ImageField實現圖片上傳
步驟
- 在setting.py中設置圖片上傳路徑(配置media)
STATIC_URL = '/static/'
MEDIA_URL = '/media/' # 用於指定url路徑
MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static', 'media') # 用於指定上傳文件的存儲路徑
項目文件結構圖:
- 在根url.py中配置如下代碼:
from django.conf import settings
from django.conf.urls.static import static
from django.views.static import serve
urlpatterns = [
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
# url(r'^media/(?P<path>.*)$',serve,{'document_root':settings.MEDIA_ROOT}), # 生產環境下加入該行,用於在(debug=False)生產環境下顯示圖片,如果不加該行,在生產環境下無法顯示圖片
] + static(settings.MEDIA_URL, document_root=settings.MEDIA_ROOT) #添加該行,爲了上傳和顯示圖片
- 編寫指定應用app的models.py和admin.py文件
- 例子1:生成保存路徑
定義模型:app_name/models.py
import os
import time
import datetime
from django.db import models
def modify_path(instance, filename):
'''
重定義圖片保存路徑
:param instance: self
:param filename: 文件名
:return: 新路徑
'''
ext = filename.split('.').pop()
now_date = datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%Y%m%d')
now_time = int(time.time())
filename = '{0}{1}.{2}'.format(now_date, now_time, ext)
return os.path.join('cover_img', now_date, filename) # 系統路徑分隔符差異,增強代碼重用性
class Post(models.Model):
'''
文章模型
'''
title = models.CharField('標題',max_length=100,default='無標題名',null=True,blank=True)
# upload_to可指定路徑,如upload_to='cover_img',圖片上傳後將保存在 static/media/cover_img/原文件名。這裏我們自行生成保存路徑
cover = models.ImageField('封面', upload_to=modify_path,null=True,blank=True,default='/cover_img/default.jpg')
create_time = models.DateTimeField('創建時間',auto_now=True)
content = models.TextField('文章內容',default='文章內容')
is_publish = models.BooleanField(default=False)
is_comment = models.BooleanField(default=False)
def __str__(self):
return self.title
# 完善後臺數據顯示過長情況
def short_detail(self):
if len(str(self.content)) > 30:
return '{}...'.format(str(self.content)[0:29])
else:
return str(self.content)
short_detail.allow_tags = True
short_detail.short_description = u'文章內容'
註冊到後臺:app_name/admin.py
from django.contrib import admin
from .models import Post
from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe
# Register your models here.
@admin.register(Post)
class PostAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
# content替換爲short_detail (model.py中定義函數名);cover替換爲image_data(image_data函數名)
list_display = ['id','title','image_data','create_time','short_detail','is_publish','is_comment','category'] # 展示列表
list_editable = ['is_publish','is_comment','category'] # 可編輯列表
list_filter = ['title','create_time','is_publish','is_comment','category'] # 可檢索列表
# readonly_fields = ('image_data',) # 必須加這行 否則訪問編輯頁面會報錯
# admin後臺縮略圖顯示
def image_data(self,obj):
return mark_safe(u'<img src="%s" width="100px" />' % obj.cover.url) # cover爲model中定義的cover字段
image_data.short_description = u'封面'
- 例子2:指定保存的文件夾
定義模型:app_name/models.py
from django.db import models
class Layout(models.Model):
main_image = models.ImageField("首頁圖",upload_to='layout_img',default='/layout_img/home-banner.jpg')
# 直接在upload_to指定保存的文件夾
logo_image = models.ImageField("Logo",upload_to='layout_img',default='/layout_img/favicon.ico')
website_name = models.CharField("網站標題名",max_length=10,default='Mr Wolf Blog')
def __str__(self):
return self.website_name
註冊到後臺:app_name/admin.py
from django.contrib import admin
from .models import Blogger,Link,Layout
from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe
# Register your models here.
admin.site.site_title="Mr Wolf Blog"
admin.site.site_header="Mr Wolf博客管理系統"
@admin.register(Layout)
class LayoutAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = ['id','main_img', 'logo_img', 'website_name']
list_editable = ['website_name']
# 縮略圖,後臺展示頁顯示縮略圖
def main_img(self,obj):
return mark_safe(u'<img src="%s" width="100px" />' % obj.main_image.url)
main_img.short_description = u'首頁圖'
def logo_img(self,obj):
return mark_safe(u'<img src="%s" width="100px" />' % obj.logo_image.url)
logo_img.short_description = u'logo'
- 遷移後運行
效果圖:
上傳:
縮略圖顯示: