1、postgis擴展
1.1、安裝postgis(先安裝postgresql)
注意postgis和postgresql的版本要一致,我自己裝的是postgresql10。下載後直接安裝即可(postgis的安裝路徑是在postgresql下)1.2、在指定的數據庫下添加postgis擴展
CREATE EXTENSION postgis
2、空間字段的創建和空間數據的格式
--創建空間字段點
SELECT addgeometrycolumn('public','tablename','point_geom',4326,'POINT',2)
--創建空間字段線
SELECT addgeometrycolumn('public','tablename','line_geom',4326,'LINESTRING',2)
--創建空間字段面
SELECT addgeometrycolumn('public','tablename','polygon_geom',4326,'POLYGON',2)
2、使用postgresql寫入空間數據
#!usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
@Author :
@Email :
@Time : 2020/5/26 11:31
@File : base.py
@Software: PyCharm
"""
import psycopg2
database='task_algorithm'
user='postgres'
password='zgh@@123'
host='localhost'
port='5432'
#連接數據庫
def connect_db():
try:
conn = psycopg2.connect(database=database, user=user, password=password, host=host, port=port)
except Exception as e:
print('數據庫連接失敗')
else:
return conn
return None
#關閉數據庫連接
def close_db_connection(conn):
conn.commit()
conn.close()
def join_path(point_list):
"""
將離散度的點拼接成線
:param point_list:
:return:
"""
lines=""
for i in range(len(point_list)-1):
lines+=str(point_list[i][0])+" "+str(point_list[i][1])+","
lines+=str(point_list[-1][0])+" "+str(point_list[-1][1])
linestring = "srid=4326;LINESTRING({line})".format(line=lines)
return linestring
def join_polygon(point_list):
"""
將離散的點拼接成面
:param point_list:
:return:
"""
poly=""
for i in range(len(point_list)):
poly+=str(point_list[i][0])+" "+str(point_list[i][1])+","
poly+=str(point_list[0][0])+" "+str(point_list[0][1])
polygon = "srid=4326;POLYGON(({poly}))".format(poly=poly)
return polygon
#創建表
conn = connect_db()
cur = conn.cursor()
create_sql = "CREATE TABLE if not exists {copy_table}(id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,type int2,typename text)".format(
copy_table="test")
cur.execute(create_sql)
#創建空間字段點
point_geom_sql="SELECT addgeometrycolumn('public','{copy_table}','point_geom',4326,'POINT',2)".format(
copy_table="test")
cur.execute(point_geom_sql)
#創建空間字段線
line_geom_sql="SELECT addgeometrycolumn('public','{copy_table}','line_geom',4326,'LINESTRING',2)".format(
copy_table="test")
cur.execute(line_geom_sql)
# 創建空間字段面
polygon_geom_sql="SELECT addgeometrycolumn('public','{copy_table}','polygon_geom',4326,'POLYGON',2)".format(
copy_table="test")
cur.execute(polygon_geom_sql)
#插入點數據
point_list = [[120,30],[121,30],[120.5,31]]
for point in point_list:
#空間數據第一種組織方式
#point_geom= "srid=4326;POINT("+str(point[0])+" "+str(point[1])+")"
#空間數據第二種組織方式
point_geom = "ST_GeomFromText('POINT("+str(point[0])+" "+str(point[1])+")'"+",4326)"
insert_point_sql = "INSERT INTO {table}(type,typename,point_geom) VALUES('{type}','{typename}',{point_geom})".format(
table='test',type=1,typename='點',point_geom=point_geom)
print(insert_point_sql)
cur.execute(insert_point_sql)
#插入線數據
linstring = join_path(point_list)
insert_line_sql="INSERT INTO {table}(type,typename,line_geom)VALUES('{type}','{typename}','{line_geom}')".format(
table='test',type=2,typename='線',line_geom=linstring)
cur.execute(insert_line_sql)
#插入面數據
polygon = join_polygon(point_list)
insert_poly_sql="INSERT INTO {table}(type,typename,polygon_geom)VALUES('{type}','{typename}','{polygon_geom}')".format(
table='test',type=3,typename='面',polygon_geom=polygon)
print(insert_poly_sql)
cur.execute(insert_poly_sql)
cur.close()
close_db_connection(conn)
3、在qgis中查看結果
3.1、qgis連接postgis數據庫
3.2、加載矢量結果