matplotlib繪製3D圖小例子

這裏我們用到matplotlib、numpy和Axes3D庫

from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

點線圖：

print("點線圖")
fig = plt.figure()
ax = Axes3D(fig)
X = np.arange(0,20,0.25)
Y = np.arange(0,20,0.25)
Z = np.sin(X+Y)
ax.plot(X,Y,Z,color='red',linestyle="--")
plt.show()

散點圖：

print("散點圖")
fig = plt.figure()
ax = Axes3D(fig)
for c,m,zlow,zhigh in [("r","o",0,8),("b","^",7,15)]:
    x = np.random.uniform(0,10,100)
    y = np.random.uniform(0,10,100)
    z = np.random.uniform(zlow,zhigh,100)
    ax.scatter(x,y,z,color=c,marker=m)
plt.show()

表面圖：

print("表面圖")
fig = plt.figure()
ax = Axes3D(fig)

arr1 = np.array([1,2,3])
arr2 = np.array([4,5])
np.meshgrid(arr1,arr2)  #(1,5) (2,5) (3,5) (1.4) (2.4) (3,4)
print(np.meshgrid(arr1,arr2))

x = np.arange(-5,5,0.25)
y = np.arange(-5,5,0.25)
x,y = np.meshgrid(x,y)
r = np.sqrt(x**2+y**2)
z = np.sin(r)
ax.plot_surface(x,y,z,rstride=5,cstride=5,cmap="rainbow") #cmap是顏色
plt.show()

將一個2D圖變成3D：

print("2D圖畫在3D圖上")
fig = plt.figure()
ax = Axes3D(fig)

x = np.arange(0,20,0.5)
y = np.sin(x)
# !!!! plt.畫圖函數（二維），ax.畫圖函數(三維)
plt.plot(x,y)
plt.show()

ax.plot(x,y,zs=0,zdir="y",color="orange")  #zdir：把某個軸的值變成z軸
plt.show()

for c,z in zip(["r","y","b","g"],[30,20,10,0]):
    ax.plot(x,y,zs = z,zdir="y" ,color=c)
plt.show()

print("柱狀圖2D轉3D")
fig = plt.figure()
ax = Axes3D(fig)
x = np.arange(0,7)
y = np.random.uniform(2,20,7)
for c,z in zip(["r","y","b","g"],[30,20,10,0]):
    ax.bar(x,y,z,zdir="y",color=c,alpha=0.8)
plt.xlabel("X")
plt.ylabel("Y")
ax.set_zlabel("Z")
plt.show()

用matplotlib畫動態圖：

print("用matplotlib畫動態圖")
plt.ion()
plt.show()
x = np.random.uniform(0,10,100)
y = np.random.uniform(0,10,100)
for c in ["r","y","b","g"]:
    plt.scatter(x,y,color=c)
    plt.pause(1)  #表示時間間隔，單位是秒
plt.ioff()
plt.show()

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