1概述
最近在學習ES做了如下整理,這裏安裝就不說了,百度都有.這篇文章先介紹創建maven項目使用java api操作ES,後面會使用SpringBoot去集成ES,簡單說下ES到底是什麼?
Elasticsearc是基於lucene實現,隱藏複雜性,提供了簡單易用的restful-api接口 java api接口(還有其他語言)
它是一個實時分佈式搜索引擎.它用於全文搜素,結構化對比和分析.
我們還要知道它的基本術語:
- Index(索引-數據庫)
索引包含一堆有相似結構的文檔數據,比如可以有一個客戶索引,商品分類索引,訂單索引,索引有一個名稱。一個index包含很多document,一個index就代表了一類類似的或者相同的document。比如說建立一個product index,商品索引,裏面可能就存放了所有的商品數據,所有的商品document。 - Type(類型-表)
每個索引裏都可以有一個或多個type,type是index中的一個邏輯數據分類,一個type下的document,都有相同的field,比如博客系統,有一個索引,可以定義用戶數據type,博客數據type,評論數據type。
商品index,裏面存放了所有的商品數據,商品document
但是商品分很多種類,每個種類的document的field可能不太一樣,比如說電器商品,可能還包含一些諸如售後時間範圍這樣的特殊field;生鮮商品,還包含一些諸如生鮮保質期之類的特殊field - Document(文檔-行)
文檔是es中的最小數據單元,一個document可以是一條客戶數據,一條商品分類數據,一條訂單數據,通常用JSON數據結構表示,每個index下的type中,都可以去存儲多個document。 - Field(字段-列)
Field是Elasticsearch的最小單位。一個document裏面有多個field,每個field就是一個數據字段。
知道這些我們就可以去做一些簡單的操作了.
但是在操作之前我們還是把官網貼出來方便學習:
官網
java api
github地址
看完這些絕對夠了.哈哈
2 環境
<dependency>
<groupId>org.elasticsearch</groupId>
<artifactId>elasticsearch</artifactId>
<version>5.2.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.elasticsearch.client</groupId>
<artifactId>transport</artifactId>
<version>5.2.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j-core</artifactId>
<version>2.9.0</version>
</dependency>
3 基本操作
package cn.zhangyu.util;
import org.elasticsearch.common.settings.Settings;
import org.elasticsearch.common.transport.InetSocketTransportAddress;
import org.elasticsearch.transport.client.PreBuiltTransportClient;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
public class ElasticSearchClient {
public PreBuiltTransportClient getClient() {
Settings settings = Settings.builder().put("cluster.name","my-application").build();
PreBuiltTransportClient client = new PreBuiltTransportClient(settings);
try {
client.addTransportAddress(new InetSocketTransportAddress(InetAddress.getByName("10.13.82.17"), 9300));
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return client;
}
}
package cn.zhangyu;
import cn.zhangyu.util.ElasticSearchClient;
import org.elasticsearch.action.delete.DeleteResponse;
import org.elasticsearch.action.get.GetResponse;
import org.elasticsearch.action.get.MultiGetResponse;
import org.elasticsearch.action.index.IndexRequest;
import org.elasticsearch.action.index.IndexResponse;
import org.elasticsearch.action.update.UpdateRequest;
import org.elasticsearch.action.update.UpdateResponse;
import org.elasticsearch.common.xcontent.XContentBuilder;
import org.elasticsearch.common.xcontent.XContentFactory;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
public class ElasticSearchApp {
ElasticSearchClient elasticSearchClient = new ElasticSearchClient();
//創建索引
@Test
public void createIndex() {
elasticSearchClient.getClient().admin().indices().prepareCreate("blog2").get();
elasticSearchClient.getClient().close();
}
//刪除索引
public void delIndex(){
elasticSearchClient.getClient().admin().indices().prepareDelete("blog2").get();
elasticSearchClient.getClient().close();
}
//新建文檔 源數據爲json字符串
@Test
public void createDocumentByJson(){
//1 準備文檔數據
String json = "{" + "\"id\":\"1\"," + "\"title\":\"基於Lucene的搜索服務器\","
+ "\"content\":\"它提供了一個分佈式多用戶能力的全文搜索引擎,基於RESTful web接口\"" + "}";
//2 創建文檔
IndexResponse response = elasticSearchClient.getClient().prepareIndex("blog", "article", "1")
.setSource(json).execute().actionGet();
//3 結果
System.out.println("index:" + response.getIndex());
System.out.println("type:" + response.getType());
System.out.println("String:" + response.toString());
//4 關閉連接
elasticSearchClient.getClient().close();
}
//新建文檔(源數據map方式添加json)
@Test
public void createDocumentByMap(){
//1 準備數據源
Map<String,Object> json = new HashMap<>();
json.put("id","2");
json.put("title","基於Lucen的搜索服務器");
json.put("content","它提供了一個分佈式多用戶能力的全文搜索引擎,基於RESTful web接口");
//2 創建文檔
IndexResponse response = elasticSearchClient.getClient().prepareIndex("blog", "article", "2")
.setSource(json).execute().actionGet();
//3 打印返回的結果
System.out.println("index:" + response.getIndex());
System.out.println("type:" + response.getType());
System.out.println("id:" + response.getId());
System.out.println("version:" + response.getVersion());
System.out.println("result:" + response.getResult());
//4 關閉連接
elasticSearchClient.getClient().close();
}
//新建文檔(源數據es構建器添加json)
@Test
public void createIndexByEs() throws IOException {
XContentBuilder builder = XContentFactory.jsonBuilder().startObject()
.field("id", "3")
.field("title", "基於Lucene的搜索服務器")
.field("content", "它提供了一個分佈式多用戶能力的全文搜索引擎,基於RESTful web接口。")
.endObject();
IndexResponse indexResponse = elasticSearchClient.getClient().prepareIndex("blog", "article", "3")
.setSource(builder).execute().actionGet();
//3 打印結果
System.out.println("index:" + indexResponse.getIndex());
System.out.println("type:" + indexResponse.getType());
System.out.println("id:" + indexResponse.getId());
System.out.println("version:" + indexResponse.getVersion());
System.out.println("result:" + indexResponse.getResult());
//4 關閉連接
elasticSearchClient.getClient().close();
}
//搜索數據(單索引)
@Test
public void getData(){
//1 查詢文檔
GetResponse response = elasticSearchClient.getClient()
.prepareGet("blog","article","1")
.get();
//2 打印結果
System.out.println(response.getSourceAsString());
//3 關閉連接
elasticSearchClient.getClient().close();
}
//搜索數據(多索引)
@Test
public void getMultiData(){
//1 查詢多個文檔
MultiGetResponse responses = elasticSearchClient.getClient().prepareMultiGet()
//這裏可以傳遞可變參數,即多個參數 (參考源碼)
.add("blog", "article", "1","2","3","4","5")
// .add("blog", "article", "2")
// .add("blog", "article", "3")
// .add("blog", "article", "5")
.get();
//2 遍歷結果 lambda表達式
responses.forEach(itemResponses -> System.out.println(itemResponses.getResponse().getSourceAsString()));
//3 關閉連接
elasticSearchClient.getClient().close();
}
//更新文檔數據
@Test
public void updateData() throws IOException, ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
// 創建更新數據的請求對象
UpdateRequest updateRequest = new UpdateRequest();
updateRequest.index("blog");
updateRequest.type("article");
updateRequest.id("3");
//會對沒有的字段添加,已有的字段替換
updateRequest.doc(XContentFactory.jsonBuilder().startObject()
.field("title", "基於Lucene的搜索服務器")
.field("content",
"它提供了一個分佈式多用戶能力的全文搜索引擎,基於RESTful web接口。大數據前景無限")
.field("createDate", "2017-8-22").endObject());
//獲取更新後的值
UpdateResponse updateResponse = elasticSearchClient.getClient().update(updateRequest).get();
//3 打印結果
System.out.println("index:" + updateResponse.getIndex());
System.out.println("type:" + updateResponse.getType());
System.out.println("id:" + updateResponse.getId());
System.out.println("version:" + updateResponse.getVersion());
System.out.println("result:" + updateResponse.getResult());
//4 關閉連接
elasticSearchClient.getClient().close();
}
//更新文檔數據(upsert)
@Test
public void upsertData() throws Exception{
// 設置查詢條件, 查找不到則添加
IndexRequest indexRequest = new IndexRequest("blog", "article", "4");
indexRequest.source(XContentFactory.jsonBuilder().startObject()
.field("title", "搜索服務器")
.field("content","它提供了一個分佈式多用戶能力的全文搜索引擎,基於RESTful web接口。Elasticsearch是用Java開發的,並作爲Apache許可條款下的開放源碼發佈,是當前流行的企業級搜索引擎。設計用於雲計算中,能夠達到實時搜索,穩定,可靠,快速,安裝使用方便。")
.endObject());
//設置更新,查找更新下面的設置
UpdateRequest updateRequest = new UpdateRequest("blog", "article", "4");
updateRequest.doc(XContentFactory.jsonBuilder().startObject()
.field("user","張3").endObject()).upsert(indexRequest);
elasticSearchClient.getClient().update(updateRequest).get();
//4 關閉連接
elasticSearchClient.getClient().close();
}
//刪除文檔數據
@Test
public void delData(){
//1 刪除文檔
DeleteResponse deleteResponse = elasticSearchClient.getClient().prepareDelete("blog", "article", "4").get();
// 2 打印返回的結果
System.out.println("index:" + deleteResponse.getIndex());
System.out.println("type:" + deleteResponse.getType());
System.out.println("id:" + deleteResponse.getId());
System.out.println("version:" + deleteResponse.getVersion());
System.out.println("found:" + deleteResponse.getResult());
}
}
//查詢所有
@Test
public void matchAllQuery(){
//1 執行查詢
SearchResponse searchResponse = elasticSearchClient.getClient().prepareSearch("blog").setTypes("article")
.setQuery(QueryBuilders.matchAllQuery()).get();
// 2 打印結果
SearchHits hits = searchResponse.getHits();
System.out.println("count :" + hits.getTotalHits() +" 條");
hits.forEach(hit -> System.out.println(hit.getSourceAsString()));
// 3 關閉連接
elasticSearchClient.getClient().close();
}
//對所有字段分詞查詢
@Test
public void queryStringQuery(){
SearchResponse searchResponse = elasticSearchClient.getClient()
.prepareSearch("blog").setTypes("article")
.setQuery(QueryBuilders.queryStringQuery(" lucene")).get();
// 2 打印結果
SearchHits hits = searchResponse.getHits();
System.out.println("count :" + hits.getTotalHits() +" 條");
hits.forEach(hit -> System.out.println(hit.getSourceAsString()));
// 3 關閉連接
elasticSearchClient.getClient().close();
}
/*通配符查詢
*:表示多個字符(任意的字符)
?:表示單個字符
*
*/
@Test
public void wildcardQuery(){
//通配符查詢
SearchResponse searchResponse = elasticSearchClient.getClient()
.prepareSearch("blog").setTypes("article")
.setQuery(QueryBuilders.wildcardQuery("content", "*全*")).get();
//打印查詢結果
SearchHits hits = searchResponse.getHits();
System.out.println("count :" + hits.getTotalHits() +" 條");
hits.forEach(hit -> System.out.println(hit.getSourceAsString()));
//關閉連接
elasticSearchClient.getClient().close();
}
//詞條查詢
@Test
public void termQuery(){
SearchResponse searchResponse = elasticSearchClient.getClient()
.prepareSearch("blog").setTypes("article")
.setQuery(QueryBuilders.termQuery("content","它")).get();
//打印查詢結果
SearchHits hits = searchResponse.getHits();
System.out.println("count :" + hits.getTotalHits() +" 條");
hits.forEach(hit -> System.out.println(hit.getSourceAsString()));
//關閉連接
elasticSearchClient.getClient().close();
}
//模糊查詢
@Test
public void fuzzyQuery(){
SearchResponse searchResponse = elasticSearchClient.getClient()
.prepareSearch("blog").setTypes("article")
.setQuery(QueryBuilders.fuzzyQuery("title","lucene")).get();
SearchHits hits = searchResponse.getHits();
System.out.println("count :" + hits.getTotalHits() +" 條");
hits.forEach(hit -> System.out.println(hit.getSourceAsString()));
elasticSearchClient.getClient().close();
}