Nginx Rewrite語法規則和僞靜態規則詳解

nginx裏使用僞靜態是直接在nginx.conf 中寫規則的,並不需要像apache要開啓寫模塊(mod_rewrite)才能進行僞靜態。

nginx只需要打開nginx.conf配置文件,在server裏面寫需要的規則即可。

複製代碼 代碼如下:

server 
{ 
listen       80; 
server_name  bbs.jb51.net; 
index index.html index.htm index.php; 
root  /home/www/bbs;
 
error_page  404                                             /404.htm;       #配置404錯誤頁面 
location ~ .*.(php|php5)?$ 
{ 
#fastcgi_pass  unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock; 
fastcgi_pass  127.0.0.1:9000; 
fastcgi_index index.php; 
include fcgi.conf; 
}

下面就是僞靜態了

location /{ 
rewrite ^(.*)/equip(d+).html$ $1/index.php?m=content&c=index&a=lists&catid=$2 last; 
} 

然後重啓nginx服務器僞靜態就生效了,這種維護起來很是不方便我們可以把它寫在外部文件如bbs_nginx.conf中

在/home/www/bbs目錄下創建bbs_nginx.conf文件並寫入以下代碼:

複製代碼 代碼如下:

location /{ 
rewrite ^(.*)/equip(d+).html$ $1/index.php?m=content&c=index&a=lists&catid=$2 last; 
}

然後在上面的代碼後面加上如下代碼:

複製代碼 代碼如下:

include /home/www/bbs/bbs_nginx.conf;

這樣網站根目錄中的bbs_nginx.conf僞靜態規則,即可實現單獨管理。

下面是一個實例:

1. 在使用.htaccess文件的目錄下新建一個.htaccess文件,如下面一個Discuz論壇目錄:

複製代碼 代碼如下:

vim /var/www/html/jb51/bbs/.htaccess

2. 在裏面輸入規則,我這裏輸入Discuz的僞靜態規則(這裏僅增加Discuz的僞靜態規則):

複製代碼 代碼如下:

# nginx rewrite  rule 
rewrite ^(.*)/archiver/((fid|tid)-[w-]+.html)$ $1/archiver/index.php?$2 last; 
rewrite ^(.*)/forum-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+).html$ $1/forumdisplay.php?fid=$2&page=$3 last; 
rewrite ^(.*)/thread-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+).html$ $1/viewthread.php?tid=$2&extra=page%3D$4&page=$3 last; 
rewrite ^(.*)/profile-(username|uid)-(.+).html$ $1/viewpro.php?$2=$3 last; 
rewrite ^(.*)/space-(username|uid)-(.+).html$ $1/space.php?$2=$3 last; 
rewrite ^(.*)/tag-(.+).html$ $1/tag.php?name=$2 last; 
# end nginx rewrite rule

wq保存退出。

3. 修改nginx配置文件:

4. 在需要添加僞靜態的虛擬主機的server{}中引入.htaccess文件:

複製代碼 代碼如下:

include /var/www/html/jb51/bbs/.htaccess; (備註:把路徑改成你.htaccess文件的具體位置)

wq保存退出。

5. 重新加載nginx配置文件:

/etc/init.d/nginx reload

Nginx常用Rewrite僞靜態規則:

僞靜態規則是我們做僞靜態的一個非常重的參數了,如果我們能理解得越多就可以快速的寫出最優的僞靜態代碼了,下面給大家整理了一些例子,希望能給你有幫助。

本日誌內容來自互聯網和平日使用經驗,整理一下方便日後參考。

正則表達式匹配,其中:

* ~ 爲區分大小寫匹配
* ~* 爲不區分大小寫匹配
* !~和!~*分別爲區分大小寫不匹配及不區分大小寫不匹配

文件及目錄匹配,其中:

* -f和!-f用來判斷是否存在文件
* -d和!-d用來判斷是否存在目錄
* -e和!-e用來判斷是否存在文件或目錄
* -x和!-x用來判斷文件是否可執行

flag標記有:

* last            相當於Apache裏的[L]標記,表示完成rewrite
* break            終止匹配, 不再匹配後面的規則
* redirect         返回302臨時重定向 地址欄會顯示跳轉後的地址
* permanent       返回301永久重定向 地址欄會顯示跳轉後的地址

一些可用的全局變量有,可以用做條件判斷(待補全)

 代碼如下:

$args
$content_length
$content_type
$document_root
$document_uri
$host
$http_user_agent
$http_cookie
$limit_rate
$request_body_file
$request_method
$remote_addr
$remote_port
$remote_user
$request_filename
$request_uri
$query_string
$scheme
$server_protocol
$server_addr
$server_name
$server_port
$uri

結合QeePHP的例子

複製代碼 代碼如下:

if (!-d $request_filename) {
rewrite ^/([a-z-A-Z]+)/([a-z-A-Z]+)/?(.*)$ /index.php?namespace=user&controller=$1&action=$2&$3 last;
rewrite ^/([a-z-A-Z]+)/?$ /index.php?namespace=user&controller=$1 last;
break;

多目錄轉成參數

複製代碼 代碼如下:

abc.domian.com/sort/2 => abc.domian.com/index.php?act=sort&name=abc&id=2
if ($host ~* (.*)/.domain/.com) {
set $sub_name $1;
rewrite ^/sort//(/d+)//?$ /index.php?act=sort&cid=$sub_name&id=$1 last;
}

目錄對換

複製代碼 代碼如下:

/123456/xxxx -> /xxxx?id=123456
rewrite ^/(/d+)/(.+)/ /$2?id=$1 last;

例如下面設定nginx在用戶使用ie的使用重定向到/nginx-ie目錄下:

if ($http_user_agent ~ MSIE) {
rewrite ^(.*)$ /nginx-ie/$1 break;
}

目錄自動加“/”

複製代碼 代碼如下:

if (-d $request_filename){
rewrite ^/(.*)([^/])$ http://$host/$1$2/ permanent;
}

禁止htaccess

複製代碼 代碼如下:

location ~//.ht {
deny all;
}

禁止多個目錄

複製代碼 代碼如下:

location ~ ^/(cron|templates)/ {
deny all;
break;
}

禁止以/data開頭的文件

可以禁止/data/下多級目錄下.log.txt等請求;

複製代碼 代碼如下:

location ~ ^/data {
deny all;
}

禁止單個目錄

不能禁止.log.txt能請求

複製代碼 代碼如下:

location /searchword/cron/ {
deny all;
}

禁止單個文件

複製代碼 代碼如下:

location ~ /data/sql/data.sql {
deny all;
}

給favicon.ico和robots.txt設置過期時間;

這裏爲favicon.ico爲99天,robots.txt爲7天並不記錄404錯誤日誌

複製代碼 代碼如下:

location ~(favicon.ico) {
log_not_found off;
expires 99d;
break;
}
location ~(robots.txt) {
log_not_found off;
expires 7d;
break;
}

設定某個文件的過期時間;這裏爲600秒,並不記錄訪問日誌

複製代碼 代碼如下:

location ^~ /html/scripts/loadhead_1.js {
access_log off;
root /opt/lampp/htdocs/web;
expires 600;
break;
}

文件反盜鏈並設置過期時間

這裏的return 412 爲自定義的http狀態碼,默認爲403,方便找出正確的盜鏈的請求

複製代碼 代碼如下:

“rewrite ^/ http://www.jb51.net/jb51.gif;”顯示一張防盜鏈圖片
“access_log off;”不記錄訪問日誌,減輕壓力
“expires 3d”所有文件3天的瀏覽器緩存
location ~* ^.+/.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png|swf|rar|zip|css|js)$ {
valid_referers none blocked *.jb51.net *.jbzj.net localhost 1.1.1.1;
if ($invalid_referer) {
rewrite ^/ http://www.jb51.net/jb51.gif;
return 412;
break;
}
access_log off;
root /opt/lampp/htdocs/web;
expires 3d;
break;
}

只允許固定ip訪問網站,並加上密碼

複製代碼 代碼如下:

root /opt/htdocs/www;
allow 208.97.167.194;
allow 222.33.1.2;
allow 231.152.49.4;
deny all;
auth_basic “C1G_ADMIN”;
auth_basic_user_file htpasswd;

將多級目錄下的文件轉成一個文件,增強seo效果

複製代碼 代碼如下:

/job-123-456-789.html 指向/job/123/456/789.html

rewrite ^/job-(0-9+)-(0-9+)-(0-9+)/.html$ /job/$1/$2/jobshow_$3.html last;

將根目錄下某個文件夾指向2級目錄

如/shanghaijob/ 指向 /area/shanghai/

如果你將last改成permanent,那麼瀏覽器地址欄顯是/location/shanghai/

複製代碼 代碼如下:

rewrite ^/(0-9a-z+)job/(.*)$ /area/$1/$2 last;

上面例子有個問題是訪問/shanghai 時將不會匹配

複製代碼 代碼如下:

rewrite ^/(0-9a-z+)job$ /area/$1/ last;
rewrite ^/(0-9a-z+)job/(.*)$ /area/$1/$2 last;

這樣/shanghai 也可以訪問了,但頁面中的相對鏈接無法使用,

如./list_1.html真實地址是/area/shanghia/list_1.html會變成/list_1.html,導至無法訪問。

那我加上自動跳轉也是不行咯

複製代碼 代碼如下:

(-d $request_filename)它有個條件是必需爲真實目錄,而我的rewrite不是的,所以沒有效果

if (-d $request_filename){
rewrite ^/(.*)(^/)$ http://$host/$1$2/ permanent;
}

知道原因後就好辦了,讓我手動跳轉吧

複製代碼 代碼如下:

rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job$ /$1job/ permanent;
rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job/(.*)$ /area/$1/$2 last;

文件和目錄不存在的時候重定向:

複製代碼 代碼如下:

if (!-e $request_filename) {
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
}

域名跳轉

複製代碼 代碼如下:

server
{
listen 80;
server_name jump.c1gstudio.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /opt/lampp/htdocs/www;
rewrite ^/ http://www.jb51.net/;
access_log off;
}

多域名轉向

複製代碼 代碼如下:

server_name www.c1gstudio.com www.c1gstudio.net;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /opt/lampp/htdocs;
if ($host ~ “c1gstudio/.net”) {
rewrite ^(.*) http://www.jb51.net$1 permanent;
}

三級域名跳轉

複製代碼 代碼如下:

if ($http_host ~* “^(.*)/.i/.c1gstudio/.com$”) {
rewrite ^(.*) http://www.jb51.net$1;
break;
}

域名鏡像

複製代碼 代碼如下:

server
{
listen 80;
server_name mirror.c1gstudio.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /opt/lampp/htdocs/www;
rewrite ^/(.*) http://www.jb51.net/$1 last;
access_log off;
}

某個子目錄作鏡像

複製代碼 代碼如下:

location ^~ /php {
rewrite ^.+ http://www.jb51.net/ last;
break;
}
discuz ucenter home (uchome) rewrite

複製代碼 代碼如下:

rewrite ^/(space|network)-(.+)/.html$ /$1.php?rewrite=$2 last;
rewrite ^/(space|network)/.html$ /$1.php last;
rewrite ^/(0-9+)$ /space.php?uid=$1 last;
discuz 7 rewrite
rewrite ^(.*)/archiver/((fid|tid)-/w/-+/.html)$ $1/archiver/index.php?$2 last;
rewrite ^(.*)/forum-(0-9+)-(0-9+)/.html$ $1/forumdisplay.php?fid=$2&page=$3 last;
rewrite ^(.*)/thread-(0-9+)-(0-9+)-(0-9+)/.html$ $1/viewthread.php?tid=$2&extra=page/%3D$4&page=$3 last;
rewrite ^(.*)/profile-(username|uid)-(.+)/.html$ $1/viewpro.php?$2=$3 last;
rewrite ^(.*)/space-(username|uid)-(.+)/.html$ $1/space.php?$2=$3 last;
rewrite ^(.*)/tag-(.+)/.html$ $1/tag.php?name=$2 last;

給discuz某版塊單獨配置域名

server_name bbs.jb51.net news.jb51.net;
location = / {
if ($http_host ~ news/.jb51.net$) {
rewrite ^.+ http://news.jb51.net/forum-831-1.html last;
break;
}
}
discuz ucenter 頭像 rewrite 優化
location ^~ /ucenter {
location ~ .*/.php?$
{
#fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fcgi.conf;
}
location /ucenter/data/avatar {
log_not_found off;
access_log off;
location ~ /(.*)_big/.jpg$ {
error_page 404 /ucenter/images/noavatar_big.gif;
}
location ~ /(.*)_middle/.jpg$ {
error_page 404 /ucenter/images/noavatar_middle.gif;
}
location ~ /(.*)_small/.jpg$ {
error_page 404 /ucenter/images/noavatar_small.gif;
}
expires 300;
break;
}
}
jspace rewrite
location ~ .*/.php?$
{
#fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fcgi.conf;
}
location ~* ^/index.php/
{
rewrite ^/index.php/(.*) /index.php?$1 break;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fcgi.conf;
}

附現在常用cms替換

WordPress僞靜態規則:

複製代碼 代碼如下:

location / { 
index index.html index.php; 
if (-f $request_filename/index.html){ 
rewrite (.*) $1/index.html break; 
} 
if (-f $request_filename/index.php){ 
rewrite (.*) $1/index.php; 
} 
if (!-f $request_filename){ 
rewrite (.*) /index.php; 
} 
}

PHPCMS僞靜態規則:

複製代碼 代碼如下:

location / { 
###以下爲PHPCMS 僞靜態化rewrite法則 
rewrite ^(.*)show-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ $1/show.php?itemid=$2&page=$3; 
rewrite ^(.*)list-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ $1/list.php?catid=$2&page=$3; 
rewrite ^(.*)show-([0-9]+)\.html$ $1/show.php?specialid=$2;
####以下爲PHPWind 僞靜態化rewrite法則 
rewrite ^(.*)-htm-(.*)$ $1.php?$2 last; 
rewrite ^(.*)/simple/([a-z0-9\_]+\.html)$ $1/simple/index.php?$2 last; 
}

ECSHOP僞靜態規則:

複製代碼 代碼如下:

if (!-e $request_filename) 
{ 
rewrite "^/index\.html" /index.php last; 
rewrite "^/category$" /index.php last; 
rewrite "^/feed-c([0-9]+)\.xml$” /feed.php?cat=$1 last; 
rewrite “^/feed-b([0-9]+)\.xml$” /feed.php?brand=$1 last; 
rewrite “^/feed\.xml$” /feed.php last; 
rewrite “^/category-([0-9]+)-b([0-9]+)-min([0-9]+)-max([0-9]+)-attr([^-]*)-([0-9]+)-(.+)-([a-zA-Z]+)(.*)\.html$” /category.php?id=$1&brand=$2&price_min=$3&price_max=$4&filter_attr=$5&page=$6&sort=$7&order=$8 last; 
rewrite “^/category-([0-9]+)-b([0-9]+)-min([0-9]+)-max([0-9]+)-attr([^-]*)(.*)\.html$” /category.php?id=$1&brand=$2&price_min=$3&price_max=$4&filter_attr=$5 last; 
rewrite “^/category-([0-9]+)-b([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-(.+)-([a-zA-Z]+)(.*)\.html$” /category.php?id=$1&brand=$2&page=$3&sort=$4&order=$5 last; 
rewrite “^/category-([0-9]+)-b([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)(.*)\.html$” /category.php?id=$1&brand=$2&page=$3 last; 
rewrite “^/category-([0-9]+)-b([0-9]+)(.*)\.html$” /category.php?id=$1&brand=$2 last; 
rewrite “^/category-([0-9]+)(.*)\.html$” /category.php?id=$1 last; 
rewrite “^/goods-([0-9]+)(.*)\.html” /goods.php?id=$1 last; 
rewrite “^/article_cat-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-(.+)-([a-zA-Z]+)(.*)\.html$” /article_cat.php?id=$1&page=$2&sort=$3&order=$4 last; 
rewrite “^/article_cat-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)(.*)\.html$” /article_cat.php?id=$1&page=$2 last; 
rewrite “^/article_cat-([0-9]+)(.*)\.html$” /article_cat.php?id=$1 last; 
rewrite “^/article-([0-9]+)(.*)\.html$” /article.php?id=$1 last; 
rewrite “^/brand-([0-9]+)-c([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-(.+)-([a-zA-Z]+)\.html” /brand.php?id=$1&cat=$2&page=$3&sort=$4&order=$5 last; 
rewrite “^/brand-([0-9]+)-c([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)(.*)\.html” /brand.php?id=$1&cat=$2&page=$3 last; 
rewrite “^/brand-([0-9]+)-c([0-9]+)(.*)\.html” /brand.php?id=$1&cat=$2 last; 
rewrite “^/brand-([0-9]+)(.*)\.html” /brand.php?id=$1 last; 
rewrite “^/tag-(.*)\.html” /search.php?keywords=$1 last; 
rewrite “^/snatch-([0-9]+)\.html$” /snatch.php?id=$1 last; 
rewrite “^/group_buy-([0-9]+)\.html$” /group_buy.php?act=view&id=$1 last; 
rewrite “^/auction-([0-9]+)\.html$” /auction.php?act=view&id=$1 last; 
rewrite “^/exchange-id([0-9]+)(.*)\.html$” /exchange.php?id=$1&act=view last; 
rewrite “^/exchange-([0-9]+)-min([0-9]+)-max([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-(.+)-([a-zA-Z]+)(.*)\.html$” /exchange.php?cat_id=$1&integral_min=$2&integral_max=$3&page=$4&sort=$5&order=$6 last; 
rewrite ^/exchange-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-(.+)-([a-zA-Z]+)(.*)\.html$” /exchange.php?cat_id=$1&page=$2&sort=$3&order=$4 last; 
rewrite “^/exchange-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)(.*)\.html$” /exchange.php?cat_id=$1&page=$2 last; 
rewrite “^/exchange-([0-9]+)(.*)\.html$” /exchange.php?cat_id=$1 last; 
}

SHOPEX僞靜態規則 :

複製代碼 代碼如下:

location / { 
if (!-e $request_filename) { 
rewrite ^/(.+\.(html|xml|json|htm|php|jsp|asp|shtml))$ /index.php?$1 last; 
} 
}

SaBlog 2.0:

複製代碼 代碼如下:

只帶月份的歸檔 

rewrite "^/date/(0-9{6})/?(0-9+)?/?$" /index.php?action=article&setdate=$1&page=$2 last; 

無分類翻頁 

rewrite ^/page/(0-9+)?/?$ /index.php?action=article&page=$1 last; 

分類 

rewrite ^/category/(0-9+)/?(0-9+)?/?$ /index.php?action=article&cid=$1&page=$2 last; 
rewrite ^/category/(^/+)/?(0-9+)?/?$ /index.php?action=article&curl=$1&page=$2 last; 

歸檔、高級搜刮 

rewrite ^/(archives|search|article|links)/?$ /index.php?action=$1 last; 

全數批評、標籤列表、引用列表 帶分頁 

rewrite ^/(comments|tagslist|trackbacks|article)/?(0-9+)?/?$ /index.php?action=$1&page=$2 last; 

tags 

rewrite ^/tag/(^/+)/?(0-9+)?/?$ /index.php?action=article&item=$1&page=$2 last; 

文章 

rewrite ^/archives/(0-9+)/?(0-9+)?/?$ /index.php?action=show&id=$1&page=$2 last; 

RSS rewrite ^/rss/(0-9+)?/?$ /rss.php?cid=$1 last; 

rewrite ^/rss/(^/+)/?$ /rss.php?url=$1 last; 

用戶 rewrite ^/uid/(0-9+)/?(0-9+)?/?$ /index.php?action=article&uid=$1&page=$2 last; 

rewrite ^/user/(^/+)/?(0-9+)?/?$ /index.php?action=article&user=$1&page=$2 last; 

輿圖文件 

rewrite sitemap.xml sitemap.php last; 

自界說鏈接 

rewrite ^(.*)/(0-9a-zA-Z-\_+)/?(0-9+)?/?$ $1/index.php?action=show&alias=$2&page=$3 last;

Discuz 7僞靜態規則 :

複製代碼 代碼如下:

rewrite ^/archiver/((fid|tid)-[\w\-]+\.html)$ /archiver/index.php?$1 last; 
rewrite ^/forum-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ /forumdisplay.php?fid=$1&page=$2 last; 
rewrite ^/thread-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ /viewthread.php?tid=$1&extra=page\%3D$3&page=$2 last; 
rewrite ^/space-(username|uid)-(.+)\.html$ /space.php?$1=$2 last; 
rewrite ^/tag-(.+)\.html$ /tag.php?name=$1 last;

Typecho:

複製代碼 代碼如下:

location / { 
index index.html index.php; 
if (-f $request_filename/index.html){ 
rewrite (.*) $1/index.html break; 
} 
if (-f $request_filename/index.php){ 
rewrite (.*) $1/index.php; 
} 
if (!-f $request_filename){ 
rewrite (.*) /index.php; 
} 
}

實例:shopex啓用僞靜態

複製代碼 代碼如下:

    location /
    {
             if (!-e $request_filename) {
             rewrite ^/(.*)$ /index.php?$1 last;
    }
    }

往期文章

Nginx系列教程(1)nginx基本介紹和安裝入門
Nginx系列教程(2)nginx搭建靜態資源web服務器
Nginx系列教程(3)nginx緩存服務器上的靜態文件
Nginx系列教程(4)nginx處理web應用負載均衡問題以保證高併發
Nginx系列教程(5)如何保障nginx的高可用性(keepalived)
Nginx系列教程(6)nginx location 匹配規則詳細解說
Nginx系列教程(7)nginx rewrite配置規則詳細說明
Nginx系列教程(8)nginx配置安全證書SSL
Nginx系列教程(9)nginx 解決session一致性

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