Spring Boot入門教程(三):HelloWorld

1. 在http://start.spring.io/中生成一個空的項目, 並使用IDEA 打開Open

2. 添加SpringMVC依賴

pom.xml中只有spring-boot-starter(核心模塊，包括自動配置支持、日誌和YAML)和spring-boot-starter-test(測試模塊，包括JUnit、Hamcrest、Mockito)兩個依賴, 現在添加spring-boot-starter-web來集成SpringMVC功能

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>

3. HelloWorldController

@RestController
public class HelloWorldController {

    @RequestMapping("/hello")
    public String index() {
        return "Spring Boot Hello World!";
    }
}

4. 運行main方法並訪問http://localhost:8080/index

注意：Spring Boot在啓動時會加載groupId.artifactId包下的所有組件，這裏由於在創建項目時沒有添加web依賴，生成的項目在resources下沒有static、templates兩個目錄

5.單元測試：DemoApplicationTests

package com.example.demo;

import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders;

import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.equalTo;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.content;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.status;


@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class DemoApplicationTests {

    private MockMvc mvc;

    @Before
    public void setUp() throws Exception {
        mvc = MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(new HelloWorldController()).build();
    }

    @Test
    public void testHello() throws Exception {
        mvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/hello").accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON))
        .andExpect(status().isOk())
        .andExpect(content().string(equalTo("Spring Boot Hello World!")));
    }
}

6. Spring MVC 的幾個示例

public class User {
    private Long id;
    private String name;
    private Integer age;

    // Getter & Setter
}    

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/users")
public class HelloWorldController {
    // 創建一個線程安全的Map集合
    static Map<Long, User> userMap = Collections.synchronizedMap(new HashMap<>());

    @RequestMapping("/hello")
    public String index() {
        return "Spring Boot Hello World!";
    }


    @RequestMapping(value = "/", method = RequestMethod.POST)
    public String addUser(@ModelAttribute User user){
        System.out.println(user.toString());
        userMap.put(user.getId(), user);

        return "success";
    }


    // http://localhost:8080/users/?page=1&size=10
    @RequestMapping(value = "/", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public List<User> getUserList(@RequestParam(required = false) Integer page, @RequestParam(required = false) Integer size){
        System.out.println("page=" + page + " ,size=" + size);
        List<User> users = new ArrayList<>(userMap.values());
        return users;
    }

    @RequestMapping(value = "/{id}", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public User getUser(@PathVariable Long id) {
        return userMap.get(id);
    }

    @RequestMapping(value = "/{id}", method = RequestMethod.PUT)
    public String updateUser(@PathVariable Long id, @ModelAttribute User user){
        User user1 = userMap.get(id);
        user1.setName(user.getName());
        user1.setAge(user.getAge());

        userMap.put(id, user1);
        return "success";
    }

    @RequestMapping(value = "/{id}", method = RequestMethod.DELETE)
    public String deleteUser(@PathVariable Long id) {
        userMap.remove(id);

        return "success";
    }
}

DemoApplicationTests

import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.equalTo;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.delete;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.get;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.post;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.put;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.content;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.status;


@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class DemoApplicationTests {

    private MockMvc mvc;

    @Before
    public void setUp() throws Exception {
        mvc = MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(new HelloWorldController()).build();
    }

    @Test
    public void testHello() throws Exception {
        mvc.perform(get("/hello").accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON))
                .andExpect(status().isOk())
                .andExpect(content().string(equalTo("Spring Boot Hello World!")));
    }

    @Test
    public void testUserApi() throws Exception{
        RequestBuilder request = null;

        // get 獲取所有用戶列表
        request = get("/users/");
        mvc.perform(request).andExpect(status().isOk())
                .andExpect(content().string(equalTo("[]")));

        // post 添加用戶
        request = post("/users/")
            .param("id", "1")
            .param("name", "mengday")
            .param("age", "20");
        mvc.perform(request).andExpect(content().string(equalTo("success")));

        // get get all users
        request = get("/users/");
        mvc.perform(request).andExpect(content().string(equalTo("[{\"id\":1,\"name\":\"mengday\",\"age\":20}]")));


        // put 更新用戶
        request = put("/users/1")
                .param("name", "mengday")
                .param("age", "28");
        mvc.perform(request).andExpect(content().string(equalTo("success")));

        // 查看某個用戶的信息
        request = get("/users/1");
        mvc.perform(request).andExpect(content().string(equalTo("{\\\"id\\\":1,\\\"name\\\":\\\"mengday\\\",\\\"age\\\":28}")));

        // 刪除用戶信息
        request = delete("/users/1");
        mvc.perform(request).andExpect(content().string(equalTo("success")));

        request = get("/users/");
        mvc.perform(request).andExpect(status().isOk()).andExpect(content().string(equalTo("[]")));
    }
}

7. 注意

在Application中有一個註解：@SpringBootApplication，在ApplicationTest中有一個註解：@SpringBootTest

單元個測試在測試數據庫的時候如果不想造成垃圾數據，可以開啓事物功能，可以在方法或者類頭部添加@Transactional註解即可。
這樣測試完數據就會回滾了，不會造成垃圾數據。如果你想關閉回滾，只要加上@Rollback(false)註解即可。@Rollback表示事務執行完回滾，支持傳入一個參數value，默認true即回滾，false不回滾。

如果你使用的數據庫是Mysql，有時候會發現加了註解@Transactional 也不會回滾，那麼你就要查看一下你的默認引擎是不是InnoDB，如果不是就要改成InnoDB。

ALTER TABLE user ENGINE=INNODB;

原文鏈接：https://blog.csdn.net/vbirdbest/article/details/79604139