| 本文檔詳細介紹 Docker 平臺基本使用方法，希望能給大家帶來幫助。 |
開啓動網絡轉發功能，默認會自動開啓
[root@Docker ]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf #插入以下內容 net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1 [root@Docker ]# sysctl -p #生效 net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1 [root@Docker ]# cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward 1
例 1：運行一個 container 並加載鏡像 centos，運行起來這個實例後，在實例中執行 /bin/bash 命令
docker 常用參數： run 運行 -i 以交互模式運行容器，通常與 -t 同時使用 -t 爲容器重新分配一個僞輸入終端，通常與 -i 同時使用
[root@Docker ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE centos latest 470671670cac 4 months ago 237MB [root@Docker ~]# docker run -it centos:latest /bin/bash #啓動一個實例，秒級響應 [root@efb4af688330 /]# ls bin etc lib lost+found mnt proc run srv tmp var dev home lib64 media opt root sbin sys usr [root@efb4af688330 /]# cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS Linux release 8.1.1911 (Core)
安裝軟件
[root@0a297ff99af8 /]# yum install -y httpd
Failed to set locale, defaulting to C.UTF-8
CentOS-8 - AppStream 5.7 MB/s | 7.0 MB 00:01
CentOS-8 - Base 2.2 MB/s | 2.2 MB 00:00
CentOS-8 - Extras 8.1 kB/s | 5.9 kB 00:00
Dependencies resolved.
==========================================================================
Package Arch Version Repo Size
==========================================================================
Installing:
httpd x86_64 2.4.37-16.module_el8.1.0+256+ae790463 AppStream 1.7 M
Installing dependencies:
apr x86_64 1.6.3-9.el8 AppStream 125 k
apr-util x86_64 1.6.1-6.el8 AppStream 105 k
centos-logos-httpd
noarch 80.5-2.el8 AppStream 24 k
httpd-filesystem
noarch 2.4.37-16.module_el8.1.0+256+ae790463 AppStream 35 k
httpd-tools x86_64 2.4.37-16.module_el8.1.0+256+ae790463 AppStream 103 k
mod_http2 x86_64 1.11.3-3.module_el8.1.0+213+acce2796 AppStream 158 k
brotli x86_64 1.0.6-1.el8 BaseOS 323 k
mailcap noarch 2.1.48-3.el8 BaseOS 39 k
Installing weak dependencies:
apr-util-bdb
x86_64 1.6.1-6.el8 AppStream 25 k
apr-util-openssl
x86_64 1.6.1-6.el8 AppStream 27 k
Enabling module streams:
httpd 2.4
Transaction Summary
==========================================================================
Install 11 Packages
Total download size: 2.6 M
Installed size: 8.1 M
Downloading Packages:
(1/11): apr-util-bdb-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64.r 142 kB/s | 25 kB 00:00 A
(2/11): apr-1.6.3-9.el8.x86_64.rpm 588 kB/s | 125 kB 00:00
(3/11): apr-util-openssl-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_ 346 kB/s | 27 kB 00:00
(4/11): apr-util-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64.rpm 340 kB/s | 105 kB 00:00
(5/11): centos-logos-httpd-80.5-2.el8.noa 187 kB/s | 24 kB 00:00
(6/11): httpd-filesystem-2.4.37-16.module 398 kB/s | 35 kB 00:00
(7/11): mod_http2-1.11.3-3.module_el8.1.0 992 kB/s | 158 kB 00:00
(8/11): httpd-2.4.37-16.module_el8.1.0+25 4.8 MB/s | 1.7 MB 00:00
(9/11): httpd-tools-2.4.37-16.module_el8. 387 kB/s | 103 kB 00:00
(10/11): mailcap-2.1.48-3.el8.noarch.rpm 289 kB/s | 39 kB 00:00
(11/11): brotli-1.0.6-1.el8.x86_64.rpm 826 kB/s | 323 kB 00:00
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 290 kB/s | 2.6 MB 00:09
warning: /var/cache/dnf/AppStream-02e86d1c976ab532/packages/apr-1.6.3-9.el8.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 8483c65d: NOKEY
CentOS-8 - AppStream 1.6 MB/s | 1.6 kB 00:00
Importing GPG key 0x8483C65D:
Userid : "CentOS (CentOS Official Signing Key) "
Fingerprint: 99DB 70FA E1D7 CE22 7FB6 4882 05B5 55B3 8483 C65D
From : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-centosofficial
Key imported successfully
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
Preparing : 1/1
Installing : apr-1.6.3-9.el8.x86_64 1/11
Running scriptlet: apr-1.6.3-9.el8.x86_64 1/11
Installing : apr-util-bdb-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64 2/11
Installing : apr-util-openssl-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64 3/11
Installing : apr-util-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64 4/11
Running scriptlet: apr-util-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64 4/11
Installing : httpd-tools-2.4.37-16.module_el8.1.0+256+ae7 5/11
Installing : mailcap-2.1.48-3.el8.noarch 6/11
Installing : brotli-1.0.6-1.el8.x86_64 7/11
Running scriptlet: httpd-filesystem-2.4.37-16.module_el8.1.0+25 8/11
Installing : httpd-filesystem-2.4.37-16.module_el8.1.0+25 8/11
Installing : centos-logos-httpd-80.5-2.el8.noarch 9/11
Installing : mod_http2-1.11.3-3.module_el8.1.0+213+acce27 10/11
Installing : httpd-2.4.37-16.module_el8.1.0+256+ae790463. 11/11
Running scriptlet: httpd-2.4.37-16.module_el8.1.0+256+ae790463. 11/11
Verifying : apr-1.6.3-9.el8.x86_64 1/11
Verifying : apr-util-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64 2/11
Verifying : apr-util-bdb-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64 3/11
Verifying : apr-util-openssl-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64 4/11
Verifying : centos-logos-httpd-80.5-2.el8.noarch 5/11
Verifying : httpd-2.4.37-16.module_el8.1.0+256+ae790463. 6/11
Verifying : httpd-filesystem-2.4.37-16.module_el8.1.0+25 7/11
Verifying : httpd-tools-2.4.37-16.module_el8.1.0+256+ae7 8/11
Verifying : mod_http2-1.11.3-3.module_el8.1.0+213+acce27 9/11
Verifying : brotli-1.0.6-1.el8.x86_64 10/11
Verifying : mailcap-2.1.48-3.el8.noarch 11/11
Installed:
httpd-2.4.37-16.module_el8.1.0+256+ae790463.x86_64
apr-util-bdb-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64
apr-util-openssl-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64
apr-1.6.3-9.el8.x86_64
apr-util-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64
centos-logos-httpd-80.5-2.el8.noarch
httpd-filesystem-2.4.37-16.module_el8.1.0+256+ae790463.noarch
httpd-tools-2.4.37-16.module_el8.1.0+256+ae790463.x86_64
mod_http2-1.11.3-3.module_el8.1.0+213+acce2796.x86_64
brotli-1.0.6-1.el8.x86_64
mailcap-2.1.48-3.el8.noarch
Complete!
退出容器
[root@efb4af688330 /]# exit exit [root@Docker ~]#
例 2：在 container 中啓動一個長久運行的進程，不斷向 stdin 輸出 hello world 模擬一個後臺運行的服務
docker 常用參數： -d 後臺運行容器，並返回容器 ID -c 後面跟待完成的命令
[root@Docker ~]# docker run -d centos:latest /bin/bash -c "while true;do echo hello world;sleep 1;done" 607752360adf7e9ebfdbae01d09b2fd9ed2f350ad2d87e3e868d63144b966104 #容器的 ID
從一個容器中取日誌，查看輸出的內容
[root@Docker ~]# docker logs 607752360ad #容器的 ID 可以寫全，也可以不寫全，只要唯一就可以了 hello world hello world hello world hello world hello world hello world hello world hello world hello world hello world hello world hello world hello world hello world hello world hello world hello world hello world hello world hello world hello world hello world hello world hello world hello world hello world hello world hello world hello world hello world hello world [root@Docker ~]#
查看正在運行的容器
[root@Docker ]# docker ps #列出所有運行中容器 CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 607752360adf centos:latest "/bin/bash -c 'while…" About a minute ago Up About a minute brave_fermi
也可以使用短 ID 或 docker 實例的名字查看日誌輸出
[root@Docker ~]# docker logs 607752360adf 或 [root@Docker ~]# docker logs brave_fermi
[root@Docker ~]# docker ps -a #-a 列出所有容器（包含沉睡/退出狀態的容器） CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 607752360adf centos:latest "/bin/bash -c 'while…" 4 minutes ago Up 4 minutes brave_fermi 0a297ff99af8 centos:latest "/bin/bash" 7 minutes ago Exited (1) 5 minutes ago ecstatic_yonath efb4af688330 centos:latest "/bin/bash" 9 minutes ago Exited (0) 8 minutes ago epic_mcclintock [root@Docker ~]# docker images #列出所有本地鏡像 REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE centos latest 470671670cac 4 months ago 237MB
例 3：殺死一個容器 比如：殺死一個正在後臺運行的容器
查看要殺死容器的 ID
[root@Docker ~]# docker ps -a #-a 列出所有容器（包含沉睡/退出狀態的容器）； 殺死 ID 爲 607752360adf 的容器 [root@Docker ~]# docker kill 607752360adf #殺死一個容器 607752360adf
查看結果
[root@Docker ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
例 4：啓動、停止、重啓 container 容器實例
啓動： run # 創建並運行 docker 實例
[root@Docker ]# docker run -d centos:latest /bin/bash -c "while true;do echo hello world;sleep 1;done"
查看容器
[root@Docker ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES bea2aaa70725 centos:latest "/bin/bash -c 'while…" 4 seconds ago Up 3 seconds flamboyant_keller
關閉容器
[root@Docker ~]# docker stop bea2aaa70725 bea2aaa70725
查看
[root@Docker ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES [root@Docker ~]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES bea2aaa70725 centos:latest "/bin/bash -c 'while…" About a minute ago Exited (137) 35 seconds ago flamboyant_keller 607752360adf centos:latest "/bin/bash -c 'while…" 9 minutes ago Exited (137) 3 minutes ago brave_fermi 0a297ff99af8 centos:latest "/bin/bash" 12 minutes ago Exited (1) 10 minutes ago ecstatic_yonath efb4af688330 centos:latest "/bin/bash" 15 minutes ago Exited (0) 13 minutes ago epic_mcclintock [root@Docker ~]# docker start bea2aaa70725 bea2aaa70725 [root@Docker ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES bea2aaa70725 centos:latest "/bin/bash -c 'while…" 2 minutes ago Up 31 seconds flamboyant_keller [root@Docker ~]# docker restart bea2aaa70725 bea2aaa70725
刪除指定 container ： rm
[root@Docker ~]# docker rm bea2aaa70725 Error response from daemon: You cannot remove a running container bea2aaa707259a80c474e7d43c5648af0a5cfe16c4e50470fb6c5c84a0490d8b. Stop the container before attempting removal or force remove
解決：可以先把容器 1a63ddea6571 關閉，然後再刪除或加-f 強制刪除
[root@Docker ~]# docker rm -f bea2aaa70725 bea2aaa70725
總結
以上就是 Docker 平臺基本使用方法，希望能給大家帶來幫助。
本文原創地址：https://www.linuxprobe.com/docker-basic-platform.html