macOS 下 Python 开发环境搭建 -- 命令行初始化 Python 开发环境

• 环境说明

操作系统：
	macOS Catalina 10.15.4 
Python 版本：
	Python 3.8.2
终端：
	iterm 2

• 创建 Python 工作目录

➜  ~ mkdir -p python_workdir/pythontest

• 在 Python 项目目录中创建虚拟环境

➜  ~ cd python_workdir/pythontest
➜  pythontest python3.8 -m venv .env
➜  pythontest ls -la
total 0
drwxr-xr-x  3 zhanghaiquan  staff   96  4 18 19:01 .
drwxr-xr-x  3 zhanghaiquan  staff   96  4 18 19:00 ..
drwxr-xr-x  6 zhanghaiquan  staff  192  4 18 19:01 .env

• 激活虚拟环境

➜  pythontest pwd
/Users/zhanghaiquan/python_workdir/pythontest
➜  pythontest source .env/bin/activate

• 虚拟环境验证

(.env) ➜  pythontest python
Python 3.8.2 (v3.8.2:7b3ab5921f, Feb 24 2020, 17:52:18)
[Clang 6.0 (clang-600.0.57)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>>

• 退出 Python 环境

>>> exit()

• 退出虚拟环境

(.env) ➜  pythontest deactivate

• 进入虚拟环境

➜  pythontest source .env/bin/activate
(.env) ➜  pythontest

• 当前虚拟环境已安装环境查看

(.env) ➜  pythontest python -m pip list
Package    Version
---------- -------
pip        19.2.3
setuptools 41.2.0
WARNING: You are using pip version 19.2.3, however version 20.0.2 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command.

• 通过文件安装包 – 编写文件

(.env) ➜  pythontest echo "flask" >> request.txt
(.env) ➜  pythontest cat request.txt
flask

• 通过文件安装包 – 执行安装

(.env) ➜  pythontest python -m pip install -r request.txt

• 安装验证

(.env) ➜  pythontest python -m pip list