Docker常用命令

1、Docker容器信息

#查看docker容器版本
docker version
查看docker容器信息
docker info
#查看docker容器幫助
docker --help

2、鏡像操作

提示：對於鏡像的操作可使用鏡像名、鏡像長ID和短ID。

2.1、鏡像查看

<span style="color:#7d8b8d"><span style="color:black"><code><span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#列出本地images</span>
docker images
<span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#含中間映像層</span>
docker images -a</code></span></span>

<span style="color:#7d8b8d"><span style="color:black"><code><span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#只顯示鏡像ID</span>
docker images -q
<span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#含中間映像層</span>
docker images -qa   </code></span></span>

<span style="color:#7d8b8d"><span style="color:black"><code><span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#顯示鏡像摘要信息(DIGEST列)</span>
docker images --digests
<span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#顯示鏡像完整信息</span>
docker images --no-trunc</code></span></span>

<span style="color:#7d8b8d"><span style="color:black"><code><span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#顯示指定鏡像的歷史創建；參數：-H 鏡像大小和日期，默認爲true；--no-trunc  顯示完整的提交記錄；-q  僅列出提交記錄ID</span>
docker history -H redis</code></span></span>

2.2、鏡像搜索

<span style="color:#7d8b8d"><span style="color:black"><code><span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#搜索倉庫MySQL鏡像</span>
docker search mysql
<span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000"># --filter=stars=600：只顯示 starts>=600 的鏡像</span>
docker search --filter=stars=600 mysql
<span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000"># --no-trunc 顯示鏡像完整 DESCRIPTION 描述</span>
docker search --no-trunc mysql
<span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000"># --automated ：只列出 AUTOMATED=OK 的鏡像</span>
docker search  --automated mysql</code></span></span>

2.3、鏡像下載

<span style="color:#7d8b8d"><span style="color:black"><code><span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#下載Redis官方最新鏡像，相當於：docker pull redis:latest</span>
docker pull redis
<span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#下載倉庫所有Redis鏡像</span>
docker pull -a redis
<span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#下載私人倉庫鏡像</span>
docker pull bitnami/redis</code></span></span>

2.4、鏡像刪除

<span style="color:#7d8b8d"><span style="color:black"><code><span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#單個鏡像刪除，相當於：docker rmi redis:latest</span>
docker rmi redis
<span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#強制刪除(針對基於鏡像有運行的容器進程)</span>
docker rmi -f redis
<span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#多個鏡像刪除，不同鏡像間以空格間隔</span>
docker rmi -f redis tomcat nginx
<span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#刪除本地全部鏡像</span>
docker rmi -f $(docker images -q)</code></span></span>

2.5、鏡像構建

<span style="color:#7d8b8d"><span style="color:black"><code><span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#（1）編寫dockerfile</span>
cd /docker/dockerfile
vim mycentos
<span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#（2）構建docker鏡像</span>
docker build -f /docker/dockerfile/mycentos -t mycentos:1.1</code></span></span>

3、容器操作

提示：對於容器的操作可使用CONTAINER ID 或 NAMES。

3.1、容器啓動

<span style="color:#7d8b8d"><span style="color:black"><code><span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#新建並啓動容器，參數：-i  以交互模式運行容器；-t  爲容器重新分配一個僞輸入終端；--name  爲容器指定一個名稱</span>
docker run -i -t --name mycentos
<span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#後臺啓動容器，參數：-d  已守護方式啓動容器</span>
docker run -d mycentos</code></span></span>

注意：此時使用"docker ps -a"會發現容器已經退出。這是docker的機制：要使Docker容器後臺運行，就必須有一個前臺進程。解決方案：將你要運行的程序以前臺進程的形式運行。

<span style="color:#7d8b8d"><span style="color:black"><code><span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#啓動一個或多個已經被停止的容器</span>
docker start redis
<span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#重啓容器</span>
docker restart redis</code></span></span>

3.2、容器進程

<span style="color:#7d8b8d"><span style="color:black"><code><span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#top支持 ps 命令參數，格式：docker top [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [ps OPTIONS]</span>
<span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#列出redis容器中運行進程</span>
docker top redis
<span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#查看所有運行容器的進程信息</span>
for i in  `docker ps |grep Up|awk '{print $1}'`;do echo \ &&docker top $i; done</code></span></span>

3.3、容器日誌

<span style="color:#7d8b8d"><span style="color:black"><code><span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#查看redis容器日誌，默認參數</span>
docker logs rabbitmq
<span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#查看redis容器日誌，參數：-f  跟蹤日誌輸出；-t   顯示時間戳；--tail  僅列出最新N條容器日誌；</span>
docker logs -f -t --tail=20 redis
<span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#查看容器redis從2019年05月21日後的最新10條日誌。</span>
docker logs --since="2019-05-21" --tail=10 redis</code></span></span>

3.4、容器的進入與退出

<span style="color:#7d8b8d"><span style="color:black"><code><span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#使用run方式在創建時進入</span>
docker run -it centos /bin/bash
<span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#關閉容器並退出</span>
exit
<span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#僅退出容器，不關閉</span>
快捷鍵：Ctrl + P + Q
<span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#直接進入centos 容器啓動命令的終端，不會啓動新進程，多個attach連接共享容器屏幕，參數：--sig-proxy=false  確保CTRL-D或CTRL-C不會關閉容器</span>
docker attach --sig-proxy=false centos 
<span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#在 centos 容器中打開新的交互模式終端，可以啓動新進程，參數：-i  即使沒有附加也保持STDIN 打開；-t  分配一個僞終端</span>
docker exec -i -t  centos /bin/bash
<span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#以交互模式在容器中執行命令，結果返回到當前終端屏幕</span>
docker exec -i -t centos ls -l /tmp
<span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#以分離模式在容器中執行命令，程序後臺運行，結果不會反饋到當前終端</span>
docker exec -d centos  touch cache.txt </code></span></span>

3.5、查看容器

<span style="color:#7d8b8d"><span style="color:black"><code><span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#查看正在運行的容器</span>
docker ps
<span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#查看正在運行的容器的ID</span>
docker ps -q
<span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#查看正在運行+歷史運行過的容器</span>
docker ps -a
<span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#顯示運行容器總文件大小</span>
docker ps -s</code></span></span>

<span style="color:#7d8b8d"><span style="color:black"><code><span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#顯示最近創建容器</span>
docker ps -l
<span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#顯示最近創建的3個容器</span>
docker ps -n 3
<span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#不截斷輸出</span>
docker ps --no-trunc </code></span></span>

<span style="color:#7d8b8d"><span style="color:black"><code><span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#獲取鏡像redis的元信息</span>
docker inspect redis
<span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#獲取正在運行的容器redis的 IP</span>
docker inspect --format='{{range .NetworkSettings.Networks}}{{.IPAddress}}{{end}}' redis</code></span></span>

3.6、容器的停止與刪除

<span style="color:#7d8b8d"><span style="color:black"><code><span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#停止一個運行中的容器</span>
docker stop redis
<span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#殺掉一個運行中的容器</span>
docker kill redis
<span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#刪除一個已停止的容器</span>
docker rm redis
<span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#刪除一個運行中的容器</span>
docker rm -f redis
<span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#刪除多個容器</span>
docker rm -f $(docker ps -a -q)
docker ps -a -q | xargs docker rm
<span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000"># -l 移除容器間的網絡連接，連接名爲 db</span>
docker rm -l db 
<span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000"># -v 刪除容器，並刪除容器掛載的數據卷</span>
docker rm -v redis</code></span></span>

3.7、生成鏡像

<span style="color:#7d8b8d"><span style="color:black"><code><span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#基於當前redis容器創建一個新的鏡像；參數：-a 提交的鏡像作者；-c 使用Dockerfile指令來創建鏡像；-m :提交時的說明文字；-p :在commit時，將容器暫停</span>
docker commit -a="DeepInThought" -m="my redis" [redis容器ID]  myredis:v1.1</code></span></span>

3.8、容器與主機間的數據拷貝

<span style="color:#7d8b8d"><span style="color:black"><code><span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#將rabbitmq容器中的文件copy至本地路徑</span>
docker cp rabbitmq:/[container_path] [local_path]
<span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#將主機文件copy至rabbitmq容器</span>
docker cp [local_path] rabbitmq:/[container_path]/
<span style="color:#2b91af">#</span><span style="color:#008000">#將主機文件copy至rabbitmq容器，目錄重命名爲[container_path]（注意與非重命名copy的區別）</span>
docker cp [local_path] rabbitmq:/[container_path]</code></span></span>

• 作者： DeepInThought
  出處： https://www.cnblogs.com/DeepInThought