Flask項目實戰——6—(前臺用戶模型、前臺登錄註冊、圖形驗證碼、手機短信驗證碼、添加表單驗證短信驗證碼請求)

1、前臺用戶模型

前臺用戶模型定義

創建前臺模型文件 apps/front/models.py

# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-
"""
@File    : models.py
@Time    : 2020/5/11 10:00
@Author  : chen
前臺模型文件 apps/front/models.py
"""
# 前臺管理的模型
from exts import db                   # 數據庫連接
import shortuuid                      # 前臺用戶id加密
from datetime import datetime
from werkzeug.security import generate_password_hash, check_password_hash         # 導入密碼加密，解密方法的庫
import enum                           # 導入枚舉


# 性別選擇的類
class GenderEnum(enum.Enum):
    MALE = 1
    FEMALE = 2
    SECRET = 3
    UNKNOW = 4


#   前臺用戶模型類
class Front_User(db.Model):
    __tablename__ = "front_user"
    # id 類型不用db.Integer類型，使用String是爲了防止爆破，同時使用shortuuid進行加密
    id = db.Column(db.String(100), primary_key=True, default=shortuuid.uuid)
    telephone = db.Column(db.String(11), nullable=False, unique=True)             # 非空唯一
    username = db.Column(db.String(150), nullable=False)
    _password = db.Column(db.String(150), nullable=False)                         # 密碼加密操作修改字段
    email = db.Column(db.String(50), unique=True)
    
    realname = db.Column(db.String(50))
    avatar = db.Column(db.String(150))                                            # 頭像，二進制數據
    signatrue = db.Column(db.String(500))                                         # 簽名
    gender = db.Column(db.Enum(GenderEnum), default=GenderEnum.UNKNOW)            # 性別枚舉類，默認未知
    join_time = db.Column(db.DateTime, default=datetime.now)  # 默認當前時間
    
    # 修改密碼加密操作，manage.py映射數據庫時候，使用字段保持相同，由於字段太多，使用傳參形式
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        if 'password' in kwargs:                       # 如果傳參中包含有
            self.password = kwargs.get('password')     # 獲取該參數值賦值給password
            kwargs.pop('password')                     # 模型參數中是_password，不是password，彈出
        
        # super(FrontUser, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)   # python2的寫法
        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)

    # 密碼加密操作
    @property
    def password(self):             # 密碼取值
        return self._password

    @password.setter  # 密碼加密
    def password(self, raw_password):
        self._password = generate_password_hash(raw_password)

    # 用於驗證前臺登錄密碼是否和數據庫一致，raw_password是前臺登錄輸入的密碼
    def check_password(self, raw_password):
        result = check_password_hash(self.password, raw_password)  # 相當於用相同的hash加密算法加密raw_password，檢測與數據庫中是否一致
        return result

前臺用戶模型映射到數據庫

映射數據庫信息文件manage.py

# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-
"""
@File    : manage.py
@Time    : 2020/5/10 17:36
@Author  : chen

"""
from flask_script import Manager
from bbs import app     # 需要將當前文件夾設置爲當前根目錄，纔不會報錯
from flask_migrate import Migrate, MigrateCommand
from exts import db

# 導入後臺模型 才能映射到數據庫     導入後端的模型
from apps.cms.models import CMS_User

# 導入後臺角色模型,映射到數據庫         CMSPersmission角色權限定義類
from apps.cms.models import CMSRole, CMSPersmission

# 導入前臺模型 才能映射到數據庫
from apps.front.models import Front_User

manage = Manager(app)

Migrate(app, db)
manage.add_command('db', MigrateCommand)


# 命令行添加後臺用戶
@manage.option('-u', '--username', dest='username')
@manage.option('-p', '--password', dest='password')
@manage.option('-e', '--email', dest='email')
def create_cms_user(username, password, email):
    user = CMS_User(username=username, password=password, email=email)
    # 添加映射到數據庫，提交至數據庫
    db.session.add(user)
    db.session.commit()
    print("cms後臺用戶添加成功")


# 命令行添加前臺用戶
@manage.option('-t', '--telephone', dest='telephone')
@manage.option('-u', '--username', dest='username')
@manage.option('-p', '--password', dest='password')
def create_front_user(telephone, username, password):
    user = Front_User(telephone=telephone, username=username, password=password)
    # 添加映射到數據庫，提交至數據庫
    db.session.add(user)
    db.session.commit()
    print("front前臺用戶添加成功")


# 添加角色  不傳參用command
@manage.command
def create_role():
    # 訪問者
    visitor = CMSRole(name="訪問者", desc="只能查看數據，不能修改數據")
    visitor.permission = CMSPersmission.VISITOR                         # 權限
    
    # 運營人員
    operator = CMSRole(name="運營人員", desc="管理評論、帖子、管理前臺用戶")
    # 權限或運算，代表包含有運算中的所有權限     二進制的運算 001|010=011
    operator.permission = CMSPersmission.VISITOR | CMSPersmission.POSTER | CMSPersmission.CMSUSER | \
                          CMSPersmission.COMMENTER | CMSPersmission.FRONTUSER
    
    # 管理員
    admin = CMSRole(name="管理員", desc="擁有本系統大部分權限")
    admin.permission = CMSPersmission.VISITOR | CMSPersmission.POSTER | CMSPersmission.CMSUSER | \
                          CMSPersmission.COMMENTER | CMSPersmission.FRONTUSER | CMSPersmission.BOARDER

    # 開發人員
    developer = CMSRole(name="開發人員", desc="擁有本系統所有權限")
    developer.permission = CMSPersmission.ALL_PERMISSION
    
    # 提交數據庫   添加身份字段到數據庫中的表,
    db.session.add_all([visitor, operator, admin, developer])
    db.session.commit()
    return "創建角色成功"


# 測試用戶權限
@manage.command
def test_permission():
    # user = CMS_User.query.first()                          # 查詢第一個用戶，當時創建的用戶還沒有關聯權限，所以應該是沒有權限
    user = CMS_User.query.get(3)
    print(user)                                              # 顯示用戶信息
    if user.has_permissions(CMSPersmission.VISITOR):         # has_permissions方法判定是否具有該權限
        print("這個用戶有訪問者的權限！")
    else:
        print("這個用戶有訪問者的權限！")


# 添加用戶到角色裏面
@manage.option("-e", "--email", dest="email")
@manage.option("-n", "--name", dest="name")
def add_user_to_role(email, name):
    user = CMS_User.query.filter_by(email=email).first()                   # 通過郵箱查詢用戶
    if user:
        role = CMSRole.query.filter_by(name=name).first()                  # 郵箱存在的前提下，通過name查詢角色
        if role:
            role.users.append(user)                                        # 將用戶添加到角色中，list類型數據，role.users是CMSRole中的外鍵
            db.session.commit()                                            # 映射到數據庫
            print("用戶添加到角色成功")
        else:
            print("該角色不存在")
    else:
        print("郵箱不存在")


if __name__ == '__main__':
    manage.run()

命令行執行映射數據庫

python manage.py db migrate
python manage.py db upgrade

命令行添加前臺用戶

python manage.py create_front_user -t 15210438734 -u ch -p 1234

2、前臺登錄註冊

註冊界面搭建

前臺用戶註冊界面：templates/front/front_signup.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>論壇註冊</title>
    <script src="http://cdn.bootcss.com/jquery/3.1.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
    <link href="http://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">

    <!--  導入css,js等靜態文件  -->
    <link href="{{ url_for('static', filename='front/css/front_signbase.css') }}" rel="stylesheet">
<!--    <script src="{{ url_for('static', filename='front/js/front_signup.js') }}"></script>-->


    <script src="http://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
    <div class="outer-box">
        <div class="logo-box">
            <a href="/">
                <img src="{{ url_for('static',filename='common/images/logo.png') }}"/>
            </a>
        </div>
        <h2 class="page-title">BBS論壇註冊</h2>

        <div class="sign-box">
            <div class="form-group">
                <div class="input-group">
                    <input type="text" name="telephone" class="form-control" placeholder="手機號碼">
                    <span class="input-group-btn">
                        <button class="btn btn-default">
                            發送驗證碼
                        </button>
                    </span>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="form-group">
                <input type="text" name="sms_captcha" class="form-control" placeholder="短信驗證碼">
            </div>
            <div class="form-group">
                <input type="text" name="username" class="form-control" placeholder="用戶名">
            </div>
            <div class="form-group">
                <input type="password" name="password" class="form-control" placeholder="密碼">
            </div>
            <div class="form-group">
                <input type="password" name="password2" class="form-control" placeholder="確認密碼">
            </div>
            <div class="form-group">
                <div class="input-group">
                    <input type="text" name="graph_captcha" class="form-control" placeholder="圖形驗證碼">

                    <span class="input-group-addon captcha-addon">
                        圖形驗證碼

                    </span>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="form-group">
                <button class="btn btn-warning btn-block">
                    立即註冊
                </button>
            </div>
        </div>

    </div>
</body>
</html>

前臺註冊界面靜態資源文件：static/front/css/front_base.css

body{
    background: #f3f3f3;
}
.outer-box{
    width: 854px;
    background: #fff;
    margin: 0 auto;
    overflow: hidden;
}
.logo-box{
    text-align: center;
    padding-top: 40px;
}
.logo-box img{
    width: 60px;
    height:60px;
}
.page-title{
    text-align: center;
}
.sign-box{
    width: 300px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding-top: 50px;
}
.captcha-addon{
    padding: 0;
    overflow: hidden;
}
.captcha-img{
    width: 94px;
    height: 32px;
    cursor: pointer;
}

.captcha-addon{
    padding:0;
    /*溢出隱藏*/
    overflow: hidden;
}

.captcha-img{
    width:94px;
    height:32px;
    cursor:pointer;
}

前臺的藍圖文件：apps/front/views.py

# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-
"""
@File    : views.py
@Time    : 2020/5/11 9:59
@Author  : chen
前臺藍圖文件：apps/front/views.py
"""
# 前臺的藍圖文件  類視圖函數寫在這裏
from flask import Blueprint, render_template, views

front_bp = Blueprint("front_bp", __name__)          # 前端不用前綴，直接在首頁顯示


@front_bp.route("/")
def index():
    return "front index：前端的首頁"


# 用戶註冊類視圖
class SingupView(views.MethodView):
    def get(self):
        return render_template("front/front_signup.html")
  
    def post(self):
        pass


# 綁定類視圖的路由
front_bp.add_url_rule("/signup/", view_func=SingupView.as_view("/signup/"))

需要注意的是：在static/common/images/文件夾中添加一個logo.png的圖片文件，用於顯示在註冊界面上方：

3、圖形驗證碼

先導入pillow庫

pip install pillow -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple/

虛擬環境中此項目需要用的庫：

創建圖像驗證碼生成文件：utils/captcha/ _ _ init_ _.py

import random
import string
# Image：一個畫布
# ImageDraw：一個畫筆
# ImageFont:畫筆的字體
from PIL import Image, ImageDraw, ImageFont


# pip install pillow

# Captcha驗證碼
class Captcha(object):
    # 生成幾位數的驗證碼
    number = 4
    # 驗證碼圖片的寬度和高度
    size = (100, 30)
    # 驗證碼字體大小
    fontsize = 30
    # 加入干擾線的條數
    line_number = 2

    # 構建一個驗證碼源文本
    SOURCE = list(string.ascii_letters)
    for index in range(0, 10):
        SOURCE.append(str(index))

    # 用來繪製干擾線
    @classmethod
    def __gene_line(cls, draw, width, height):
        begin = (random.randint(0, width), random.randint(0, height))
        end = (random.randint(0, width), random.randint(0, height))
        draw.line([begin, end], fill=cls.__gene_random_color(), width=2)

    # 用來繪製干擾點
    @classmethod
    def __gene_points(cls, draw, point_chance, width, height):
        chance = min(100, max(0, int(point_chance)))  # 大小限制在[0, 100]
        for w in range(width):
            for h in range(height):
                tmp = random.randint(0, 100)
                if tmp > 100 - chance:
                    draw.point((w, h), fill=cls.__gene_random_color())

    # 生成隨機的顏色
    @classmethod
    def __gene_random_color(cls, start=0, end=255):
        random.seed()
        return (random.randint(start, end), random.randint(start, end), random.randint(start, end))

    # 隨機選擇一個字體
    @classmethod
    def __gene_random_font(cls):
        fonts = [
            'Lobster-Regular.ttf',
            'verdana.ttf'
        ]
        font = random.choice(fonts)          # 隨機選擇一個列表中的字體
        
        return 'utils/captcha/' + font

    # 用來隨機生成一個字符串(包括英文和數字)
    @classmethod
    def gene_text(cls, number):
        # number是生成驗證碼的位數
        return ''.join(random.sample(cls.SOURCE, number))

    # 生成驗證碼
    @classmethod
    def gene_graph_captcha(cls):
        # 驗證碼圖片的寬和高
        width, height = cls.size
        # 創建圖片
        # R：Red（紅色）0-255
        # G：G（綠色）0-255
        # B：B（藍色）0-255
        # A：Alpha（透明度）
        image = Image.new('RGBA', (width, height), cls.__gene_random_color(0, 100))
        # 驗證碼的字體
        font = ImageFont.truetype(cls.__gene_random_font(), cls.fontsize)
        # 創建畫筆
        draw = ImageDraw.Draw(image)
        # 生成字符串
        text = cls.gene_text(cls.number)
        # 獲取字體的尺寸
        font_width, font_height = font.getsize(text)
        # 填充字符串
        draw.text(((width - font_width) / 2, (height - font_height) / 2), text, font=font,
                  fill=cls.__gene_random_color(150, 255))
        # 繪製干擾線
        for x in range(0, cls.line_number):
            cls.__gene_line(draw, width, height)
        # 繪製噪點
        cls.__gene_points(draw, 10, width, height)
        return (text, image)

# 測試文件
# if __name__ == '__main__':
#     c = Captcha()
#     print(c.gene_graph_captcha())

視圖文件apps/front/views.py文件測試圖形驗證碼

# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-
"""
@File    : views.py
@Time    : 2020/5/11 9:59
@Author  : chen
前臺藍圖文件：apps/front/views.py
"""
# 前臺的藍圖文件  類視圖函數寫在這裏
from flask import Blueprint, render_template, views, make_response    # make_response生成response對象，用於返回前端模板

# 導入圖像驗證碼生成文件
from utils.captcha import Captcha

# 圖形驗證碼image是二進制數據，需要轉換成字節流才能使用
from io import BytesIO

front_bp = Blueprint("front", __name__)          # 前端不用前綴，直接在首頁顯示，，front是藍圖，在front_signup.html調用生成圖形驗證碼時候需要用


@front_bp.route("/")
def index():
    return "front index：前端的首頁"


# 圖形驗證碼路由
@front_bp.route("/captcha/")
def graph_captcha():
    try:                                                 # 異常處理
        # 圖像驗證碼生成文件中返回兩個參數   text, image
        text, image = Captcha.gene_graph_captcha()      # 生成圖形驗證碼，image是二進制數據，需要轉換成字節流才能使用
        
        # BytesIO是生成的字節流
        out = BytesIO()
        image.save(out, 'png')                          # 把圖片image保存在字節流中，並指定爲png格式
        # 文件流指針
        out.seek(0)                                     # 從字節流最初開始讀取
        # 生成response對象，用於返回前端模板中
        resp = make_response(out.read())
        resp.content_type = 'image/png'                 # 指定數據類型
    except:
        return graph_captcha()                          # 沒有生成驗證碼就再調用一次
        
    return resp                                         # 返回對象


# 用戶註冊類視圖
class SingupView(views.MethodView):
    def get(self):
        # 圖像驗證碼生成文件中返回兩個參數   text, image
        text, image = Captcha.gene_graph_captcha()
        # print(text)                                         # 驗證碼
        # print(image)                     # 圖形文件，圖形類<PIL.Image.Image image mode=RGBA size=100x30 at 0x1EFC9000C88>
        return render_template("front/front_signup.html")
  
    def post(self):
        pass


# 綁定類視圖的路由
front_bp.add_url_rule("/signup/", view_func=SingupView.as_view("/signup/"))

測試效果如下：

圖形驗證碼渲染到註冊頁面

修改前臺用戶註冊界面：templates/front/front_signup.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>論壇註冊</title>
    <script src="http://cdn.bootcss.com/jquery/3.1.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
    <link href="http://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">

    <!--  導入css,js等靜態文件  -->
    <link href="{{ url_for('static', filename='front/css/front_signbase.css') }}" rel="stylesheet">
<!--    <script src="{{ url_for('static', filename='front/js/front_signup.js') }}"></script>-->


<!--    <script src="http://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>-->
<!--  引入js模板  -->
    <script src="{{ url_for('static', filename='front/js/front_signup.js' ) }}"></script>

</head>
<body>
    <div class="outer-box">
        <div class="logo-box">
            <a href="/">
                <img src="{{ url_for('static',filename='common/images/logo.png') }}"/>
            </a>
        </div>
        <h2 class="page-title">BBS論壇註冊</h2>

        <div class="sign-box">
            <div class="form-group">
                <div class="input-group">
                    <input type="text" name="telephone" class="form-control" placeholder="手機號碼">
                    <span class="input-group-btn">
                        <button class="btn btn-default">
                            發送驗證碼
                        </button>
                    </span>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="form-group">
                <input type="text" name="sms_captcha" class="form-control" placeholder="短信驗證碼">
            </div>
            <div class="form-group">
                <input type="text" name="username" class="form-control" placeholder="用戶名">
            </div>
            <div class="form-group">
                <input type="password" name="password" class="form-control" placeholder="密碼">
            </div>
            <div class="form-group">
                <input type="password" name="password2" class="form-control" placeholder="確認密碼">
            </div>
            <div class="form-group">
                <div class="input-group">
                    <input type="text" name="graph_captcha" class="form-control" placeholder="圖形驗證碼">

                    <span class="input-group-addon captcha-addon">

<!--圖形驗證碼調用 ，id="captcha-img"爲了在front_signup.js綁定刷新驗證碼，('front.graph_captcha')是front藍圖調用views.py生成驗證碼方法，返回的是驗證碼的路由     藍圖名稱.函數名-->
                    <img id="captcha-img" class="captcha-img" src="{{ url_for('front.graph_captcha') }}" alt="">
                    
                    </span>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="form-group">
                <button class="btn btn-warning btn-block">
                    立即註冊
                </button>
            </div>
        </div>

    </div>
</body>
</html>

引入靜態資源文件：static/front/js/front_signup.js

var param = {
    setParam: function (href,key,value) {
        // 重新加載整個頁面
        var isReplaced = false;
        var urlArray = href.split('?');               // 通過？分割url

        // 判定圖形驗證碼的url長度，需要控制長度
        if(urlArray.length > 1){
            var queryArray = urlArray[1].split('&');
            for(var i=0; i < queryArray.length; i++){
                var paramsArray = queryArray[i].split('=');
                if(paramsArray[0] == key){
                    paramsArray[1] = value;
                    queryArray[i] = paramsArray.join('=');
                    isReplaced = true;
                    break;
                }
            }

            if(!isReplaced){
                var params = {};
                params[key] = value;
                if(urlArray.length > 1){
                    href = href + '&' + $.param(params);
                }else{
                    href = href + '?' + $.param(params);
                }
            }else{
                var params = queryArray.join('&');
                urlArray[1] = params;
                href = urlArray.join('?');
            }
        }else{
            var param = {};
            param[key] = value;
            if(urlArray.length > 1){
                href = href + '&' + $.param(param);
            }else{
                href = href + '?' + $.param(param);
            }
        }
        return href;
    }
};


var lgajax = {
    'get':function(args) {
        args['method'] = 'get';
        this.ajax(args);
    },
    'post':function(args) {
        args['method'] = 'post';
        this.ajax(args);
    },
    'ajax':function(args) {
        // 設置csrftoken
        this._ajaxSetup();
        $.ajax(args);
    },
    '_ajaxSetup': function() {
        $.ajaxSetup({
            'beforeSend':function(xhr,settings) {
                if (!/^(GET|HEAD|OPTIONS|TRACE)$/i.test(settings.type) && !this.crossDomain) {
                    var csrftoken = $('meta[name=csrf-token]').attr('content');
                    xhr.setRequestHeader("X-CSRFToken", csrftoken)
                }
            }
        });
    }
};

$(function(){
    // #captcha-img綁定這個id,在front_signup.html文件中綁定圖形驗證碼的id
    $('#captcha-img').click(function (event) {
        var self = $(this);
        var src = self.attr('src');
        // 每次 click之後，srcd地址改變，圖形驗證碼就會刷新
        var newsrc = param.setParam(src,'xx',Math.random());
        self.attr('src',newsrc);
    });
});


// $(function () {
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// })

$(function () {
    // 綁定手機發送驗證碼按鈕
    $("#sms-captcha-btn").click(function (event) {
        event.preventDefault();
        var self = $(this);
        var telephone = $("input[name='telephone']").val();
        if(!(/^1[345879]\d{9}$/.test(telephone))){

            lgalert.alertInfo('請輸入正確的手機號碼！');                 // 定義lgalert，需要導入static/comment/sweetalert/lgalert.js
            return;
        }
        var timestamp = (new Date).getTime();                                   // 當前時間戳

        var sign = md5(timestamp+telephone+"q3423805gdflvbdfvhsdoa`#$%");      // md5加密sign，防止惡意發送請求手機的驗證碼
        lgajax.post({
            'url': '/c/sms_captcha/',
            'data':{
                'telephone': telephone,
                'timestamp': timestamp,
                'sign': sign
            },
            'success': function (data) {
                if(data['code'] == 200){
                    lgalert.alertSuccessToast('短信驗證碼發送成功！');
                    self.attr("disabled",'disabled');
                    var timeCount = 60;                                      // 手機驗證碼發送成功後開始計時
                    var timer = setInterval(function () {
                        timeCount--;                                         // 60-1
                        self.text(timeCount);
                        if(timeCount <= 0){
                            self.removeAttr('disabled');
                            clearInterval(timer);
                            self.text('發送驗證碼');
                        }
                    },1000);
                }else{
                    lgalert.alertInfoToast(data['message']);
                }
            }
        });
    });
});

$(function(){
    $("#submit-btn").click(function(event){
        event.preventDefault();
        var telephone_input = $("input[name='telephone']");
        var sms_captcha_input = $("input[name='sms_captcha']");
        var username_input = $("input[name='username']");
        var password1_input = $("input[name='password1']");
        var password2_input = $("input[name='password2']");
        var graph_captcha_input = $("input[name='graph_captcha']");

        var telephone = telephone_input.val();
        var sms_captcha = sms_captcha_input.val();
        var username = username_input.val();
        var password1 = password1_input.val();
        var password2 = password2_input.val();
        var graph_captcha = graph_captcha_input.val();

        lgajax.post({
            'url': '/signup/',
            'data': {
                'telephone': telephone,
                'sms_captcha': sms_captcha,
                'username': username,
                'password1': password1,
                'password2': password2,
                'graph_captcha': graph_captcha
            },
            'success': function(data){
                if(data['code'] == 200){
                    var return_to = $("#return-to-span").text();
                    if(return_to){
                        window.location = return_to;
                    }else{
                        window.location = '/';
                    }
                }else{
                    lgalert.alertInfo(data['message']);
                }
            },
            'fail': function(){
                lgalert.alertNetworkError();
            }
        });
    });
});

渲染效果如下：

4、手機短信驗證碼

手機短信發送平臺：
雲片
阿里大於
（都需要充錢）

這個項目使用的是雲片，查看雲片SDK的github網頁：

https://github.com/yunpian/yunpian-python-sdk

導入
pip install yunpian-python-sdk

創建生成手機短信驗證碼發送文件：utils/send_telephone_msg.py

# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-
"""
@File    : send_telephone_msg.py
@Time    : 2020/5/22 16:18
@Author  : chen
發送驗證碼到手機的功能：utils/send_telephone_msg.py
"""
# 發送驗證碼到手機的功能
from yunpian_python_sdk.model import constant as YC
from yunpian_python_sdk.ypclient import YunpianClient


# 封裝成方法
def send_telephone_msg(telephone, code):
    # 初始化client,apikey作爲所有請求的默認值
    # clnt = YunpianClient('70b0eb56669841bbecff6c000c99d7e7')                                 # API key是雲片賬號中綁定的私有的
    clnt = YunpianClient('xxx')  # API key是雲片賬號中綁定的私有的
    
    param = {YC.MOBILE: telephone, YC.TEXT: '【xxx】您的驗證碼是{}'.format(code)}
    r = clnt.sms().single_send(param)
    return r.code()                                                                            # 返回發送狀態碼
    

# print(r.code())    # 0    代表發送成功
# print(r.msg())     # 發送成功
# print(r.data())    # {'code': 0, 'msg': '發送成功', 'count': 1, 'fee': 0.05, 'unit': 'RMB', 'mobile': '13316551764', 'sid': 54051316288}
# 獲取返回結果, 返回碼:r.code(),返回碼描述:r.msg(),API結果:r.data(),其他說明:r.detail(),調用異常:r.exception()
# 短信:clnt.sms() 賬戶:clnt.user() 簽名:clnt.sign() 模版:clnt.tpl() 語音:clnt.voice() 流量:clnt.flow()

在共有文件夾中添加生成手機驗證碼功能文件：視圖文件：apps/common/views.py

# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-
# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-
"""
@File    : views.py
@Time    : 2020/5/11 9:59
@Author  : chen
視圖文件：apps/common/views.py
"""
# 導入手機驗證碼生成文件
from utils.send_telephone_msg import send_phone_msg

from utils import restful
from utils.captcha import Captcha
from flask import Blueprint, request


common_bp = Blueprint("common", __name__, url_prefix='/c')      # 視圖common，url前綴c,在


# 手機驗證碼生成文件
@common_bp.route("/sms_captcha/", methods=['POST'])
def sms_captcha():
    telephone = request.form.get('telephone')        # 表單信息收集
    
    if not telephone:
        return restful.params_error(message="請填寫手機號")              # 手機信息不存在，輸出錯誤
    
    captcha = Captcha.gene_text(number=4)                               # 生成4位驗證碼,這裏生成的是驗證碼，要發送到手機端的，不能是圖形驗證碼
    # captcha = get_random_captcha(num=4):                              # 或者使用utils/random_captcha.py文件中的隨機生成驗證碼
    
    # 調用send_telephone_msg.py中send_phone_msg方法發送4位驗證碼到手機中
    if send_phone_msg(telephone, captcha) == 0:                         # 返回成功的狀態碼爲 0
        return restful.success()
    else:
        return restful.params_error("手機驗證碼發送失敗")                 # 手機驗證碼發送失敗

註冊公有藍圖文件到主程序文件：bbs.py

# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-
"""
@File    : bbs.py
@Time    : 2020/5/11 9:46
@Author  : chen

"""
# 項目主文件，啓動入口

# 前臺  front    管理前端界面的邏輯
# 後臺  cms      管理後端的操作
# 公有的文件 common

from flask import Flask
import config                              # 配置文件庫
from exts import db, mail                  # 第三方庫導入db,mail
from apps.cms.views import cms_bp          # 導入後端藍圖文件
from apps.front.views import front_bp      # 導入前端藍圖文件
from apps.common.views import common_bp    # 導入公有藍圖文件
from flask_wtf import CSRFProtect          # CSRF表單保護驗證

app = Flask(__name__)

CSRFProtect(app)                           # CSRF保護app

app.config.from_object(config)             # 添加配置

db.init_app(app)                           # 綁定app
mail.init_app(app)                         # mail綁定app

app.register_blueprint(cms_bp)             # 後端藍圖文件註冊
app.register_blueprint(front_bp)           # 前端藍圖文件註冊
app.register_blueprint(common_bp)         # 公有藍圖文件註冊


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(debug=True, port=9999)

但是還需要考慮到前端界面SCRF的驗證問題，需要修改front_signup.html文件

關聯前端界面的發送驗證碼按鈕：front_signup.html，並添加CSRF驗證

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">

    <!--  在頭文件中接收csrf信息  -->
    <meta name="csrf-token" content="{{ csrf_token() }}">

    <title>論壇註冊</title>
    <script src="http://cdn.bootcss.com/jquery/3.1.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
    <link href="http://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">

    <!--  導入css,js等靜態文件  -->
    <link href="{{ url_for('static', filename='front/css/front_signbase.css') }}" rel="stylesheet">
<!--    <script src="{{ url_for('static', filename='front/js/front_signup.js') }}"></script>-->


<!--    <script src="http://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>-->
<!--  引入js  -->
    <script src="{{ url_for('static', filename='front/js/front_signup.js' ) }}"></script>

    <!--  導入static/comment/sweetalert/lgalert.js,提示框的靜態資源文件  -->
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="{{ url_for('static', filename='common/sweetalert/sweetalert.css') }}">
<!-- 關聯提示框的js樣式  -->
    <script src="{{ url_for('static', filename='common/sweetalert/lgalert.js') }}"></script>
    <script src="{{ url_for('static', filename='common/sweetalert/sweetalert.min.js') }}"></script>
<!--MD5加密-->
    <script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/blueimp-md5/2.10.0/js/md5.js"></script>

</head>
<body>
    <div class="outer-box">
        <div class="logo-box">
            <a href="/">
                <img src="{{ url_for('static',filename='common/images/logo.png') }}"/>
            </a>
        </div>
        <h2 class="page-title">BBS論壇註冊</h2>

        <div class="sign-box">
            <div class="form-group">
                <div class="input-group">
                    <input type="text" name="telephone" class="form-control" placeholder="手機號碼">
                    <span class="input-group-btn">

                        <!--  綁定sms-captcha-btn的按鈕id，id顯示在front_signup.html   -->
                        <button class="btn btn-default" id="sms-captcha-btn">
                            發送驗證碼
                        </button>
                        
                    </span>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="form-group">
                <input type="text" name="sms_captcha" class="form-control" placeholder="短信驗證碼">
            </div>
            <div class="form-group">
                <input type="text" name="username" class="form-control" placeholder="用戶名">
            </div>
            <div class="form-group">
                <input type="password" name="password" class="form-control" placeholder="密碼">
            </div>
            <div class="form-group">
                <input type="password" name="password2" class="form-control" placeholder="確認密碼">
            </div>
            <div class="form-group">
                <div class="input-group">
                    <input type="text" name="graph_captcha" class="form-control" placeholder="圖形驗證碼">

                    <span class="input-group-addon captcha-addon">

                        <!--圖形驗證碼調用 ，id="captcha-img"爲了在front_signup.js綁定刷新驗證碼，('front.graph_captcha')是front藍圖調用views.py生成驗證碼方法，返回的是驗證碼的路由 -->
                       <img id="captcha-img" class="captcha-img" src="{{ url_for('front.graph_captcha') }}" alt="">

                    </span>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="form-group">
                <button class="btn btn-warning btn-block">
                    立即註冊
                </button>
            </div>
        </div>

    </div>
</body>
</html>

5、添加表單驗證短信驗證碼請求

當前的短信請求只需要調用路由，就會被執行，不夠安全，需要進行Form表單驗證：利用下面的三個表單信息進行驗證：

telephone: [phone]
timestamp: 1590218267779
sign: 3a94b6c107973b94e557d909fcea54cc

表單驗證文件：apps/common/forms.py:驗證當前頁面的請求是否正常

# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-
# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-
"""
@File    : forms.py
@Time    : 2020/5/11 10:00
@Author  : chen
表單驗證文件：apps/common/forms.py
"""
# 表單驗證手機短信驗證碼
from wtforms import Form
from wtforms import StringField
from wtforms.validators import InputRequired, Regexp
import hashlib          # 哈希md5加密

''' 頁面請求Form會有下面三個表單信息，利用他們進行驗證當前頁面的請求是否正常
telephone: [phone]
timestamp: 1590218267779
sign: 3a94b6c107973b94e557d909fcea54cc
'''


# 調用front_signup.js中生成的sign進行Form驗證當前頁面的請求是否正常
class SMSCaptchaForm(Form):
    telephone = StringField(validators=[Regexp(r'1[2345789]\d{9}')])        # 正則表達式驗證手機號碼
    timestamp = StringField(validators=[Regexp(r'\d{13}')])                 # 正則表達式驗證時間戳長度
    sign = StringField(validators=[InputRequired])                          # 請求中需要有sign

    # 驗證前端發送過來的sign和後端md5加密之後的sign是否一致
    def validate_sign(self, field):
        telephone = self.telephone.data
        timestamp = self.timestamp.data
        sign = self.sign.data
        
        # 服務端自己加密之後生成的sign，都是md5加密,加密的內容是通過front_signup.js中的加密內容相同
        # md5加密前需要轉碼才行.encode('utf-8');             .hexdigest()將加密後內容轉換成字符串
        sign2 = hashlib.md5((timestamp+telephone+"q3423805gdflvbdfvhsdoa`#$%").encode('utf-8')).hexdigest()
        print("客戶端sign %s" % sign)
        print("服務端sign2 %s" % sign2)
        
        # 驗證客戶端sign和服務端sign2是否相同
        if sign == sign2:
            return True
        else:
            return False

修改視圖文件：apps/common/views.py

# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-
"""
@File    : views.py
@Time    : 2020/5/11 9:59
@Author  : chen
視圖文件：apps/common/views.py
"""
# 導入手機驗證碼生成文件
from utils.send_telephone_msg import send_phone_msg

from utils import restful
from utils.captcha import Captcha
from flask import Blueprint, request

# 導入form表單信息驗證客戶端sign2和服務端sign
from apps.common.forms import SMSCaptchaForm

common_bp = Blueprint("common", __name__, url_prefix='/c')      # 視圖common，url前綴c,在


# 手機驗證碼生成文件，這部分是隻要調用當前路由請求，就會發送短信驗證碼，
# 需要利用sign = md5(timestamp+telephone+"q3423805gdflvbdfvhsdoa`#$%")，在front_signup.js文件中調用
# @common_bp.route("/sms_captcha/", methods=['POST'])
# def sms_captcha():
#     telephone = request.form.get('telephone')        # 表單信息收集
#
#     if not telephone:
#         return restful.params_error(message="請填寫手機號")              # 手機信息不存在，輸出錯誤
#
#     captcha = Captcha.gene_text(number=4)                               # 生成4位驗證碼,這裏生成的是驗證碼，要發送到手機端的，不能是圖形驗證碼
#     # captcha = get_random_captcha(num=4):                              # 或者使用utils/random_captcha.py文件中的隨機生成驗證碼
#
#     # 調用send_telephone_msg.py中send_phone_msg方法發送4位驗證碼到手機中
#     if send_phone_msg(telephone, captcha) == 0:                         # 返回成功的狀態碼爲 0
#         return restful.success()
#     else:
#         return restful.params_error("手機驗證碼發送失敗")                 # 手機驗證碼發送失敗


# 在front_signup.js文件中調用sign = md5()驗證表單信息.
@common_bp.route("/sms_captcha/", methods=['POST'])
def sms_captcha():
    form = SMSCaptchaForm(request.form)               # 收集form表單信息
    
    if form.validate():                               # 表單信息存在
        return restful.success()
    else:
        return restful.params_error(message="參數錯誤")   

還需要使用工具對js代碼中的md5加密方式進行加密：

js在線加密網址

將加密後的包含md5加密方法function在front_signup.js文件中進行替換：
修改靜態資源文件：static/front/js/front_signup.js

var param = {
    setParam: function (href,key,value) {
        // 重新加載整個頁面
        var isReplaced = false;
        var urlArray = href.split('?');               // 通過？分割url

        // 判定圖形驗證碼的url長度，需要控制長度
        if(urlArray.length > 1){
            var queryArray = urlArray[1].split('&');
            for(var i=0; i < queryArray.length; i++){
                var paramsArray = queryArray[i].split('=');
                if(paramsArray[0] == key){
                    paramsArray[1] = value;
                    queryArray[i] = paramsArray.join('=');
                    isReplaced = true;
                    break;
                }
            }

            if(!isReplaced){
                var params = {};
                params[key] = value;
                if(urlArray.length > 1){
                    href = href + '&' + $.param(params);
                }else{
                    href = href + '?' + $.param(params);
                }
            }else{
                var params = queryArray.join('&');
                urlArray[1] = params;
                href = urlArray.join('?');
            }
        }else{
            var param = {};
            param[key] = value;
            if(urlArray.length > 1){
                href = href + '&' + $.param(param);
            }else{
                href = href + '?' + $.param(param);
            }
        }
        return href;
    }
};


var lgajax = {
    'get':function(args) {
        args['method'] = 'get';
        this.ajax(args);
    },
    'post':function(args) {
        args['method'] = 'post';
        this.ajax(args);
    },
    'ajax':function(args) {
        // 設置csrftoken
        this._ajaxSetup();
        $.ajax(args);
    },
    '_ajaxSetup': function() {
        $.ajaxSetup({
            'beforeSend':function(xhr,settings) {
                if (!/^(GET|HEAD|OPTIONS|TRACE)$/i.test(settings.type) && !this.crossDomain) {
                    var csrftoken = $('meta[name=csrf-token]').attr('content');
                    xhr.setRequestHeader("X-CSRFToken", csrftoken)
                }
            }
        });
    }
};

$(function(){
    // #captcha-img綁定這個id,在front_signup.html文件中綁定圖形驗證碼的id
    $('#captcha-img').click(function (event) {
        var self = $(this);
        var src = self.attr('src');
        // 每次 click之後，srcd地址改變，圖形驗證碼就會刷新
        var newsrc = param.setParam(src,'xx',Math.random());
        self.attr('src',newsrc);
    });
});


// $(function () {
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// })

// js加密方法，使得md5加密方式不被破解
$(function () {
    /*
 * 加密工具已經升級了一個版本，目前爲 sojson.v5 ，主要加強了算法，以及防破解【絕對不可逆】配置，耶穌也無法100%還原，我說的。;
 * 已經打算把這個工具基礎功能一直免費下去。還希望支持我。
 * 另外 sojson.v5 已經強制加入校驗，註釋可以去掉，但是 sojson.v5 不能去掉（如果你開通了VIP，可以手動去掉），其他都沒有任何綁定。
 * 誓死不會加入任何後門，sojson JS 加密的使命就是爲了保護你們的Javascript 。
 * 警告：如果您惡意去掉 sojson.v5 那麼我們將不會保護您的JavaScript代碼。請遵守規則
 * 新版本: https://www.jsjiami.com/ 支持批量加密，支持大文件加密，擁有更多加密。 */
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});

// $(function () {
//     // 綁定手機發送驗證碼按鈕
//     $("#sms-captcha-btn").click(function (event) {
//         event.preventDefault();
//         var self = $(this);
//         var telephone = $("input[name='telephone']").val();
//         if(!(/^1[345879]\d{9}$/.test(telephone))){
//
//             lgalert.alertInfo('請輸入正確的手機號碼！');                 // 定義lgalert，需要導入static/comment/sweetalert/lgalert.js
//             return;
//         }
//         var timestamp = (new Date).getTime();                                   // 當前時間戳
//
//         var sign = md5(timestamp+telephone+"q3423805gdflvbdfvhsdoa`#$%");      // md5加密sign，防止惡意發送請求手機的驗證碼
//         lgajax.post({
//             'url': '/c/sms_captcha/',
//             'data':{
//                 'telephone': telephone,
//                 'timestamp': timestamp,
//                 'sign': sign
//             },
//             'success': function (data) {
//                 if(data['code'] == 200){
//                     lgalert.alertSuccessToast('短信驗證碼發送成功！');
//                     self.attr("disabled",'disabled');
//                     var timeCount = 60;                                      // 手機驗證碼發送成功後開始計時
//                     var timer = setInterval(function () {
//                         timeCount--;                                         // 60-1
//                         self.text(timeCount);
//                         if(timeCount <= 0){
//                             self.removeAttr('disabled');
//                             clearInterval(timer);
//                             self.text('發送驗證碼');
//                         }
//                     },1000);
//                 }else{
//                     lgalert.alertInfoToast(data['message']);
//                 }
//             }
//         });
//     });
// });

$(function(){
    $("#submit-btn").click(function(event){
        event.preventDefault();
        var telephone_input = $("input[name='telephone']");
        var sms_captcha_input = $("input[name='sms_captcha']");
        var username_input = $("input[name='username']");
        var password1_input = $("input[name='password1']");
        var password2_input = $("input[name='password2']");
        var graph_captcha_input = $("input[name='graph_captcha']");

        var telephone = telephone_input.val();
        var sms_captcha = sms_captcha_input.val();
        var username = username_input.val();
        var password1 = password1_input.val();
        var password2 = password2_input.val();
        var graph_captcha = graph_captcha_input.val();

        lgajax.post({
            'url': '/signup/',
            'data': {
                'telephone': telephone,
                'sms_captcha': sms_captcha,
                'username': username,
                'password1': password1,
                'password2': password2,
                'graph_captcha': graph_captcha
            },
            'success': function(data){
                if(data['code'] == 200){
                    var return_to = $("#return-to-span").text();
                    if(return_to){
                        window.location = return_to;
                    }else{
                        window.location = '/';
                    }
                }else{
                    lgalert.alertInfo(data['message']);
                }
            },
            'fail': function(){
                lgalert.alertNetworkError();
            }
        });
    });
});

實現效果如下：