之前在linux環境下用源碼編譯安裝了mysql5.7.12的版本，後來還需要安裝mysql5.7的版本，就想着用二進制文件的方式安裝，畢竟二進制文件的安裝方式方便簡單，基本的配置都能實現，詳細過程如下：
1.下載安裝包
可以去官網下載：https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/
或者可以訪問百度網盤：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1KbEkWcgwYAiajXxG1bA1FA
提取碼：kma7
2.創建用戶
#創建mysql用戶(此用戶不需要登錄權限)
groupadd mysql
useradd -s /sbin/nologin -g mysql mysql
3.安裝
mkdir /app
tar -xf mysql-5.7.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /app/
ln -s /app/getui_mysql/mysql-5.7.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /app/mysql
#設置環境變量
echo 'export PATH=/app/mysql/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile
source /etc/profile
#查看mysql的版本信息
mysql -V
4.配置my.cnf文件
配置完之後可以在msyql日初始化時直接用my.cnf文件進行日初始化比較方便
下面這個是我自己的my.cnf比較全面，可以參看，詳細的解釋請參考另一篇博客：
[client]
port = 3306
socket = /app/mysql/mysql.sock
[mysql]
prompt="\\u@\\h [\\d]>"
no-auto-rehash
[mysqld]
basedir = /app/mysql
datadir = /data/mysql/data
socket = /app/mysql/mysql.sock
tmpdir = /app/mysql/tmp
user = mysql
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp=true
port = 3306
server-id = 1
character-set-server = utf8mb4
event_scheduler = 0
sql_mode=''
default-time-zone = SYSTEM
log_timestamps = SYSTEM
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp=true
group_concat_max_len=102400
interactive_timeout = 600
wait_timeout = 600
open_files_limit = 65535
max_connections = 10000
max_connect_errors = 1000000
lower_case_table_names =1
skip_name_resolve = 1
gtid-mode = on
enforce-gtid-consistency=1
lock_wait_timeout = 3600
log-output=file
slow_query_log = 1
long_query_time = 1
slow_query_log_file = /app/mysql/logs/slow.log
log-slow-slave-statements = 1
log_slow_admin_statements = 1
log_queries_not_using_indexes =1
log_throttle_queries_not_using_indexes = 60
min_examined_row_limit = 100
log-error = /app/mysql/logs/error.log
log_error_verbosity = 2
secure_file_priv="/tmp"
query_cache_size = 0
query_cache_type = 0
table_open_cache = 1024
table_definition_cache = 1024
table_open_cache_instances = 64
max_heap_table_size = 96M
sort_buffer_size = 16M
join_buffer_size = 16M
thread_cache_size = 200
thread_stack = 512K
tmp_table_size = 96M
key_buffer_size = 32M
read_buffer_size = 8M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M
thread_cache_size = 7518
back_log = 1024
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M
myisam_max_sort_file_size = 5G
myisam_repair_threads = 1
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 2G
innodb_buffer_pool_instances = 8
innodb_buffer_pool_dump_at_shutdown = 1
innodb_buffer_pool_load_at_startup = 1
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:1G:autoextend
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M
innodb_log_file_size = 1G
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 50
innodb_file_per_table = 1
innodb_rollback_on_timeout
transaction_isolation = REPEATABLE-READ
innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT
innodb_stats_on_metadata = 0
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 10
innodb_rollback_on_timeout = 1
innodb_print_all_deadlocks = 1
internal_tmp_disk_storage_engine = InnoDB
innodb_write_io_threads = 8
innodb_read_io_threads = 8
innodb_purge_threads = 4
innodb_page_cleaners = 4
performance_schema = 1
performance_schema_instrument = '%=on'
innodb_io_capacity = 2000
innodb_io_capacity_max = 4000
innodb_flush_neighbors = 1
innodb_monitor_enable="module_innodb"
innodb_monitor_enable="module_server"
innodb_monitor_enable="module_dml"
innodb_monitor_enable="module_ddl"
innodb_monitor_enable="module_trx"
innodb_monitor_enable="module_os"
innodb_monitor_enable="module_purge"
innodb_monitor_enable="module_log"
innodb_monitor_enable="module_lock"
innodb_monitor_enable="module_buffer"
innodb_monitor_enable="module_index"
innodb_monitor_enable="module_ibuf_system"
innodb_monitor_enable="module_buffer_page"
innodb_monitor_enable="module_adaptive_hash"
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 32M
5.初始化數據庫
mkdir /app/mysql/logs/ -p
mkdir /app/mysql/tmp -p
mkdir /data/mysql/data -p
chown -R mysql:mysql /data
chown -R mysql:mysql /app/
/app/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --initialize
初始化沒有信息輸出，最後直接完成即可，該初始化之後會分配一個臨時使用的密碼保存在/app/mysql/logs/error.log裏面
#/app/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize-insecure --datadir=/data/mysql/data/ --user=mysql --basedir=/app/mysql/
該命令也可以初始化，不用使用my.cnf文件，且沒有初始化是產生臨時使用的密碼
6.啓動/關閉mysql
前臺啓動命令：
/app/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=mysql &
/app/getui_mysql/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -S /app/mysql/mysql.sock -p'' shutdown
-p''後面是密碼
關閉：
直接kill 也可，用下面的命令也可以
/app/getui_mysql/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -S /app/mysql/mysql.sock -p'' shutdown
-p''後面是密碼
7.進入mysql並修改密碼
初始化時系統給的密碼是臨時性的，進入mysql後需要修改密碼
mysql -u root -p
輸入系統產生的密碼
執行下面的密令就行密碼修改：
set password='qazxsw';
delete from mysql.user where user<>'root' or host<>'localhost';
flush privileges;
至此mysql就可以正常使用了
8.配置service mysqld start 命令
有沒有發現沒有使用service mysqld start 命令來啓動mysql數據庫，這個命令是需要進行配置之後才能使用的，配置方法如下：
cp /app/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld
vim /etc/init.d/mysqld #修改下面兩行
basedir=/app/mysql
datadir=/data/mysql/data
ln -s /etc/my.cnf /app/mysql/my.cnf
然後就可以使用service mysqld start/stop restart 命令來操作數據庫了