#安裝 Zsh-終端皮膚
裝飾終端的顯示 增加易讀性
macOS下測試可以成功使用的命令
手動安裝：
先從git上clone下來整個倉庫：
git clone git://github.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh.git ~/.oh-my-zsh
安裝：將zshrc.zsh-template 拷貝到根目錄下~/.zshrc
cp ~/.oh-my-zsh/templates/zshrc.zsh-template ~/.zshrc
安裝完成之後退出當前會話重新打開一個終端窗口，就可以看見彩色的終端了。
取消/激活Zsh皮膚
You can just use exec to replace your current shell with a new shell:
Switch to bash:
exec bash
Switch to zsh:
exec zsh
This won’t affect new terminal windows or anything, but it’s convenient [5].
Lecture 1: The Shell (2020)
查看日期
➜ Desktop date
Sat May 16 10:54:02 ADT 2020
返回argument - echo
➜ ~ echo hello
hello
使用逃逸字符
➜ ~ echo hello\ world\ with\ spaces
hello world with spaces
系統會在$PATH 變量下尋找所有可能存放命令源文件的地方，來決定是否執行你的文件
➜ terminal_demo echo $PATH
/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/Applications/VMware Fusion.app/Contents/Public:/Library/TeX/texbin:/Library/Apple/usr/bin
可以使用which命令查看 echo這個東西是在哪裏存放的（macOS）
➜ terminal_demo which echo
echo: shell built-in command
關於目錄的命令 pwd、 cd -、隨機遊走：
➜ terminal_demo pwd
/Users/lianda_duan/Downloads/terminal_demo
pwd-----> print working directly
➜ terminal_demo ls
➜ terminal_demo pwd
/Users/lianda_duan/Downloads/terminal_demo
➜ terminal_demo cd ..
➜ Downloads pwd
/Users/lianda_duan/Downloads
cd - 命令： 回到上次所處的文件位置
➜ Downloads cd -
~/Downloads/terminal_demo
➜ terminal_demo
在系統的目錄中隨機遊走(與隨機過程的隨機遊走區分開)，直到找到bin目錄下的 echo命令 返回參數hello\ world
➜ terminal_demo ../../../../../bin/echo hello\ world
hello world
關於ls --help 無法在macOS中運行的問題
On line 222 of _episodes/02-filedir.md, this command does not work on Max OSX, which implements BSD ls rather than GNU ls:
$ ls --help
I get this on a Mac:
$ ls --help
ls: illegal option -- -
usage: ls [-ABCFGHLOPRSTUWabcdefghiklmnopqrstuwx1] [file ...]
See this on that topic. I suggest replacing ls --help by man ls, which works for both BSD and GNU tools [4].
dash
-l long use a long listing format
➜ terminal_demo ls -l
total 0
-rw-r--r-- 1 lianda_duan staff 0 May 17 09:27 demo.py
-rw-r--r-- 1 lianda_duan staff 0 May 17 09:27 demo_2.py
Permission first_group owner
➜ terminal_demo cd /
➜ / ls -l
total 10
drwxrwxr-x+ 69 root admin 2208 May 14 21:07 Applications
drwxr-xr-x 69 root wheel 2208 May 13 17:02 Library
drwxr-xr-x@ 8 root wheel 256 Dec 5 04:23 System
drwxr-xr-x 5 root admin 160 Dec 5 04:21 Users
drwxr-xr-x 4 root wheel 128 May 14 21:40 Volumes
drwxr-xr-x@ 38 root wheel 1216 Apr 10 23:12 bin
drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 64 Nov 9 2019 cores
dr-xr-xr-x 3 root wheel 4666 Apr 24 23:17 dev
lrwxr-xr-x@ 1 root admin 11 Dec 5 07:25 etc -> private/etc
lrwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 25 Apr 24 23:17 home -> /System/Volumes/Data/home
Group-3 read-write-execute
➜ / ls -l /bin
total 4848
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 35824 Apr 6 17:39 [
-r-xr-xr-x 1 root wheel 623472 Apr 6 17:39 bash
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 36768 Apr 6 17:39 cat
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 47264 Apr 6 17:39 chmod
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 42272 Apr 6 17:39 cp
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 529424 Apr 6 17:39 csh
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 110848 Apr 6 17:39 dash
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 41872 Apr 6 17:39 date
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 45120 Apr 6 17:39 dd
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 36512 Apr 6 17:39 df
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 31264 Apr 6 17:39 echo
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 67200 Apr 6 17:39 ed
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 36240 Apr 6 17:39 expr
mv 重命名/更改文件所處的位置
重命名
➜ terminal_demo ls
demo.py demo_2.py demo_storage
➜ terminal_demo echo "rename file demo.py->dddd.py"
rename file demo.py->dddd.py
➜ terminal_demo mv demo.py dddd.py
➜ terminal_demo ls
dddd.py demo_2.py demo_storage
移動位置
➜ terminal_demo ls demo_storage
➜ terminal_demo mv dddd.py demo_storage
➜ terminal_demo ls demo_storage
dddd.py
rmdir
only allowed to remove empty file for safty consern
Input stream and ouput stream
把命令的輸出內容寫入一個文件(使用>的意思是overwrite)
➜ terminal_demo echo "這是我寫入的內容" > hello.txt
➜ terminal_demo ls
demo_2.py demo_storage hello.txt
➜ terminal_demo cat hello.txt
這是我寫入的內容
運行python文件，將結果寫入一個文件
➜ terminal_demo vim demo_2.py
➜ terminal_demo python demo_2.py > hello.txt
➜ terminal_demo cat demo_2.py
for _ in range(10):
print(_)
➜ terminal_demo cat hello.txt
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
重定向cat < hello.txt >hello2.txt
這裏實際上將調用
cat < hello.txt
的輸出結果輸入到另一個文件hello2.txt中。
➜ terminal_demo cat hello.txt
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
➜ terminal_demo cat < hello.txt > hello2.txt
➜ terminal_demo cat hello2.txt
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
➜ terminal_demo
把命令的輸出內容寫入一個文件(使用>>的意思是append)
➜ terminal_demo vim demo_2.py
➜ terminal_demo cat demo_2.py
for _ in range(3):
print(_)
➜ terminal_demo python demo_2.py >hello3.py
➜ terminal_demo cat hello3.py
0
1
2
➜ terminal_demo python demo_2.py >> hello3.py
➜ terminal_demo cat hello3.py
0
1
2
0
1
2
使用pip->| 連接兩個命令
其中tail 是顯示最後一行
#列出所有
➜ terminal_demo ls -l
total 32
-rw-r--r-- 1 lianda_duan staff 29 May 17 10:02 demo_2.py
drwxr-xr-x 3 lianda_duan staff 96 May 17 09:39 demo_storage
-rw-r--r-- 1 lianda_duan staff 20 May 17 09:50 hello.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 lianda_duan staff 20 May 17 10:00 hello2.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 lianda_duan staff 12 May 17 10:02 hello3.py
#顯示最後一行
➜ terminal_demo ls -l | tail -n1
-rw-r--r-- 1 lianda_duan staff 12 May 17 10:02 hello3.py
#顯示最後兩行
➜ terminal_demo ls -l | tail -n2
-rw-r--r-- 1 lianda_duan staff 20 May 17 10:00 hello2.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 lianda_duan staff 12 May 17 10:02 hello3.py
#無用 測試
➜ terminal_demo ls -l | tail
total 32
-rw-r--r-- 1 lianda_duan staff 29 May 17 10:02 demo_2.py
drwxr-xr-x 3 lianda_duan staff 96 May 17 09:39 demo_storage
-rw-r--r-- 1 lianda_duan staff 20 May 17 09:50 hello.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 lianda_duan staff 20 May 17 10:00 hello2.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 lianda_duan staff 12 May 17 10:02 hello3.py
#顯示最後一行（另一種寫法）
➜ terminal_demo ls -l | tail -1
-rw-r--r-- 1 lianda_duan staff 12 May 17 10:02 hello3.py
#顯示最後兩行（另一種寫法）
➜ terminal_demo ls -l | tail -2
-rw-r--r-- 1 lianda_duan staff 20 May 17 10:00 hello2.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 lianda_duan staff 12 May 17 10:02 hello3.py
Data wrangling lecture-------curl | grep?
➜ terminal_demo curl --head --silent google.com
HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently
Location: http://www.google.com/
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
Date: Sun, 17 May 2020 13:17:21 GMT
Expires: Tue, 16 Jun 2020 13:17:21 GMT
Cache-Control: public, max-age=2592000
Server: gws
Content-Length: 219
X-XSS-Protection: 0
X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN
➜ terminal_demo curl --head --silent google.com | grep -i content-length
Content-Length: 219
➜ terminal_demo curl --head --silent google.com | grep -i content-length
Content-Length: 219
➜ terminal_demo curl --head --silent baidu.com
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Sun, 17 May 2020 13:19:28 GMT
Server: Apache
Last-Modified: Tue, 12 Jan 2010 13:48:00 GMT
ETag: "51-47cf7e6ee8400"
Accept-Ranges: bytes
Content-Length: 81
Cache-Control: max-age=86400
Expires: Mon, 18 May 2020 13:19:28 GMT
Connection: Keep-Alive
Content-Type: text/html
➜ terminal_demo curl --head --silent baidu.com | grep -i content-length
Content-Length: 81
#這個命令在mac 下不可運行， 在ubuntu中可以
#返回一個長度信息
➜ terminal_demo curl --head --silent baidu.com | grep -i content-length | cut --delimiter=' ' -f2
超級用戶sudo
sudo + any_command_you_want
sudo 1060 | sudo tee brughtness
tee 命令
這個命令可以寫入東西到一個文件裏面並查看內容
tee 命令
echo 1060 | sudo tee brightness
echo 1 | sudo tee brightness
這個命令只在linux中使用，在mac中用的是open：
xdg-open xxxx.html
Exercise
Link：https://missing.csail.mit.edu/2020/course-shell/
References:
[1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z56Jmr9Z34Q&t=2003s
[2] https://missing.csail.mit.edu/2020/course-shell/
[3] https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/19556676 終端裝飾器參考
[4] https://github.com/swcarpentry/shell-novice/issues/447
[5] https://stackoverflow.com/questions/10341271/switching-from-zsh-to-bash-on-osx-and-back-again/10341338