前提更要
项目在本地已完成大框架开发,预想着能部署到公共lunix服务器上,
环境配置
特意找了一台没有在使用的lunix服务器,集成部同事帮忙重新安装了较为新版的lunix,并安装了python3.7及django3：
- 项目代码迁移 在lunix下新建一个文件夹project用来存在django项目代码,把在本地开发的代码直接放到project文件夹下.
- 采用django自带调试模式启动,发现无法在本地浏览器上访问lunix服务器上的项目；
- 集成同事及本人自行百度,发现 runserver 是开发测试环境下用来启动django项目的方式,所以django提供配置文件配置的。用的话得配合uwsgi或者gunicorn这个插件去使用。参考文章这里的3、4节的内容,这样就能配置网络层的一些东西。
Nginx（暂时不使用）
Nginx安装可参考文章：Nginx 服务器安装及配置文件详解
安装服务器为lunix，常用开启、关闭、重启命令如下：
配置文件：/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
启动nginx： sudo nginx
测试配置： sudo nginx -t
重载nginx： sudo nginx -s reload
停止nginx：sudo nginx -s stop
gunicorn
cd到django项目根目录下，执行如下命令：
pip3 install gunicorn
如若安装错了路径，可执行卸载：
如下
[appsrv@localhost ~]$ pip3 uninstall gunicorn
Found existing installation: gunicorn 20.0.4
Uninstalling gunicorn-20.0.4:
Would remove:
/home/appsrv/.local/bin/gunicorn
/home/appsrv/.local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/gunicorn-20.0.4.dist-info/*
/home/appsrv/.local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/gunicorn/*
Proceed (y/n)? ye^H
Your response ('ye\x08') was not one of the expected responses: y, n
Proceed (y/n)? y
Successfully uninstalled gunicorn-20.0.4
[appsrv@localhost ~]$
然后重新cd到项目根目录下，执行安装命令：pip3 install gunicorn
由于上一次安装gunicorn已自动下载了gunicorn 20.0.4- py2. py3- none any .whl文件，故此时安装不再重复下载，直接使用原本已下载的whl安装。
[appsrv@localhost ~]$ cd project/ManagerPlan
[appsrv@localhost ManagerPlan]$ pip3 install gunicorn
Defaulting to user installation because normal site-packages is not writeable
Collecting gunicorn
Using cached gunicorn-20.0.4-py2.py3-none-any.whl (77 kB)
Requirement already satisfied: setuptools>=3.0 in /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.7/site-packages (from gunicorn) (39.0.1)
Installing collected packages: gunicorn
Successfully installed gunicorn-20.0.4
[appsrv@localhost ManagerPlan]$
修改配置，重启nginx（暂时不使用）
配置nginx
修改配置文件：/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
如下：
重启nginx命令：
sudo service nginx reload
如果提示：
[appsrv@localhost ManagerPlan]$ sudo nginx -s reload
[sudo] appsrv 的密码：
nginx: [error] open() "/run/nginx.pid" failed (2: No such file or directory)
[appsrv@localhost ManagerPlan]$ sudo nginx
[appsrv@localhost ManagerPlan]$
则说明nginx没有启动，重新启动即可。启动命令：sudo nginx
备注：如果你是root账号登录，重启还可以用这个命令：
sudo service nginx reload
如果非root账号，用此命令执行时会报错：
对不起，用户 appsrv 无权以 root 的身份在 localhost.localdomain 上执行 /sbin/service nginx reload。
gunicorn启动、关闭、重启
1、gunicorn开启
在项目的根目录下，输入下方的代码。
gunicorn --bind unix:/tmp/域名.socket projectname.wsgi:application
例如我使用的：
gunicorn -b 192.168.101.240:8002 ManagerPlan.wsgi:application
2、查询
首先执行如下命令获取Gunicorn进程：
ps -ef|grep gunicorn
执行后如下：
[appsrv@localhost ~]$ ps -ef|grep gunicorn
appsrv 9781 1 0 4月21 ? 00:01:07 /usr/local/python3/bin/python3.7 /home/appsrv/.local/bin/gunicorn ManagerPlan.wsgi
appsrv 9803 9781 0 4月21 ? 00:00:07 /usr/local/python3/bin/python3.7 /home/appsrv/.local/bin/gunicorn ManagerPlan.wsgi
appsrv 10498 1 0 4月22 ? 00:00:58 /usr/local/python3/bin/python3.7 /home/appsrv/.local/bin/gunicorn -b 192.168.101.240:8002 ManagerPlan.wsgi:application
appsrv 15116 10498 0 16:46 ? 00:00:00 /usr/local/python3/bin/python3.7 /home/appsrv/.local/bin/gunicorn -b 192.168.101.240:8002 ManagerPlan.wsgi:application
appsrv 15255 15150 0 18:08 pts/1 00:00:00 grep --color=auto gunicorn
3、关闭
首先执行如下命令获取Gunicorn进程树：
ps -ef|grep gunicorn
之后输入如下指令关闭进程：
kill -9 pid
4、重启
输入如下指令重启进程：
kill -HUP pid
发现执行如下启动命令报错，8002端口被占用
gunicorn -b 192.168.101.240:8002 ManagerPlan.wsgi:application
查看是被哪个进程占用：
ss -anp |grep 8002
居然是nginx配置中的地址。那么此时把nginx停止运行（sudo nginx -s stop），再重新执行gunicorn启动命令.
现在报出其他错误，找不到ModuleNotFoundError: No module named ‘ManagerPlan.wsgi.plan’;
[appsrv@localhost ManagerPlan]$ gunicorn -b 192.168.101.240:8002 ManagerPlan.wsgi.plan
[2020-04-28 11:34:26 +0800] [16185] [INFO] Starting gunicorn 20.0.4
[2020-04-28 11:34:26 +0800] [16185] [INFO] Listening at: http://192.168.101.240:8002 (16185)
[2020-04-28 11:34:26 +0800] [16185] [INFO] Using worker: sync
[2020-04-28 11:34:26 +0800] [16188] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 16188
[2020-04-28 03:34:26 +0000] [16188] [ERROR] Exception in worker process
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/home/appsrv/.local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/gunicorn/arbiter.py", line 583, in spawn_worker
worker.init_process()
File "/home/appsrv/.local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/gunicorn/workers/base.py", line 119, in init_process
self.load_wsgi()
File "/home/appsrv/.local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/gunicorn/workers/base.py", line 144, in load_wsgi
self.wsgi = self.app.wsgi()
File "/home/appsrv/.local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/gunicorn/app/base.py", line 67, in wsgi
self.callable = self.load()
File "/home/appsrv/.local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/gunicorn/app/wsgiapp.py", line 49, in load
return self.load_wsgiapp()
File "/home/appsrv/.local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/gunicorn/app/wsgiapp.py", line 39, in load_wsgiapp
return util.import_app(self.app_uri)
File "/home/appsrv/.local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/gunicorn/util.py", line 358, in import_app
mod = importlib.import_module(module)
File "/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.7/importlib/__init__.py", line 127, in import_module
return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1006, in _gcd_import
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 983, in _find_and_load
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 962, in _find_and_load_unlocked
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'ManagerPlan.wsgi.plan'; 'ManagerPlan.wsgi' is not a package
[2020-04-28 03:34:26 +0000] [16188] [INFO] Worker exiting (pid: 16188)
[2020-04-28 11:34:26 +0800] [16185] [INFO] Shutting down: Master
[2020-04-28 11:34:26 +0800] [16185] [INFO] Reason: Worker failed to boot.
暂时没有解决ta。只是先要确定普通模式运行下django项目，看看它能否跑起来
cd到项目根目录下，运行命令：
python3 manage.py runserver 192.168.101.240:8002
[appsrv@localhost ManagerPlan]$ python3 manage.py runserver 192.168.101.240:8002
Performing system checks...
System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
April 28, 2020 - 03:44:07
Django version 2.1.1, using settings 'ManagerPlan.settings'
Starting development server at http://192.168.101.240:8002/
Quit the server with CONTROL-C.
在其他电脑（也即是远程）上访问：http://192.168.101.240:8002/index/
可正常访问到登录页面。故此项目是能正常运行的。目前紧要的就是解决找不到模块的问题。
原来是执行错命令了，用命令：
gunicorn -b 192.168.101.240:8002 ManagerPlan.wsgi:application
才是正确的。
gunicorn -b 192.168.101.240:8002 ManagerPlan.wsgi:application
wsgi:application 之间应该用:冒号，而不是.
总结：脱离了nginx，直接用gunicorn启动项目，运行。
考虑：把nginx用起来。（可参考：https://www.cnblogs.com/joest/p/setting_up_your_django_project_to_nginx.html）