2.1.1版本Spring-cloud + Dubbo + Nacos初試

一、主要組件

  • Nacos 服務註冊與發現、配置中心
  • Dubbo 分佈式服務框架

版本選擇:2.1.1

二、項目架構

如圖:

  • common-api : 存放 Dubbo 服務接口和模型定義
  • provider : 服務提供者
  • consumer : 服務消費者

三、項目搭建

1、創建父工程spring-cloud-alibaba-example

  1. 新建項目 file -> new project ..創建一個springboot項目
  2. 刪除多餘文件,只留下pom文件
  3. 修改pom文件,進行依賴版本管理
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.mlj</groupId>
    <artifactId>snapup</artifactId>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>snapup</name>

    <modules>
        <module>consumer</module>
        <module>provider</module>
        <module>common-api</module>
    </modules>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <spring-boot.version>2.1.1.RELEASE</spring-boot.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.SR5</spring-cloud.version>
        <spring-cloud-alibaba.version>2.1.1.RELEASE</spring-cloud-alibaba.version>
        <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
    </properties>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <!--springboot-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-boot.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <!--spring cloud-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <!--spring cloud ali-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud-alibaba.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <dependencies>
        <!--Lombok-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <finalName>${project.name}</finalName>
        <resources>
            <resource>
                <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
                <filtering>true</filtering>
            </resource>
        </resources>
        <pluginManagement>
            <plugins>
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>${spring-boot.version}</version>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </pluginManagement>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.8.0</version>
                <configuration>
                    <target>${maven.compiler.target}</target>
                    <source>${maven.compiler.source}</source>
                    <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
                    <skip>true</skip>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

    <repositories>
        <repository>
            <id>spring-milestones</id>
            <name>Spring Milestones</name>
            <url>https://repo.spring.io/libs-milestone</url>
            <snapshots>
                <enabled>false</enabled>
            </snapshots>
        </repository>
    </repositories>
</project>

2、創建common-api

存放 Dubbo 服務接口和模型定義

  1. 創建module,普通maven項目
  2. 創建接口和dto

SnaPupService:

public interface SnaPupService {

    /**
     * 接口
     *
     * @param s
     * @return
     */
    Result get(String s);
}

Result:

@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class Result implements Serializable {
    private String data;
}

pom:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <parent>
        <groupId>com.mlj</groupId>
        <artifactId>snapup</artifactId>
        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>

    <artifactId>common-api</artifactId>
</project>

3、nacos創建相關配置 

需要提前下載安裝nacos,官方文檔:https://nacos.io/zh-cn/docs/quick-start.html

  1.  創建命名空間

2.添加provider和consumer配置

4、創建服務提供者 provider

  1. 創建module 選擇創建springboot項目
  2. 修改pom,引入相關依賴,如下
  3. 修改配置文件爲bootstrap.yml yml格式,如下
  4. 啓動類添加@EnableDubbo註解,開啓註解Dubbo功能;添加@EnableDiscoveryClient註解,進行服務註冊
  5. 創建SnaPupServiceImpl實現common-api的接口,完善接口功能,SnaPupServiceImpl類上需要@Service註解(org.apache.dubbo.config.annotation.Service)暴露服務
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <parent>
        <groupId>com.mlj</groupId>
        <artifactId>snapup</artifactId>
        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>

    <artifactId>provider</artifactId>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.mlj</groupId>
            <artifactId>common-api</artifactId>
            <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- Spring Boot dependencies -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!--mysql-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        </dependency>


        <!--nacos相關-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-config</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!--dubbo依賴-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-dubbo</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

bootstrap.yml:

spring:
  application:
    name: @artifactId@
  cloud:
    nacos:
# nacos地址
      server-addr: ****
#服務註冊與發現
      discovery:
# group和命名空間
        group: SNAPUP_GROUP
        namespace: 725d62dc-11f8-451d-ac7e-04427536de08
#配置中心
      config:
        group: SNAPUP_GROUP
        namespace: 725d62dc-11f8-451d-ac7e-04427536de08
        file-extension: yaml
        enable-remote-sync-config: true

5、創建服務消費者 consumer

  1. 創建module 選擇創建springboot項目,如provider
  2. 修改pom,引入相關依賴,如provider
  3. 修改配置文件爲bootstrap.yml yml格式,如provider
  4. 啓動類添加@EnableDubbo註解,進行dubbo包掃描;添加@EnableDiscoveryClient註解,進行服務註冊,如provider
  5. 創建SnaPupController接口,使用@Reference註解注入common-api的接口 來引用服務,進行調用。@RefreshScope註解會實時刷新${user.name}配置信息
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/snaPup")
@RefreshScope
public class SnaPupController {

    @Reference
    private SnaPupService snaPupService;

    @Value("${user.name}")
    private String name;

    @GetMapping("/get")
    public Result get() {
        return snaPupService.get(name);
    }
}

  三、測試組件可用性

  1. 依此啓動provider、consumer服務

  2. 觀察nacos客戶端 ,可以看到剛啓動的兩個服務

  3. 請求接口http://localhost:8003/snaPup/get,訪問成功

 

四、問題與解決

1、警告信息:
Current application will subscribe all services(size:2) in registry, a lot of memory and CPU cycles may be used, thus it's strongly recommend you using the externalized property 'dubbo.cloud.subscribed-services' to specify the services

解決:dubbo.cloud.subscribed-services : provider 用於服務消費方訂閱服務提供方的應用名稱的列表,若需訂閱多應用,使用 "," 分割。不推薦使用默認值爲 "*",它將訂閱所有應用,默認訂閱所有應用。 

2、修改配置不會自動刷新

解決:通過 Spring Cloud 原生註解 @RefreshScope 實現配置自動更新,官方文檔有說明。https://nacos.io/zh-cn/docs/quick-start-spring-cloud.html

五、相關注解總結

@org.apache.dubbo.config.annotation.Service 暴露服務
@Reference 引用服務
@EnableDubbo 開啓註解Dubbo功能
@EnableDiscoveryClient 開啓服務註冊發現功能
@RefreshScope 實現配置自動更新

六、參考文檔

  1. nacos官方文檔 https://nacos.io/zh-cn/docs/quick-start-spring-cloud.html
  2. dubbo官方文檔 http://dubbo.apache.org/en-us/docs/user/quick-start.html
  3. dubbo相關 https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000018991721
  4. dubbo相關 https://www.jianshu.com/p/3090d63e9cb3

完整代碼見github: https://github.com/menglinjie/spring-cloud-alibaba-example

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