable"
- Storyboard.TargetProperty="Opacity"
- To="0.5" Duration="0:0:0.5"/>
- </Storyboard>
- </VisualState>
- </VisualStateGroup>
- <VisualStateGroup x:Name="FocusStates">
- <VisualState x:Name="Focused">
- <Storyboard>
- <DoubleAnimation
- Storyboard.TargetName="focussbd"
- Storyboard.TargetProperty="Opacity"
- To="0.88"/>
- </Storyboard>
- </VisualState>
- </VisualStateGroup>
- </VisualStateManager.VisualStateGroups>
- <Border BorderBrush="{TemplateBinding BorderBrush}"
- BorderThickness="{TemplateBinding BorderThickness}">
- <Grid x:Name="background" Background="{TemplateBinding Background}">
- <Rectangle x:Name="pressed" Opacity="0" RadiusX="2" RadiusY="2">
- <Rectangle.Fill>
- <LinearGradientBrush
- StartPoint=".5,0"
- EndPoint=".5,1">
- <GradientStop Color="SkyBlue" Offset=".1"/>
- <GradientStop Color="Blue" Offset=".9"/>
- </LinearGradientBrush>
- </Rectangle.Fill>
- </Rectangle>
- <ContentPresenter x:Name="ContentPresenter"
- HorizontalAlignment="{TemplateBinding HorizontalContentAlignment}"
- VerticalAlignment="{TemplateBinding VerticalContentAlignment}"
- Margin="{TemplateBinding Padding}"
- Content="{TemplateBinding Content}"
- ContentTemplate="{TemplateBinding ContentTemplate}"/>
- <Rectangle x:Name="disable" Opacity="0" Fill="Gray" RadiusX="2" RadiusY="2"/>
- <Border x:Name="focussbd" BorderBrush="LightGreen" BorderThickness="2" CornerRadius="2" Opacity="0"/>
- </Grid>
- </Border>
- </Grid>
- </ControlTemplate>
- </phone:PhoneApplicationPage.Resources>
- <Grid x:Name="ContentPanel" Margin="12,0,12,0">
- <Button Content="Button" Height="72" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="135,155,0,0" Name="button1" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="160" Template="{StaticResource Template1}" />
- </Grid>
控件模板有時候很難一兩句話講清楚,別看它好像很多東西,其實很簡單,它無非包括兩個東西——狀態和UI元素,至於怎麼個佈局法,完全取決於你希望怎麼設計了。