functools
(一)偏函數partial
In [1]: int('10', 10)
Out[1]: 10
In [2]: int('10', 2)
Out[2]: 2
In [3]: from functools import partial
In [4]: p_int = partial(int, 10)
In [5]: p_int('10')
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TypeError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-5-1f075b44e9a3> in <module>()
----> 1 p_int('10')
TypeError: an integer is required
In [6]: p_int = partial(int, base=10)
In [7]: p_int('10')
Out[7]: 10
In [8]: type(p_int)
Out[8]: functools.partial
唯一要注意的是可選參數必須寫出參數名。base
(二)update_wrapper
把被封裝函數的name、module、doc和 dict都複製到封裝函數去
#coding=utf-8
from functools import update_wrapper
def demo1(func):
def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
return func(*args, **kwargs) + 'python'
return wrapper
@demo1
def aaa():
'''name'''
return 'loco_'
print aaa() # loco_python
print aaa.__doc__ # None
print aaa.__name__ # wrapper
def demo2(func):
def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
return func(*args, **kwargs) + 'python'
return update_wrapper(wrapper, func)
@demo2
def aaa():
'''name'''
return 'loco_'
print aaa() # loco_python
print aaa.__doc__ # name
print aaa.__name__ # aaa 函數名
(三)wraps 將update_wrapper封裝起來了
#coding=utf-8
from functools import wraps
def demo2(func):
@wraps(func)
def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
return func(*args, **kwargs) + 'python'
return wrapper
@demo2
def aaa():
'''name'''
return 'loco_'
print aaa() # loco_python
print aaa.__doc__ # name
print aaa.__name__ # aaa 函數名