Linux程序設計之套接字： TCP網絡服務器源碼

    大家都知道各類網絡服務器程序的編寫步驟，並且都知道網絡服務器就兩大類：循環服務和併發服務。這裏附上源代碼來個小結吧。

    下面是一個TCP循環服務器源程序，因爲用fork()進行多進程服務，父進程負責監聽和連接，子進程負責與客戶端進行通信，所以這種服務現實中也有用。源代碼如下：

/*----------------------源代碼開始--------------------------------------------*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
/*********************************************************************
*filename: cycletcpserver.c
*purpose: 循環tcp服務端程序
*tidied by: zhoulifa([email protected]) 周立發(http://zhoulifa.9999mb.com)
Linux愛好者 Linux知識傳播者 SOHO族 開發者 最擅長C語言
*date time:2006-07-04 22:00:00
*Note: 任何人可以任意複製代碼並運用這些文檔，當然包括你的商業用途
* 但請遵循GPL
*Thanks to: Google.com
*********************************************************************/
int main(int argc, char ** argv)
{
    int sockfd,new_fd; /* 監聽socket: sock_fd,數據傳輸socket: new_fd */
    struct sockaddr_in my_addr; /* 本機地址信息 */
    struct sockaddr_in their_addr; /* 客戶地址信息 */
    unsigned int sin_size, myport, lisnum;

    if(argv[1])  myport = atoi(argv[1]);
    else myport = 7838;

    if(argv[2])  lisnum = atoi(argv[2]);
    else lisnum = 2;

    if ((sockfd = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) == -1) {
        perror("socket");
        exit(1);
    }
    my_addr.sin_family=PF_INET;
    my_addr.sin_port=htons(myport);
    my_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
    bzero(&(my_addr.sin_zero), 0);
    if (bind(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&my_addr, sizeof(struct sockaddr)) == -1) {
        perror("bind");
        exit(1);
    }

    if (listen(sockfd, lisnum) == -1) {
        perror("listen");
        exit(1);
    }
    while(1) {
        sin_size = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
        if ((new_fd = accept(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&their_addr, &sin_size)) == -1) {
            perror("accept");
            continue;
        }
        printf("server: got connection from %s\n",inet_ntoa(their_addr.sin_addr));
        if (!fork()) { /* 子進程代碼段 */
            if (send(new_fd, "Hello, world!\n", 14, 0) == -1) {
                perror("send");
                close(new_fd);
                exit(0);
            }
        }
        close(new_fd); /*父進程不再需要該socket*/
        waitpid(-1,NULL,WNOHANG);/*等待子進程結束，清除子進程所佔用資源*/
    }
}
/*----------------------源代碼結束--------------------------------------------*/

    下面是一個演示I/O多路複用的源程序，是一個端口轉發程序，但它的用處相當大，實際應用中的各類代理軟件或端口映射軟件都是基於這樣的代碼的，比如Windows下的WinGate、WinProxy等都是在此基礎上實現的。源代碼如下：

/*----------------------源代碼開始--------------------------------------------*/
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <errno.h>

static int forward_port;

#undef max
#define max(x,y) ((x) > (y) ? (x) : (y))

/*************************關於本文檔************************************
*filename: tcpforwardport.c
*purpose: 演示了select的用法，這是一個極好的代理軟件核心，專門作端口映射用
*tidied by: zhoulifa([email protected]) 周立發(http://zhoulifa.9999mb.com)
Linux愛好者 Linux知識傳播者 SOHO族 開發者 最擅長C語言
*date time:2006-07-05 19:00:00
*Note: 任何人可以任意複製代碼並運用這些文檔，當然包括你的商業用途
* 但請遵循GPL
*Thanks to: Paul Sheer 感謝Paul Sheer在select_tut的man手冊裏提供了這份源代碼
*Hope:希望越來越多的人貢獻自己的力量，爲科學技術發展出力
*********************************************************************/

static int listen_socket (int listen_port) {
    struct sockaddr_in a;
    int s;
    int yes;
    if ((s = socket (AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0) {
        perror ("socket");
        return -1;
    }
    yes = 1;
    if (setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, (char *) &yes, sizeof (yes)) <
0) {
        perror ("setsockopt");
        close (s);
        return -1;
    }
    memset (&a, 0, sizeof (a));
    a.sin_port = htons (listen_port);
    a.sin_family = AF_INET;
    if (bind(s, (struct sockaddr *) &a, sizeof (a)) < 0) {
        perror ("bind");
        close (s);
        return -1;
    }
    printf ("accepting connections on port %d\n", (int) listen_port);
    listen (s, 10);
    return s;
}

static int connect_socket (int connect_port, char *address) {
    struct sockaddr_in a;
    int s;
    if ((s = socket (AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0) {
        perror ("socket");
        close (s);
        return -1;
    }

    memset (&a, 0, sizeof (a));
    a.sin_port = htons (connect_port);
    a.sin_family = AF_INET;

    if (!inet_aton(address, (struct in_addr *) &a.sin_addr.s_addr)) {
        perror ("bad IP address format");
        close (s);
        return -1;
    }

    if (connect(s, (struct sockaddr *) &a, sizeof (a)) < 0) {
        perror ("connect()");
        shutdown (s, SHUT_RDWR);
        close (s);
        return -1;
    }
    return s;
}

#define SHUT_FD1 { \
    if (fd1 >= 0) {   \
        shutdown (fd1, SHUT_RDWR);  \
        close (fd1);  \
        fd1 = -1;     \
    }   \
}

#define SHUT_FD2 { \
    if (fd2 >= 0) {   \
        shutdown (fd2, SHUT_RDWR);  \
        close (fd2);  \
        fd2 = -1;     \
    }   \
}

#define BUF_SIZE 1024

int main (int argc, char **argv) {
    int h;
    int fd1 = -1, fd2 = -1;
    char buf1[BUF_SIZE], buf2[BUF_SIZE];
    int buf1_avail, buf1_written;
    int buf2_avail, buf2_written;

    if (argc != 4) {
        fprintf (stderr, "Usage\n\tfwd   \n");
        exit (1);
    }

    signal (SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);

    forward_port = atoi (argv[2]);

    /*建立監聽socket*/
    h = listen_socket (atoi (argv[1]));
    if (h < 0) exit (1);

    for (;;) {
        int r, nfds = 0;
        fd_set rd, wr, er;
        FD_ZERO (&rd);
        FD_ZERO (&wr);
        FD_ZERO (&er);
        FD_SET (h, &rd);

        /*把監聽socket和可讀socket三個一起放入select的可讀句柄列表裏*/
        nfds = max (nfds, h);
        if (fd1 > 0 && buf1_avail < BUF_SIZE) {
            FD_SET (fd1, &rd);
            nfds = max (nfds, fd1);
        }
        if (fd2 > 0 && buf2_avail < BUF_SIZE) {
            FD_SET (fd2, &rd);
            nfds = max (nfds, fd2);
        }

        /*把可寫socket兩個一起放入select的可寫句柄列表裏*/
        if (fd1 > 0 && buf2_avail - buf2_written > 0) {
            FD_SET (fd1, &wr);
            nfds = max (nfds, fd1);
        }
        if (fd2 > 0 && buf1_avail - buf1_written > 0) {
            FD_SET (fd2, &wr);
            nfds = max (nfds, fd2);
        }

        /*把有異常數據的socket兩個一起放入select的異常句柄列表裏*/
        if (fd1 > 0) {
            FD_SET (fd1, &er);
            nfds = max (nfds, fd1);
        }
        if (fd2 > 0) {
            FD_SET (fd2, &er);
            nfds = max (nfds, fd2);
        }

        /*開始select*/
        r = select (nfds + 1, &rd, &wr, &er, NULL);

        if (r == -1 && errno == EINTR) continue;
        if (r < 0) {
            perror ("select()");
            exit (1);
        }

        /*處理新連接*/
        if (FD_ISSET (h, &rd)) {
            unsigned int l;
            struct sockaddr_in client_address;
            memset (&client_address, 0, l = sizeof (client_address));
            r = accept (h, (struct sockaddr *)&client_address, &l);
            if (r < 0) {
                perror ("accept()");
            } else {
                /*關閉原有連接，把新連接作爲fd1，同時連接新的目標fd2*/
                SHUT_FD1;
                SHUT_FD2;
                buf1_avail = buf1_written = 0;
                buf2_avail = buf2_written = 0;
                fd1 = r;
                fd2 = connect_socket (forward_port, argv[3]);
                if (fd2 < 0) {
                    SHUT_FD1;
                } else
                    printf ("connect from %s\n", inet_ntoa(client_address.sin_addr));
            }
        }

        /* NB: read oob data before normal reads */
        if (fd1 > 0)
        if (FD_ISSET (fd1, &er)) {
            char c;
            errno = 0;
            r = recv (fd1, &c, 1, MSG_OOB);
            if (r < 1) {
                SHUT_FD1;
            } else
                send (fd2, &c, 1, MSG_OOB);
        }

        if (fd2 > 0)
        if (FD_ISSET (fd2, &er)) {
            char c;
            errno = 0;
            r = recv (fd2, &c, 1, MSG_OOB);
            if (r < 1) {
                SHUT_FD1;
            } else
                send (fd1, &c, 1, MSG_OOB);
        }

        /* NB: read data from fd1 */
        if (fd1 > 0)
        if (FD_ISSET (fd1, &rd)) {
            r = read (fd1, buf1 + buf1_avail, BUF_SIZE - buf1_avail);
            if (r < 1) {
                SHUT_FD1;
            } else
                buf1_avail += r;
        }

        /* NB: read data from fd2 */
        if (fd2 > 0)
        if (FD_ISSET (fd2, &rd)) {
            r = read (fd2, buf2 + buf2_avail, BUF_SIZE - buf2_avail);
            if (r < 1) {
                SHUT_FD2;
            } else
                buf2_avail += r;
        }

        /* NB: write data to fd1 */
        if (fd1 > 0)
        if (FD_ISSET (fd1, &wr)) {
            r = write (fd1, buf2 + buf2_written, buf2_avail - buf2_written);
            if (r < 1) {
                SHUT_FD1;
            } else
                buf2_written += r;
        }

        /* NB: write data to fd1 */
        if (fd2 > 0)
        if (FD_ISSET (fd2, &wr)) {
            r = write (fd2, buf1 + buf1_written, buf1_avail - buf1_written);
            if (r < 1) {
                SHUT_FD2;
            } else
                buf1_written += r;
        }

        /* check if write data has caught read data */
        if (buf1_written == buf1_avail) buf1_written = buf1_avail = 0;
        if (buf2_written == buf2_avail) buf2_written = buf2_avail = 0;

        /* one side has closed connection, keep writing to the other side until empty */
        if (fd1 < 0 && buf1_avail - buf1_written == 0) {
            SHUT_FD2;
        }
        if (fd2 < 0 && buf2_avail - buf2_written == 0) {
            SHUT_FD1;
        }
    }
    return 0;
}
/*----------------------源代碼結束--------------------------------------------*/