HttpClient連接池及重試機制

(一)HttpClient

  • 簡介

HttpClient 是Apache Jakarta Common 下的子項目,可以用來提供高效的、最新的、功能豐富的支持 HTTP 協議的客戶端編程工具包,基於標準的java語言。

  • 功能介紹

  1. 支持HTTP和HTTPS協議
  2. 實現了HTTP的方法,GET,POST,PUT,DELETE等方法。
  3. 連接管理器支持多線程的應用。
  4. 可以設置連接超時
  • 使用方法

使用HttpClient發送請求,接收響應可以分爲一下幾步:

  1. 創建HttpClient對象
  2. 創建請求方法的實例,並且指定URL
  3. 發送請求參數,GET請求和POST請求發送參數的方式有所不同
  4. 調用HttpClient對象的execute方法,返回HttpResponse對象
  5. 調用HttpResponse的getAllHeaders()、getHeaders(String name)等方法可獲取服務器的響應頭;調用HttpResponse的getEntity()方法可獲取HttpEntity對象,該對象包裝了服務器的響應內容
  6. 連接釋放。無論成功與否,必須釋放連接

(二) HttpClientUtil

2.1 HttpClient版本

筆者用到的版本是4.5.5,由於是maven工程,需要在pom文件引入對應的座標。

<dependency>  
   <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>  			 	
   <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>  					 	
   <version>4.5.5</version>
</dependency>

2.2 項目中用到的工具類如下

package cn.htjc.customer.util;

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.client.ServiceUnavailableRetryStrategy;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.client.utils.URIBuilder;
import org.apache.http.config.Registry;
import org.apache.http.config.RegistryBuilder;
import org.apache.http.conn.socket.ConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.conn.socket.PlainConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.TrustSelfSignedStrategy;
import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpRequestRetryHandler;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.impl.conn.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.protocol.HttpContext;
import org.apache.http.ssl.SSLContextBuilder;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.SocketTimeoutException;
import java.net.URI;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

@Slf4j
public class HttpClientUtil {

    // utf-8字符編碼
    private static final String CHARSET_UTF_8 = "utf-8";

    // HTTP內容類型。相當於form表單的形式,提交數據
    private static final String CONTENT_TYPE_FORM_URL = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded";

    // 連接管理器
    private static PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager pool;

    // 請求配置
    private static RequestConfig requestConfig;

    static {

        try {
            log.info("初始自定義HttpClient......開始");
            SSLContextBuilder builder = new SSLContextBuilder();
            builder.loadTrustMaterial(null, new TrustSelfSignedStrategy());
            SSLConnectionSocketFactory sslsf = new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(builder.build());
            // 配置同時支持 HTTP 和 HTPPS
            Registry<ConnectionSocketFactory> socketFactoryRegistry = RegistryBuilder.<ConnectionSocketFactory>create()
                    .register("http", PlainConnectionSocketFactory.getSocketFactory())
                    .register("https", sslsf).build();
            // 初始化連接管理器
            pool = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager(
                    socketFactoryRegistry);
            // 設置連接池的最大連接數
            pool.setMaxTotal(200);
            // 設置每個路由上的默認連接個數  
            pool.setDefaultMaxPerRoute(20);
            // 根據默認超時限制初始化requestConfig

            // 客戶端從服務器讀取數據的timeout
            int socketTimeout = 1000;
            // 客戶端和服務器建立連接的timeout
            int connectTimeout = 10000;
            // 從連接池獲取連接的timeout
            int connectionRequestTimeout = 10000;
            //設置請求超時時間
            requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom().setConnectionRequestTimeout(
                    connectionRequestTimeout).setSocketTimeout(socketTimeout).setConnectTimeout(
                    connectTimeout).build();
            log.info("初始自定義HttpClient......結束");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("初始自定義HttpClient......失敗");
        }


    }

    private HttpClientUtil() {
    }


    private static CloseableHttpClient getHttpClient() {

		// 狀態碼是503的時候,該策略生效
        ServiceUnavailableRetryStrategy serviceUnavailableRetryStrategy = new ServiceUnavailableRetryStrategy() {
            @Override
            public boolean retryRequest(HttpResponse httpResponse, int i, HttpContext httpContext) {
                if (i < 3) {
                    log.info("ServiceUnavailableRetryStrategy========================"+i);
                    return true;
                }
                return false;
            }

            @Override
            public long getRetryInterval() {
                return 2000L;
            }
        };

        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.custom()
                // 設置連接池管理
                .setConnectionManager(pool)
                // 設置請求配置
                .setDefaultRequestConfig(requestConfig)
                // 設置重試次數
                .setRetryHandler(new DefaultHttpRequestRetryHandler())
                .setServiceUnavailableRetryStrategy(serviceUnavailableRetryStrategy)
                .build();
        return httpClient;
    }

    public static String doGet(String url, Map<String, String> param) {

        // 創建Httpclient對象
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = getHttpClient();
        String resultString = "";
        CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
        try {
            // 創建uri
            URIBuilder builder = new URIBuilder(url);
            if (param != null) {
                for (String key : param.keySet()) {
                    builder.addParameter(key, param.get(key));
                }
            }
            URI uri = builder.build();

            // 創建http GET請求
            HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(uri);

            // 執行請求
            response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
            // 判斷返回狀態是否爲200
            if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200) {
                resultString = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), CHARSET_UTF_8);
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                if (response != null) {
                    response.close();
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        return resultString;
    }

    public static String doGet(String url) {
        return doGet(url, null);
    }

    public static String doPost(String url, Map<String, String> param) {
        // 創建Httpclient對象
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = getHttpClient();
        CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
        String resultString = "";
        try {
            // 創建Http Post請求
            HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
            // 創建參數列表
            if (param != null) {
                List<NameValuePair> paramList = new ArrayList<>();
                for (String key : param.keySet()) {
                    paramList.add(new BasicNameValuePair(key, param.get(key)));
                }
                // 模擬表單
                UrlEncodedFormEntity entity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(paramList, CHARSET_UTF_8);
                entity.setContentType(CONTENT_TYPE_FORM_URL);
                httpPost.setEntity(entity);
            }
            // 執行http請求main
            response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
            resultString = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), CHARSET_UTF_8);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                if (response != null) {
                    response.close();
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        return resultString;
    }

    public static String doPost(String url) {
        return doPost(url, null);
    }

    public static String doPostJson(String url, String json) {
        // 創建Httpclient對象
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = getHttpClient();
        CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
        String resultString = "";
        try {
            // 創建Http Post請求
            HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
            // 創建請求內容
            StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(json, ContentType.APPLICATION_JSON);
            httpPost.setEntity(entity);
            // 執行http請求
            response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
            resultString = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), CHARSET_UTF_8);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                if (response != null) {
                    response.close();
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        return resultString;
    }

}

代碼中出現了@Slf4j,作用是引入log,手動打印日誌。這個註解是lombok的註解。
解釋一下,什麼是Route?
Route的概念可以理解爲客戶端機器到目標機器的一條線路,例如使用HttpClient的實現來分別請求 www.163.com 的資源和 www.sina.com 的資源就會產生兩個route。缺省條件下對於每個Route,HttpClient僅維護2個連接,總數不超過20個連接。

2.3 筆者着重說一下http連接池。

  • 1 爲什麼要使用http連接池?

    • 延遲降低,如果不使用連接池,每次發起的http請求都會重新建立tcp連接(三次握手),用完就會關閉連接(4次握手),採用連接池則會減少這不是分時間的消耗。連接池管理的對象都是長連接。

    • 支持更大的併發,由於連接池只適用於請求經常訪問同一主機(或同一端口的情況),連接池避免了反覆建立連接,搶佔端口資源的情況,如果沒用連接池,可能導致連接建立不了。

  • 2 設置超時時間

    首先要明白三個概念:socketTimeout,connectTimeout,connectionRequestTimeout。

    socketTimeout:客戶端和服務器讀取數據的timeout

    connectTimeout:客戶端和服務器建立連接的timeout

    connectionRequestTimeout:從連接池獲取連接的timeout

  • 3 解釋:一次http請求
    一次http請求,必定會有三個階段,一:建立連接;二:數據傳送;三,斷開連接。
    當建立連接在規定的時間內(ConnectionTimeOut )沒有完成,那麼此次連接就結束了。後續的SocketTimeOutException就一定不會發生。只有當連接建立起來後,
    也就是沒有發生ConnectionTimeOutException ,纔會開始傳輸數據,如果數據在規定的時間內(SocketTimeOut)傳輸完畢,則斷開連接。否則,觸發SocketTimeOutException。

(三) HttpClient的重試機制

上面說了這麼多,就是爲了引出下面的重試問題。由於項目中要訪問外部接口,訪問接口的時候,偶爾會出現SocketTimeOutException:Read timed out,其實就是客戶端讀取服務器的數據超時了。

3.1. 那麼問題來了HttpClient有沒有重試策略?

使用PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager得到的InternalHttpClient實例,是抽象類CloseableHttpClient的一個實現。

看一下ClientExecChain接口的實現類
在這裏插入圖片描述
​ 簡單看一下build()方法

public CloseableHttpClient build() {
    // 省略一些代碼  
    // 添加MainClientExec
    ClientExecChain execChain = this.createMainExec(requestExecCopy, (HttpClientConnectionManager)connManagerCopy, (ConnectionReuseStrategy)reuseStrategyCopy, (ConnectionKeepAliveStrategy)keepAliveStrategyCopy, new ImmutableHttpProcessor(new HttpRequestInterceptor[]{new RequestTargetHost(), new RequestUserAgent(userAgentCopy)}), (AuthenticationStrategy)targetAuthStrategyCopy, (AuthenticationStrategy)proxyAuthStrategyCopy, (UserTokenHandler)userTokenHandlerCopy);
    execChain = this.decorateMainExec(execChain);
    // 添加ProtocolExec
    ClientExecChain execChain = new ProtocolExec(execChain, httpprocessorCopy);
    ClientExecChain execChain = this.decorateProtocolExec(execChain);
    // Add request retry executor, if not disabled
    if (!automaticRetriesDisabled) {
            HttpRequestRetryHandler retryHandlerCopy = this.retryHandler;
            if (retryHandlerCopy == null) {
                retryHandlerCopy = DefaultHttpRequestRetryHandler.INSTANCE;
            }
            execChain = new RetryExec(execChain, retryHandlerCopy);
        } 
    // 省去部分代碼
    // 如果不爲空,添加ServiceUnavailableRetryExec
    ServiceUnavailableRetryStrategy serviceUnavailStrategyCopy = this.serviceUnavailStrategy;
        if (serviceUnavailStrategyCopy != null) {
            execChain = new ServiceUnavailableRetryExec((ClientExecChain)execChain, serviceUnavailStrategyCopy);
        }
    
    // 添加RedirectExec
    if (!this.redirectHandlingDisabled) {
            authSchemeRegistryCopy = this.redirectStrategy;
            if (authSchemeRegistryCopy == null) {
                authSchemeRegistryCopy = DefaultRedirectStrategy.INSTANCE;
            }

            execChain = new RedirectExec((ClientExecChain)execChain, (HttpRoutePlanner)routePlannerCopy, (RedirectStrategy)authSchemeRegistryCopy);
        }
   // 省去部分代碼 
    return new InternalHttpClient((ClientExecChain)execChain, (HttpClientConnectionManager)connManagerCopy, (HttpRoutePlanner)routePlannerCopy, cookieSpecRegistryCopy, (Lookup)authSchemeRegistryCopy, (CookieStore)defaultCookieStore, (CredentialsProvider)defaultCredentialsProvider, this.defaultRequestConfig != null ? this.defaultRequestConfig : RequestConfig.DEFAULT, closeablesCopy);
}

​ 自上而下,創建了不同的ClientExecChain實例。注意:創建對象的順序就是執行器鏈的順序

在構造CloseableHttpClient實例的時候,判斷是否關閉了自動重試功能,automaticRetriesDisabled默認是false。如果沒有指定執行器鏈,就用RetryExec。默認的重試策略是DefaultHttpRequestRetryHandler。

如果重寫了ServiceUnavailableRetryStrategy接口,或者使用了DefaultServiceUnavailableRetryStrategy,ServiceUnavailableRetryExec也會加入到執行器鏈裏。

同理,redirectHandlingDisabled默認是false,RedirectExec也會加入到執行器鏈,並且會最先執行。

3.2 執行流程

前面已經看到我們使用的HttiClient本質上是InternalHttpClient,這裏看下他的執行發送數據的方法。

 @Override
    protected CloseableHttpResponse doExecute(
            final HttpHost target,
            final HttpRequest request,
            final HttpContext context) throws IOException, ClientProtocolException {
            //省略一些代碼            
        return this.execChain.execute(route, wrapper, localcontext, execAware);
        }
    }

首先經過RedirectExec,RedirectExec裏面調用ServiceUnavailableRetryExec的excute(),進入ServiceUnavailableRetryExec後,調用RetryExec的excute(),進入發到RetryExec後,調用ProtocolExec的execute(),最後調用MainClientExec的excute()。

執行器鏈結束後,執行HttpRequestExecutor的excute(),excute()方法調用了自己的doSendRequest()。

之後一步一步的返回,遇到異常進行處理。

下面是RetryExec發送請求的部分

public CloseableHttpResponse execute(HttpRoute route, 
 									 HttpRequestWrapper request, 
 									 HttpClientContext context, 	 
 									 HttpExecutionAware execAware) throws IOException, HttpException {
        // 參數檢驗
        Args.notNull(route, "HTTP route");
        Args.notNull(request, "HTTP request");
        Args.notNull(context, "HTTP context");
        // 獲取請求頭的全部信息
        Header[] origheaders = request.getAllHeaders();
        // 初始化請求次數爲1
        int execCount = 1;

        while(true) {
            try {
            	// 調用基礎executor執行http請求
                return this.requestExecutor.execute(route, request, context, execAware);
            } catch (IOException var9) {
               // 發生IO異常的時候,判斷上下文是否已經中斷,如果中斷則拋異常退出
                if (execAware != null && execAware.isAborted()) {
                    this.log.debug("Request has been aborted");
                    throw var9;
                }
				// 根據重試策略,判斷當前執行狀況是否要重試,如果是則進入下面邏輯
                if (!this.retryHandler.retryRequest(var9, execCount, context)) {
                    if (var9 instanceof NoHttpResponseException) {
                        NoHttpResponseException updatedex = new NoHttpResponseException(route.getTargetHost().toHostString() + " failed to respond");
                        updatedex.setStackTrace(var9.getStackTrace());
                        throw updatedex;
                    }

                    throw var9;
                }
				// 日誌
                if (this.log.isInfoEnabled()) {
                    this.log.info("I/O exception (" + var9.getClass().getName() + ") caught when processing request to " + route + ": " + var9.getMessage());
                }
				// 日誌
                if (this.log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                    this.log.debug(var9.getMessage(), var9);
                }
				// 判斷當前請求是否可以重複發起
                if (!RequestEntityProxy.isRepeatable(request)) {
                    this.log.debug("Cannot retry non-repeatable request");
                    throw new NonRepeatableRequestException("Cannot retry request with a non-repeatable request entity", var9);
                }
				
				// 設置請求頭	
                request.setHeaders(origheaders);
                // 日誌
                if (this.log.isInfoEnabled()) {
                    this.log.info("Retrying request to " + route);
                }

                ++execCount;
            }
        }
    }

當發生IOException,判斷是否要重試。如果重試則記錄相應的次數,如果不重試,就拋出異常並且退出。

	//單例模式 final 不可變的對象,線程安全
    public static final DefaultHttpRequestRetryHandler INSTANCE = new DefaultHttpRequestRetryHandler();

    //重試次數
    private final int retryCount;

    //如果一個請求發送成功過,是否還會被再次發送
    private final boolean requestSentRetryEnabled;

	// 不允許重試的異常類
    private final Set<Class<? extends IOException>> nonRetriableClasses;

	// 默認重試3次,請求發送成功,不在發送
    public DefaultHttpRequestRetryHandler() {
        this(3, false);
    }
    public DefaultHttpRequestRetryHandler(final int retryCount, final boolean requestSentRetryEnabled) {
        this(retryCount, requestSentRetryEnabled, Arrays.asList(
                InterruptedIOException.class,
                UnknownHostException.class,
                ConnectException.class,
                SSLException.class));
    }
    protected DefaultHttpRequestRetryHandler(
            final int retryCount,
            final boolean requestSentRetryEnabled,
            final Collection<Class<? extends IOException>> clazzes) {
        super();
        this.retryCount = retryCount;
        this.requestSentRetryEnabled = requestSentRetryEnabled;
        this.nonRetriableClasses = new HashSet<Class<? extends IOException>>();
        for (final Class<? extends IOException> clazz: clazzes) {
            this.nonRetriableClasses.add(clazz);
        }
    }

通過構造函數,可以看出:

  1. 重試3次
  2. 請求成功,就不再重試
  3. InterruptedIOException、UnknownHostException、ConnectException、SSLException,發生這4種異常不重試
public boolean retryRequest(IOException exception, 
                            int executionCount, 
                            HttpContext context) {  
     // 參數校驗                         
     Args.notNull(exception, "Exception parameter");    
     Args.notNull(context, "HTTP context");   
     // 如果執行次數大於重試次數,則不在進行重試 
	 if (executionCount > this.retryCount) {        
     		return false;  
     		// 如果是上面規定的4種異常,則不進行重試  
     } else if (this.nonRetriableClasses.contains(exception.getClass())) {        
     		return false;    
     } else {        
     		Iterator i$ = this.nonRetriableClasses.iterator();        
     		Class rejectException;        
     		do {            
     			if (!i$.hasNext()) {                
     			HttpClientContext clientContext = HttpClientContext.adapt(context);                		   
     			HttpRequest  request = clientContext.getRequest();  
     			// 判斷當前請求是否被停止              
     			if (this.requestIsAborted(request)) {                    
     					return false;                
     			}        
     			// 判斷請求是否是冪等請求,get是冪等請求,post/put都是非冪等請求        
     			if (this.handleAsIdempotent(request)) {                    
     					return true;                
     			}      
     			// 根據上下文判斷是否發送成功,或者根據狀態是否可以重複發送          
     			if (clientContext.isRequestSent() && !this.requestSentRetryEnabled) {                    
     					return false;                
     			}                
     			return true;            
     			}            
     			rejectException = (Class)i$.next();        
     		} while(!rejectException.isInstance(exception));   /// 如果是上面規定的集中異常的子類,退出循環
     		return false;    
       }
    }

​ 關於默認的重試策略

  1. 如果超過三次不進行重試
  2. 以上4中異常及其子類不進行重試
  3. 同一個請求在異步任務中已經停止,不進行重試
  4. 冪等的方法可以進行重試,比如get,含有http body都可以認爲是非冪等
  5. 請求沒有發送成功,可以進行重試

問題來了,發送成功的請求是怎麼樣的?
下面的代碼在HttpCoreContext裏面,HttpCoreContext是HttpContext的實現類

  public static final String HTTP_REQ_SENT    = "http.request_sent";

    public boolean isRequestSent() {
        final Boolean b = getAttribute(HTTP_REQ_SENT, Boolean.class);
        return b != null && b.booleanValue();
    }

當前httpContext中的http.request_sent設置爲true,則認爲已經發送成功。

HttpRequestExecutor的excute(),調用了自己的doSendRequest()。

protected HttpResponse doSendRequest(HttpRequest request, 
									 HttpClientConnection conn, 
									 HttpContext context) throws IOException, HttpException {
        // 參數檢驗
        Args.notNull(request, "HTTP request");
        Args.notNull(conn, "Client connection");
        Args.notNull(context, "HTTP context");
        HttpResponse response = null;
        // 將連接放入上下文
        context.setAttribute("http.connection", conn);
        // 在請求發送之前,將http.request_sent放入上下文context的屬性中,值爲false
        context.setAttribute("http.request_sent", Boolean.FALSE);
        // 將request的header放入連接中
        conn.sendRequestHeader(request);
        // 如果是post/put這種有body的請求,要先進行判斷
        if (request instanceof HttpEntityEnclosingRequest) {
            boolean sendentity = true;
            // 獲取http協議版本號
            ProtocolVersion ver = request.getRequestLine().getProtocolVersion();
            // 滿足100-continue,並且http協議不是1.0
            if (((HttpEntityEnclosingRequest)request).expectContinue() && !ver.lessEquals(HttpVersion.HTTP_1_0)) {
            	// 刷新當前連接,發送數據
                conn.flush();
                // Checks if response data is available from the connection
                if (conn.isResponseAvailable(this.waitForContinue)) {
                	// Receives the request line and headers of the next response available from this connection.
                    response = conn.receiveResponseHeader();
                    // 判斷相應是否攜帶實體(是否有body)
                    if (this.canResponseHaveBody(request, response)) {
                    	// Receives the next response entity available from this connection and attaches it to an existing HttpResponse object.
                        conn.receiveResponseEntity(response);
                    }
					// 獲取請求狀態碼
                    int status = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
                    if (status < 200) {
                        if (status != 100) {
                            throw new ProtocolException("Unexpected response: " + response.getStatusLine());
                        }
                        response = null;
                    } else {
                        sendentity = false;
                    }
                }
            }

            if (sendentity) {
            	// 通過連接發送請求實體
                conn.sendRequestEntity((HttpEntityEnclosingRequest)request);
            }
        }
		// Writes out all pending buffered data over the open connection.
        conn.flush();
        // 將http.request_sent置爲true
        context.setAttribute("http.request_sent", Boolean.TRUE);
        return response;
    }

判斷是否攜帶實體的方法

protected boolean canResponseHaveBody(HttpRequest request, HttpResponse response) {
        // 如果是head請求,返回false  HEAD:只請求頁面首部
        if ("HEAD".equalsIgnoreCase(request.getRequestLine().getMethod())) {
            return false;
        } else {
            int status = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
            return status >= 200 && status != 204 && status != 304 && status != 205;
        }
    }

注:HttpEntityEnclosingRequest是一個接口

public interface HttpEntityEnclosingRequest extends HttpRequest {
    // 詢問Server是否願意接收數據
    boolean expectContinue();

    //  設置httpEntity  
    void setEntity(HttpEntity entity);

	// 獲取httpEntity
    HttpEntity getEntity();
}

HttpEntityEnclosingRequestBase是實現HttpEntityEnclosingRequest的抽象類

public abstract class HttpEntityEnclosingRequestBase extends HttpRequestBase implements HttpEntityEnclosingRequest {
   
    // HttpEntity其實相當於一個消息實體,內容是http傳送的報文,有多個實現類,常用StringEntity
    private HttpEntity entity;

    public HttpEntityEnclosingRequestBase() {
    }

    public HttpEntity getEntity() {
        return this.entity;
    }

    public void setEntity(HttpEntity entity) {
        this.entity = entity;
    }

 	// 判斷此請求是否應使用expect-continue
    public boolean expectContinue() {
       // 從請求頭獲取Except鍵值對	
        Header expect = this.getFirstHeader("Expect");
        // 如果except不爲空,並且內容是 100-continue時返回true
        return expect != null && "100-continue".equalsIgnoreCase(expect.getValue());
    }

    public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        HttpEntityEnclosingRequestBase clone = (HttpEntityEnclosingRequestBase)super.clone();
        if (this.entity != null) {
            clone.entity = (HttpEntity)CloneUtils.cloneObject(this.entity);
        }

        return clone;
    }
}

下圖可以看出,HttpPost和HttpPut是HttpEntityEnclosingRequestBase的子類
在這裏插入圖片描述
簡要分析一下,上述的操作過程

  1. 開始將http.request_sent設置爲false
  2. 通過流flush數據到客戶端
  3. 然後將http.request_sent設置爲true

顯然conn.flush()是可以發生異常的。注意:conn都是從連接池獲取的。

3.3 關閉重試

默認是開啓重試的,可以在創建HttpClientBuilder的時候,調用下面的方法關閉。

public final HttpClientBuilder disableAutomaticRetries() {
        this.automaticRetriesDisabled = true;
        return this;
    }

(四)總結

4.1重試發生的條件

  1. 只有發生IOException纔會發生重試
  2. InterruptedIOException、UnknownHostException、ConnectException、SSLException,發生這4種異常不重試
  3. get方法可以重試3次,post方法對應的socket流沒有被flush成功時可以重試3次

4.2不發生重試的異常

  1. InterruptedIOException,線程中斷異常
  2. UnknownHostException,找不到對應host
  3. ConnectException,找到了host但是建立連接失敗。
  4. SSLException,https認證異常

4.3 實踐中遇到的異常

另外,我們還經常會提到兩種超時,連接超時與讀超時:
1. java.net.SocketTimeoutException: Read timed out
2. java.net.SocketTimeoutException: connect timed out
這兩種超時都是SocketTimeoutException,繼承自InterruptedIOException,屬於線程中斷異常,不會進行重試。

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