應用Java反射模擬實現Spring的IoC容器

實現的功能:

  1. 默認情況下將掃描整個項目的文件
  2. 可以使用@ComponentScan註解配置掃描路徑
  3. 只將被@Component註解修飾的類裝載到容器中
  4. 可以使用@AutoWired註解實現自動裝配
  5. 讀取配置文件中的聲明的類並註冊到容器中

項目結構

下面是程序的項目結構圖:
在這裏插入圖片描述

自定義註解

下面是自定義的三個註解: @AutoWired,@Component,@ComponentScan。

@Target(ElementType.FIELD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface AutoWired {
}

@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface Component {
}

@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface ComponentScan {
  String[] value();
}

容器實現

其中AnnotationConfigApplicationContext和ClassPathXMLApplicationContext爲核心的類,其中AnnotationConfigApplicationContext類實現掃描文件和解析註解等功能。

package learn.reflection.reflect;

import learn.reflection.Bootstrap;
import learn.reflection.annotation.AutoWired;
import learn.reflection.annotation.Component;
import learn.reflection.annotation.ComponentScan;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Properties;
import java.util.Set;

public class AnnotationConfigApplicationContext<T>{
  //使用HaspMap存儲Bean
  private HashMap<Class,Object> beanFactory=new HashMap<>();
  //獲取Bean的方法
  public T getBean(Class clazz){
    return (T) beanFactory.get(clazz);
  }
  String path;//編譯後的字節碼存儲路徑
  /**
   * 初始化ApplicationContext,加載註解修飾的Bean到beanFactory
   */
  public void initContextByAnnotation(){
    //編譯後的項目根目錄:D:/idea_workplace/javaAppliTechnology/target/classes/
    path = AnnotationConfigApplicationContext.class.getClassLoader().getResource("").getFile();
    //查看啓動類Bootstrap是否有定義掃描包
    ComponentScan annotation = Bootstrap.class.getAnnotation(ComponentScan.class);
    if (annotation!=null){
      //有定義就只掃描自定義的
      String[] definedPaths = annotation.value();
      if (definedPaths!=null&&definedPaths.length>0){
        loadClassInDefinedDir(path,definedPaths);
      }
    }else{
      //默認掃描整個項目的目錄
      System.out.println(path);
      findClassFile(new File(path));
    }
    assembleObject();
  }

  /**
   * 給@AutoWired修飾的屬性賦值
   */
  private void assembleObject(){
    Set<Map.Entry<Class, Object>> entries = beanFactory.entrySet();
    //掃描所有容器中的Bean
    for (Map.Entry<Class, Object> entry : entries) {
      Object value = entry.getValue();
      //獲取所有屬性
      Field[] fields = value.getClass().getDeclaredFields();
      for (Field field : fields) {
        //如果被@AutoWired註解修飾則進行賦值
        AutoWired annotation = field.getAnnotation(AutoWired.class);

        if (annotation!=null){
          try {
            field.setAccessible(true);
            field.set(value,beanFactory.get(field.getType()));
          } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }

  /**
   * 掃描用戶自定義的包
   * @param path
   * @param definedPaths
   */
  private void loadClassInDefinedDir(String path, String[] definedPaths){
    for (String definedPath : definedPaths) {
      //轉換成絕對路徑
      String s = definedPath.replaceAll("\\.", "/");
      String fullName=path+s;
      System.out.println(s);
      findClassFile(new File(fullName));
    }
  }
  /**
   * 掃描項目中的每一個文件夾找到所有的class文件
   */
  private void findClassFile(File pathParent) {
    //路徑是否是目錄,子目錄是否爲空
    if (pathParent.isDirectory()) {
      File[] childrenFiles = pathParent.listFiles();
      if (childrenFiles == null || childrenFiles.length == 0) {
        return;
      }
      for (File childrenFile : childrenFiles) {
        if (childrenFile.isDirectory()) {
          //遞歸調用直到找到所有的文件
          findClassFile(childrenFile);
        } else {
          //找到文件
          loadClassWithAnnotation(childrenFile);
        }
      }
    }
  }
  /**
   *   裝配找到的所有帶有@Component註解的類到容器
   */
  private void loadClassWithAnnotation(File file) {
    //1.去掉前面的項目絕對路徑
    String pathWithClass=file.getAbsolutePath().substring(path.length()-1);
    //2.將路徑的“/”轉化爲“.”和去掉後面的.class
    if (pathWithClass.contains(".class")){
      String fullName = pathWithClass.replaceAll("\\\\", ".").replace(".class", "");
      /**
       *  根據獲取到的類的全限定名使用反射將實例添加到beanFactory中
       */
      try {
        Class<?> clazz = Class.forName(fullName);
        //3.判斷是不是接口,不是接口才創建實例
        if (!clazz.isInterface()){
          //4.是否具有@Bean註解
          Component annotation = clazz.getAnnotation(Component.class);
          if (annotation!=null){
            //5.創建實例對象
            Object instance = clazz.newInstance();
            //6.判斷是否有實現的接口
            Class<?>[] interfaces = clazz.getInterfaces();
            if (interfaces!=null&&interfaces.length>0){
              //如果是有接口就將其接口的class作爲key,實例對象作爲value
              System.out.println("正在加載【"+interfaces[0].getName()+"】 實例對象:"+instance.getClass().getName());
              beanFactory.put(interfaces[0],instance);
            }else{
              System.out.println("正在加載【"+clazz.getName()+"】 實例對象:"+instance.getClass().getName());
              beanFactory.put(clazz,instance);
            }
            //如果沒有接口就將自己的class作爲key,實例對象作爲value
          }
        }

      } catch (Exception e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
      }
    }
  }
}

ClassPathXMLApplicationContext類實現解析xml配置文件,並裝載組件到容器中。

package learn.reflection.reflect;

import java.net.URL;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import org.jdom2.Document;
import org.jdom2.JDOMException;
import org.jdom2.Element;
import org.jdom2.xpath.XPath;
import org.jdom2.input.SAXBuilder;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URISyntaxException;
import java.util.*;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;

/**
 * @author Hai
 * @date 2020/5/17 - 18:47
 */
public class ClassPathXMLApplicationContext{
  private File file;
  private Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap();


  public ClassPathXMLApplicationContext(String config_file) {
    URL url = this.getClass().getClassLoader().getResource(config_file);

    try {
      file = new File(url.toURI());
      XMLParsing();
    } catch (Exception e) {
      // TODO Auto-generated catch block
      e.printStackTrace();
    }

  }

  private void XMLParsing() throws Exception {
    SAXBuilder builder = new SAXBuilder();
    Document document = builder.build(file);
    Element root = document.getRootElement();
    List elementList = root.getChildren("bean");
    Iterator i = elementList.iterator();
    //讀取bean節點的所有信息
    while (i.hasNext()) {
      Element bean = (Element) i.next();
      String id = bean.getAttributeValue("id");
      //根據class創建實例
      String cls = bean.getAttributeValue("class");
      Object obj = Class.forName(cls).newInstance();
      Method[] method = obj.getClass().getDeclaredMethods();
      List<Element> list = bean.getChildren("property");
      for (Element el : list) {
        for (int n = 0; n < method.length; n++) {
          String name = method[n].getName();
          String temp = null;
          //找到屬性對應的setter方法進行賦值
          if (name.startsWith("set")) {
            temp = name.substring(3, name.length()).toLowerCase();
            if (el.getAttribute("name") != null) {
              if (temp.equals(el.getAttribute("name").getValue())) {
                method[n].invoke(obj, el.getAttribute("value").getValue());
              }
            }
          }
        }
      }
      map.put(id, obj);
    }
  }

  public Object getBean(String name) {
    return map.get(name);
  }
}

測試

實體類User的定義:

@Component
public class User {
  private String username;
  private String password;
  
  public User(String username, String password) {
    this.username = username;
    this.password = password;
  }

  public User() {
  }
  //省略getter,setter方法
  }

在UserServiceImpl類中添加@Component註解,並使用@AutoWired註解注入容器中的IUerDao接口的實現類UserDaoImpl。

@Component
public class UserServiceImpl implements IUserService {

  @AutoWired
  private IUserDao userDao;

  @Override
  public void login(User user) {
    System.out.println("調用UserDaoImpl的login方法");
    userDao.loginByUsername(user);
  }
}

UserDaoImpl類同樣添加@Component註解

@Component
public class UserDaoImpl implements IUserDao {
  @Override
  public void loginByUsername(User user) {
    System.out.println("驗證用戶【"+user.getUsername()+"】登錄");
  }
}

在beans.xml中配置註冊User類,文件beans.xml的內容如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans>
    <bean id="user" class="learn.reflection.entity.User">
        <property name="username" value="張三" />
        <property name="password" value="123" />
    </bean>
</beans>

下面同時使用 AnnotationConfigApplicationContext類和 ClassPathXMLApplicationContext類。

Bootstrap類作爲啓動類添加註解@ComponentScan,指定掃描learn.reflection.dao和learn.reflection.service這兩個包。

@ComponentScan(value = {"learn.reflection.dao","learn.reflection.service"})
public class Bootstrap {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    AnnotationConfigApplicationContext applicationContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext();
    applicationContext.initContextByAnnotation();
    UserServiceImpl userService = (UserServiceImpl) applicationContext.getBean(IUserService.class);
    ClassPathXMLApplicationContext xmlApplicationContext = new ClassPathXMLApplicationContext("beans.xml");
    User user = (User) xmlApplicationContext.getBean("user");
    System.out.println(user);
    userService.login(user);
  }
}

運行Bootstrap類,程序運行結果如下:

learn/reflection/dao
正在加載【learn.reflection.dao.IUserDao】 實例對象:learn.reflection.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl
learn/reflection/service
正在加載【learn.reflection.service.IUserService】 實例對象:learn.reflection.service.impl.UserServiceImpl
User{username='張三', password='123'}
調用UserDaoImpl的login方法
驗證用戶【張三】登錄

參考:

反射學習之——IOC小案例

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