目錄
與SpringBoot整合實戰
1. 生產端
- publisher-confirms,實現一個監聽器用於監聽Broker端給我們返回的確認請求:RabbitTemplate.ConfirmCallback
- publisher-returns,保證消息對Broker端是可達的,如果出現路由鍵不可達的情況,則使用監聽器對不可達的消息進行後續的處理,保證消息的路由成功:RabbitTemplate.ReturnCallback
- 注意一點,在發送消息的時候對template進行配置mandatory=true保證監聽有效
- 生產端還可以配置其他屬性,比如發送重試,超時時間,次數,間隔等
2. 消費端
消費端核心配置:
##簽收模式-手工簽收
spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.acknowledge-mode=manual
##設置監聽限制:最大10,默認5
spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.concurrency=5
spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.max-concurrency=10
- 首先配置手工確認模式,用於ACK的手工處理,這樣我們可以保證消息的可靠性送達,或者再消費端消費失敗的時候可以做到重回隊列(不建議)、根據業務記錄日誌等處理。
- 可以設置消費端的監聽個數和最大個數,用於監控消費端的併發情況
@RabbitListener註解使用
- 消費端監聽@RabbitListener註解,這個對於在實際工作中非常的好用
- @RabbitListener是一個組合註解,裏面可以註解配置
- @QueueBinding、@Queue、@Exchange直接通過這個組合註解一次性搞定消費端交換機、隊列、綁定、路由、並且配置監聽功能等。
3. 代碼示例
3.1 pom文件 和消息實體
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
import java.io.Serializable;
public class Order implements Serializable {
private String id;
private String name;
public Order() {
}
public Order(String id, String name) {
super();
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
}
public String getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(String id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
}
3.2 生產者
application.properties
spring.rabbitmq.addresses=192.168.11.76:5672
spring.rabbitmq.username=guest
spring.rabbitmq.password=guest
spring.rabbitmq.virtual-host=/
spring.rabbitmq.connection-timeout=15000
spring.rabbitmq.publisher-confirms=true
spring.rabbitmq.publisher-returns=true
spring.rabbitmq.template.mandatory=true
- RabbitSender
import java.util.Map;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate.ConfirmCallback;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate.ReturnCallback;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.support.CorrelationData;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.messaging.Message;
import org.springframework.messaging.MessageHeaders;
import org.springframework.messaging.support.MessageBuilder;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import com.bfxy.springboot.entity.Order;
@Component
public class RabbitSender {
//自動注入RabbitTemplate模板類
@Autowired
private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
//回調函數: confirm確認
final ConfirmCallback confirmCallback = new RabbitTemplate.ConfirmCallback() {
@Override
public void confirm(CorrelationData correlationData, boolean ack, String cause) {
System.err.println("correlationData: " + correlationData);
System.err.println("ack: " + ack);
if(!ack){
System.err.println("異常處理....");
}
}
};
//回調函數: return返回
final ReturnCallback returnCallback = new RabbitTemplate.ReturnCallback() {
@Override
public void returnedMessage(org.springframework.amqp.core.Message message, int replyCode, String replyText,
String exchange, String routingKey) {
System.err.println("return exchange: " + exchange + ", routingKey: "
+ routingKey + ", replyCode: " + replyCode + ", replyText: " + replyText);
}
};
//發送消息方法調用: 構建Message消息
public void send(Object message, Map<String, Object> properties) throws Exception {
MessageHeaders mhs = new MessageHeaders(properties);
Message msg = MessageBuilder.createMessage(message, mhs);
rabbitTemplate.setConfirmCallback(confirmCallback);
rabbitTemplate.setReturnCallback(returnCallback);
//id + 時間戳 全局唯一
CorrelationData correlationData = new CorrelationData("1234567890");
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("exchange-1", "springboot.abc", msg, correlationData);
}
//發送消息方法調用: 構建自定義對象消息
public void sendOrder(Order order) throws Exception {
rabbitTemplate.setConfirmCallback(confirmCallback);
rabbitTemplate.setReturnCallback(returnCallback);
//id + 時間戳 全局唯一
CorrelationData correlationData = new CorrelationData("0987654321");
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("exchange-2", "springboot.def", order, correlationData);
}
}
- 測試類
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
import com.bfxy.springboot.entity.Order;
import com.bfxy.springboot.producer.RabbitSender;
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class ApplicationTests {
@Test
public void contextLoads() {
}
@Autowired
private RabbitSender rabbitSender;
private static SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS");
@Test
public void testSender1() throws Exception {
Map<String, Object> properties = new HashMap<>();
properties.put("number", "12345");
properties.put("send_time", simpleDateFormat.format(new Date()));
rabbitSender.send("Hello RabbitMQ For Spring Boot!", properties);
}
@Test
public void testSender2() throws Exception {
Order order = new Order("001", "第一個訂單");
rabbitSender.sendOrder(order);
}
}
3.3 消費者
application.properties
spring.rabbitmq.addresses=192.168.11.76:5672
spring.rabbitmq.username=guest
spring.rabbitmq.password=guest
spring.rabbitmq.virtual-host=/
spring.rabbitmq.connection-timeout=15000
spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.acknowledge-mode=manual
spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.concurrency=5
spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.max-concurrency=10
spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.queue.name=queue-2
spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.queue.durable=true
spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.name=exchange-2
spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.durable=true
spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.type=topic
spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.ignoreDeclarationExceptions=true
spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.key=springboot.*
- RabbitReceiver
package com.bfxy.springboot.conusmer;
import java.util.Map;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Exchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Queue;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.QueueBinding;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitHandler;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.amqp.support.AmqpHeaders;
import org.springframework.messaging.Message;
import org.springframework.messaging.handler.annotation.Headers;
import org.springframework.messaging.handler.annotation.Payload;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
@Component
public class RabbitReceiver {
@RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(
value = @Queue(value = "queue-1",
durable="true"),
exchange = @Exchange(value = "exchange-1",
durable="true",
type= "topic",
ignoreDeclarationExceptions = "true"),
key = "springboot.*"
)
)
@RabbitHandler
public void onMessage(Message message, Channel channel) throws Exception {
System.err.println("--------------------------------------");
System.err.println("消費端Payload: " + message.getPayload());
Long deliveryTag = (Long)message.getHeaders().get(AmqpHeaders.DELIVERY_TAG);
//手工ACK
channel.basicAck(deliveryTag, false);
}
/**
*
* spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.queue.name=queue-2
spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.queue.durable=true
spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.name=exchange-1
spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.durable=true
spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.type=topic
spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.ignoreDeclarationExceptions=true
spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.key=springboot.*
* @param order
* @param channel
* @param headers
* @throws Exception
*/
@RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(
value = @Queue(value = "${spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.queue.name}",
durable="${spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.queue.durable}"),
exchange = @Exchange(value = "${spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.name}",
durable="${spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.durable}",
type= "${spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.type}",
ignoreDeclarationExceptions = "${spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.ignoreDeclarationExceptions}"),
key = "${spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.key}"
)
)
@RabbitHandler
public void onOrderMessage(@Payload com.bfxy.springboot.entity.Order order,
Channel channel,
@Headers Map<String, Object> headers) throws Exception {
System.err.println("--------------------------------------");
System.err.println("消費端order: " + order.getId());
Long deliveryTag = (Long)headers.get(AmqpHeaders.DELIVERY_TAG);
//手工ACK
channel.basicAck(deliveryTag, false);
}
}
與Spring Cloud Stream整合實戰
Spring Cloud,這個全家桶框架在整個中小型互聯網公司異常的火爆,那麼相對應的Spring Cloud Stream 就漸漸的被大家所重視起來,這一節課主要來介紹Spring Cloud Stream如何與RabbitMQ進行集成。
1. 架構介紹
- Destination Binder:包含自己的應用Application
- 左邊是RabbitMQ、右邊是Kafka。表示消息的生產與發送,可以是不同的消息中間件。這是Spring Cloud Stream 最上層的一個抽象。非常好的地方。
- 兩個比較重要的地方:inputs(輸入)消息接收端、outputs(輸出)消息發送端
- 一個 Spring Cloud Stream 應用以消息中間件爲核心,應用通過Spring Cloud Stream注入的輸入/輸出通道 channels 與外部進行通信。channels 通過特定的Binder實現與外部消息中間件進行通信。
- 黃色:表示RabbitMQ
- 綠色:插件,消息的輸入輸出都套了一層插件,插件可以用於各種各樣不同的消息,也可以用於消息中間件的替換。
2. 核心概念:
- Barista [bəˈri:stə] 接口:Barista接口是定義來作爲後面類的參數,這一接口定義來通道類型和通道名稱,
- 通道名稱是作爲配置用,
- 通道類型則決定了app會使用這一通道進行發送消息還是從中接收消息。
通道接口如何定義:
- @Output:輸出註解,用於定義發送消息接口
- @Input:輸入註解,用於定義消息的消費者接口
- @StreamListener:用於定義監聽方法的註解
使用Spring Cloud Stream 非常簡單,只需要使用好這3個註解即可,在實現高性能消息的生產和消費的場景非常合適,但是使用SpringCloudStream框架有一個非常大的問題,就是不能實現可靠性的投遞,也就是沒法保證消息的100%可靠性,會存在少量消息丟失的問題。
- 目前SpringCloudStream整合了RabbitMQ與Kafka,我們都知道Kafka是無法進行消息可靠性投遞的,這個原因是因爲SpringCloudStream框架爲了和Kafka兼顧所以在實際工作中使用它的目的就是針對高性能的消息通信的!這點就是在當前版本SpringCloudStream的定位。
- 因此在實際的工作中,可以採用SpringCloudStream,如果需要保證可靠性投遞,也可以單獨採用RabbitMQ,也是可以的。
3. 代碼示例
3.1 pom文件 和 消息實體
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-autoconfigure</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!--spring-cloud-starter-stream-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-stream-rabbit</artifactId>
<version>1.3.4.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
3.2 生產者
- application.properties
server.port=8001
server.servlet.context-path=/producer
spring.application.name=producer
spring.cloud.stream.bindings.output_channel.destination=exchange-3
spring.cloud.stream.bindings.output_channel.group=queue-3
spring.cloud.stream.bindings.output_channel.binder=rabbit_cluster
spring.cloud.stream.binders.rabbit_cluster.type=rabbit
spring.cloud.stream.binders.rabbit_cluster.environment.spring.rabbitmq.addresses=192.168.11.76:5672
spring.cloud.stream.binders.rabbit_cluster.environment.spring.rabbitmq.username=guest
spring.cloud.stream.binders.rabbit_cluster.environment.spring.rabbitmq.password=guest
spring.cloud.stream.binders.rabbit_cluster.environment.spring.rabbitmq.virtual-host=/
- Barista接口
package com.bfxy.rabbitmq.stream;
import org.springframework.cloud.stream.annotation.Output;
import org.springframework.messaging.MessageChannel;
/**
* <B>中文類名:</B><BR>
* <B>概要說明:</B><BR>
* 這裏的Barista接口是定義來作爲後面類的參數,這一接口定義來通道類型和通道名稱。
* 通道名稱是作爲配置用,通道類型則決定了app會使用這一通道進行發送消息還是從中接收消息。
*/
public interface Barista {
//String INPUT_CHANNEL = "input_channel";
String OUTPUT_CHANNEL = "output_channel";
//註解@Input聲明瞭它是一個輸入類型的通道,名字是Barista.INPUT_CHANNEL,也就是position3的input_channel。這一名字與上述配置app2的配置文件中position1應該一致,表明注入了一個名字叫做input_channel的通道,它的類型是input,訂閱的主題是position2處聲明的mydest這個主題
// @Input(Barista.INPUT_CHANNEL)
// SubscribableChannel loginput();
//註解@Output聲明瞭它是一個輸出類型的通道,名字是output_channel。這一名字與app1中通道名一致,表明注入了一個名字爲output_channel的通道,類型是output,發佈的主題名爲mydest。
@Output(Barista.OUTPUT_CHANNEL)
MessageChannel logoutput();
// String INPUT_BASE = "queue-1";
// String OUTPUT_BASE = "queue-1";
// @Input(Barista.INPUT_BASE)
// SubscribableChannel input1();
// MessageChannel output1();
}
- RabbitmqSender
package com.bfxy.rabbitmq.stream;
import java.util.Map;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.cloud.stream.annotation.EnableBinding;
import org.springframework.messaging.Message;
import org.springframework.messaging.MessageHeaders;
import org.springframework.messaging.support.MessageBuilder;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
@EnableBinding(Barista.class)
@Service
public class RabbitmqSender {
@Autowired
private Barista barista;
// 發送消息
public String sendMessage(Object message, Map<String, Object> properties) throws Exception {
try{
MessageHeaders mhs = new MessageHeaders(properties);
Message msg = MessageBuilder.createMessage(message, mhs);
boolean sendStatus = barista.logoutput().send(msg);
System.err.println("--------------sending -------------------");
System.out.println("發送數據:" + message + ",sendStatus: " + sendStatus);
}catch (Exception e){
System.err.println("-------------error-------------");
e.printStackTrace();
throw new RuntimeException(e.getMessage());
}
return null;
}
}
- 測試類
package com.bfxy.rabbitmq;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import org.apache.http.client.utils.DateUtils;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
import com.bfxy.rabbitmq.stream.RabbitmqSender;
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class ApplicationTests {
@Autowired
private RabbitmqSender rabbitmqSender;
@Test
public void sendMessageTest1() {
for(int i = 0; i < 1; i ++){
try {
Map<String, Object> properties = new HashMap<String, Object>();
properties.put("SERIAL_NUMBER", "12345");
properties.put("BANK_NUMBER", "abc");
properties.put("PLAT_SEND_TIME", DateUtils.formatDate(new Date(), "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS"));
rabbitmqSender.sendMessage("Hello, I am amqp sender num :" + i, properties);
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("--------error-------");
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(Integer.MAX_VALUE);
}
}
3.3 消費者
- application.properties
server.port=8002
server.context-path=/consumer
spring.application.name=consumer
spring.cloud.stream.bindings.input_channel.destination=exchange-3
spring.cloud.stream.bindings.input_channel.group=queue-3
spring.cloud.stream.bindings.input_channel.binder=rabbit_cluster
spring.cloud.stream.bindings.input_channel.consumer.concurrency=1
spring.cloud.stream.rabbit.bindings.input_channel.consumer.requeue-rejected=false
spring.cloud.stream.rabbit.bindings.input_channel.consumer.acknowledge-mode=MANUAL
spring.cloud.stream.rabbit.bindings.input_channel.consumer.recovery-interval=3000
spring.cloud.stream.rabbit.bindings.input_channel.consumer.durable-subscription=true
spring.cloud.stream.rabbit.bindings.input_channel.consumer.max-concurrency=5
spring.cloud.stream.binders.rabbit_cluster.type=rabbit
spring.cloud.stream.binders.rabbit_cluster.environment.spring.rabbitmq.addresses=192.168.11.76:5672
spring.cloud.stream.binders.rabbit_cluster.environment.spring.rabbitmq.username=guest
spring.cloud.stream.binders.rabbit_cluster.environment.spring.rabbitmq.password=guest
spring.cloud.stream.binders.rabbit_cluster.environment.spring.rabbitmq.virtual-host=/
-
Barista接口
package com.bfxy.rabbitmq.stream;
import org.springframework.cloud.stream.annotation.Input;
import org.springframework.messaging.SubscribableChannel;
/**
* <B>中文類名:</B><BR>
* <B>概要說明:</B><BR>
* 這裏的Barista接口是定義來作爲後面類的參數,這一接口定義來通道類型和通道名稱。
* 通道名稱是作爲配置用,通道類型則決定了app會使用這一通道進行發送消息還是從中接收消息。
* @author ashen(Alienware)
* @since 2016年7月22日
*/
public interface Barista {
String INPUT_CHANNEL = "input_channel";
//註解@Input聲明瞭它是一個輸入類型的通道,名字是Barista.INPUT_CHANNEL,也就是position3的input_channel。這一名字與上述配置app2的配置文件中position1應該一致,表明注入了一個名字叫做input_channel的通道,它的類型是input,訂閱的主題是position2處聲明的mydest這個主題
@Input(Barista.INPUT_CHANNEL)
SubscribableChannel loginput();
}
-
RabbitmqReceiver
-
package com.bfxy.rabbitmq.stream; import org.springframework.amqp.support.AmqpHeaders; import org.springframework.cloud.stream.annotation.EnableBinding; import org.springframework.cloud.stream.annotation.StreamListener; import org.springframework.messaging.Message; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel; @EnableBinding(Barista.class) @Service public class RabbitmqReceiver { @StreamListener(Barista.INPUT_CHANNEL) public void receiver(Message message) throws Exception { Channel channel = (com.rabbitmq.client.Channel) message.getHeaders().get(AmqpHeaders.CHANNEL); Long deliveryTag = (Long) message.getHeaders().get(AmqpHeaders.DELIVERY_TAG); System.out.println("Input Stream 1 接受數據:" + message); System.out.println("消費完畢------------"); channel.basicAck(deliveryTag, false); } }