Django實戰（7)——在線人臉識別系統（第一步、實現圖片上傳和MySQL數據庫的對接，ORM操作數據庫）

首先這個項目是屬於我的省級大創（大學生創新實驗計劃）的，最終實現的目標是可以上傳圖片作爲人來能識別庫，並且人臉識別結果用語音報出來。

現在第一步，先實現數據庫的對接，這一次用MySQL數據庫，過幾天也許會考慮改成Redis來存放，畢竟存放如數據庫的是圖片在服務器端的存放地址，而不可能是整個圖片的信息；畢竟這是一個鍵值對，完全可以用Redis的String來存放。

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現在來具體介紹下views.py文件：

from django.shortcuts import render
from .models import Name_Picture
from django.http import HttpResponse, HttpResponseRedirect
import os


def data(request):
    datas = Name_Picture.get_all()

    context = {
        'datas': datas,
    }
    return render(request, 'data.html', context=context)


def index(request):
    return render(request, 'index.html')


def upload_file(request):

    if request.method == "POST":    # 請求方法爲POST時，進行處理
        myFile = request.FILES.get("myfile", None)    # 獲取上傳的文件，如果沒有文件，則默認爲None
        if not myFile:
            return HttpResponse("no files for upload!")
        destination = open(os.path.join('facePhoto', myFile.name), 'wb+')    # 打開特定的文件進行二進制的寫操作

        for chunk in myFile.chunks():      # 分塊寫入文件
            destination.write(chunk)
        destination.close()

        pictureLocation = os.path.join('facePhoto', myFile.name)
        data = Name_Picture()
        data.picture = pictureLocation
        username = request.POST['username']
        data.names = username
        data.save()

        return HttpResponseRedirect('/index/')

    elif request.method == 'GET':
        return render(request, 'index.html')

這裏寫了三個函數：data、index、upload；分別負責顯示數據庫的數據data、上傳照片和人名index、上傳文件功能的函數upload。注意看上傳文件函數：

def upload_file(request):

    if request.method == "POST":    # 請求方法爲POST時，進行處理
        myFile = request.FILES.get("myfile", None)    # 獲取上傳的文件，如果沒有文件，則默認爲None
        if not myFile:
            return HttpResponse("no files for upload!")
        destination = open(os.path.join('facePhoto', myFile.name), 'wb+')    # 打開特定的文件進行二進制的寫操作

        for chunk in myFile.chunks():      # 分塊寫入文件
            destination.write(chunk)
        destination.close()

        pictureLocation = os.path.join('facePhoto', myFile.name)
        data = Name_Picture()
        data.picture = pictureLocation
        username = request.POST['username']
        data.names = username
        data.save()

        return HttpResponseRedirect('/index/')

    elif request.method == 'GET':
        return render(request, 'index.html')

由於第一次打開頁面會使用get請求，第二次及以後纔是post請求，所以要用if-else分開來寫，當爲post時上傳文件，這一段是負責上傳文件的：

# 獲取上傳的文件，如果沒有文件，則默認爲None
myFile = request.FILES.get("myfile", None)  
# 沒有上傳文件時的操作  
if not myFile:
    return HttpResponse("no files for upload!")
# 打開特定的文件進行二進制的寫操作
destination = open(os.path.join('facePhoto', myFile.name), 'wb+')    
# 分塊寫入文件
for chunk in myFile.chunks():      
    destination.write(chunk)
destination.close()

下面是通過ORM映射入數據庫的步驟：

# 記錄圖片保存的路徑
pictureLocation = os.path.join('facePhoto', myFile.name)
# 從models.py傳過來模型
data = Name_Picture()
data.picture = pictureLocation
# 傳入數據
username = request.POST['username']
data.names = username
# 保存數據
data.save()
# 刷新頁面
return HttpResponseRedirect('/index/')

關於views.py文件就是這麼多，下面看下models.py文件的定義。

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這是models.py文件：

from django.db import models


class Name_Picture(models.Model):
    names = models.CharField(max_length=128, verbose_name='姓名')
    picture = models.CharField(max_length=128, verbose_name='picture')

    def __str__(self):
        return '<names: {}>'.format(self.names)

    @classmethod
    def get_all(cls):
        return cls.objects.all()

    def get_name(self):
        return self.names

就定義了兩個字段，names用於存放姓名，pictures用於存放圖片路徑。下面定義的都是些獲取結果等可能用到的函數和方法，也不是很多。

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urls.py負責映射定義了網絡地址（url），文件也不長：

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from django.conf.urls import url
from faceDataManagement.views import data, upload_file, index

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    url(r'^index/', index),
    url(r'^data/', data),
    url(r'^uploadFile/', upload_file)
]

可以看到有四條url路徑，分別對應着後臺管理admin、上傳數據（圖片和姓名）index、查看數據庫data、還有上傳文件功能。

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還有一個文件是admin.py，用於定義後臺管理頁面：

from django.contrib import admin
from .models import Name_Picture


class faceAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = (
        'picture',
        'names',
    )

    fieldsets = (
        (None, {
            'fields': (
                'names',
                'picture'
            )
        }),
    )

    list_editable = ['names']


admin.site.register(Name_Picture, faceAdmin)

可以看到結果是這樣的：

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還有兩張html如下：

index對應的上傳頁面：

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <link href="favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon">
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>上傳照片</title>
</head>
<body>
        <form enctype="multipart/form-data" action="/uploadFile/" method="POST">
            {% csrf_token %}
            <input type="text" placeholder="姓名" name="username">
            <input type="file" name="myfile" />
            <input type="submit" value="上傳"/>
        </form>

</body>
</html>

如下所示：

 還有data頁面，也比較簡單：

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>所有數據</title>
</head>
<body>
<ul>
    {% for data in datas %}
        <li>姓名：{{ data.names  }}-圖片信息：{{ data.picture }}</li>
    {% endfor %}
</ul>
</body>
</html>

如下所示：

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最後是settings.py文件一攬，定義了數據庫和漢化相關的內容：

"""
Django settings for faceWeb project.

Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 3.0.3.

For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/topics/settings/

For the full list of settings and their values, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/ref/settings/
"""

import os

# Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...)
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))


# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/howto/deployment/checklist/

# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = '$rwh(qrlx1)l^17n-pgl-3*7zu#g=d6p&*0ehxx8cv=%o$8!bo'

# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True

ALLOWED_HOSTS = []


# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'faceDataManagement'
]

MIDDLEWARE = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]

ROOT_URLCONF = 'faceWeb.urls'

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates')]
        ,
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
]

WSGI_APPLICATION = 'faceWeb.wsgi.application'


# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/ref/settings/#databases

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
        'NAME': 'face',
        'USER': 'root',
        'PASSWORD': '56167823',
        'HOST': 'localhost',
        'PORT': '3306',
    }
}


# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators

AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
    },
]


# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/topics/i18n/

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-hans'

TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'

USE_I18N = True

USE_L10N = True

USE_TZ = True


# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/howto/static-files/

STATIC_URL = '/static/'

STATICFILES_DIR = [
    os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'cascades')
]

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END