一幫助命令
幫助文檔地址：https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/docker/
1. docker version 顯示docker的版本信息
[root@wangstudy ~]# docker version
Client: Docker Engine - Community
Version: 19.03.10
API version: 1.40
Go version: go1.13.10
Git commit: 9424aeaee9
Built: Thu May 28 22:18:06 2020
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Experimental: false
Server: Docker Engine - Community
Engine:
Version: 19.03.10
API version: 1.40 (minimum version 1.12)
Go version: go1.13.10
Git commit: 9424aeaee9
Built: Thu May 28 22:16:43 2020
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Experimental: false
containerd:
Version: 1.2.13
GitCommit: 7ad184331fa3e55e52b890ea95e65ba581ae3429
runc:
Version: 1.0.0-rc10
GitCommit: dc9208a3303feef5b3839f4323d9beb36df0a9dd
docker-init:
Version: 0.18.0
GitCommit: fec3683
2. docker info 顯示docker的系統信息，包括鏡像和容器的數量
[root@wangstudy ~]# docker info
Client:
Debug Mode: false
Server:
Containers: 1
Running: 0
Paused: 0
Stopped: 1
Images: 1
Server Version: 19.03.10
Storage Driver: overlay2
Backing Filesystem: extfs
Supports d_type: true
Native Overlay Diff: true
Logging Driver: json-file
Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs
Plugins:
Volume: local
Network: bridge host ipvlan macvlan null overlay
Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local logentries splunk syslog
Swarm: inactive
Runtimes: runc
Default Runtime: runc
Init Binary: docker-init
containerd version: 7ad184331fa3e55e52b890ea95e65ba581ae3429
runc version: dc9208a3303feef5b3839f4323d9beb36df0a9dd
init version: fec3683
Security Options:
seccomp
Profile: default
Kernel Version: 3.10.0-1062.18.1.el7.x86_64
Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
OSType: linux
Architecture: x86_64
CPUs: 2
Total Memory: 3.7GiB
Name: wangstudy
ID: V6LP:LYBG:5CHG:FUKM:J2AJ:VJHR:ADWS:UWUP:EAKM:T2RZ:CC5N:BYRO
Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker
Debug Mode: false
Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/
Labels:
Experimental: false
Insecure Registries:
127.0.0.0/8
Registry Mirrors:
https://01k21qno.mirror.aliyuncs.com/
Live Restore Enabled: false
3. docker --help 顯示所有命令
[root@wangstudy ~]# docker --help
Usage: docker [OPTIONS] COMMAND
A self-sufficient runtime for containers
Options:
--config string Location of client config files (default "/root/.docker")
-c, --context string Name of the context to use to connect to the daemon (overrides DOCKER_HOST env
var and default context set with "docker context use")
-D, --debug Enable debug mode
-H, --host list Daemon socket(s) to connect to
-l, --log-level string Set the logging level ("debug"|"info"|"warn"|"error"|"fatal") (default "info")
--tls Use TLS; implied by --tlsverify
--tlscacert string Trust certs signed only by this CA (default "/root/.docker/ca.pem")
--tlscert string Path to TLS certificate file (default "/root/.docker/cert.pem")
--tlskey string Path to TLS key file (default "/root/.docker/key.pem")
--tlsverify Use TLS and verify the remote
-v, --version Print version information and quit
Management Commands:
builder Manage builds
config Manage Docker configs
container Manage containers
context Manage contexts
engine Manage the docker engine
image Manage images
network Manage networks
node Manage Swarm nodes
plugin Manage plugins
secret Manage Docker secrets
service Manage services
stack Manage Docker stacks
swarm Manage Swarm
system Manage Docker
trust Manage trust on Docker images
volume Manage volumes
Commands:
attach Attach local standard input, output, and error streams to a running container
build Build an image from a Dockerfile
commit Create a new image from a container's changes
cp Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem
create Create a new container
diff Inspect changes to files or directories on a container's filesystem
events Get real time events from the server
exec Run a command in a running container
export Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive
history Show the history of an image
images List images
import Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image
info Display system-wide information
inspect Return low-level information on Docker objects
kill Kill one or more running containers
load Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN
login Log in to a Docker registry
logout Log out from a Docker registry
logs Fetch the logs of a container
pause Pause all processes within one or more containers
port List port mappings or a specific mapping for the container
ps List containers
pull Pull an image or a repository from a registry
push Push an image or a repository to a registry
rename Rename a container
restart Restart one or more containers
rm Remove one or more containers
rmi Remove one or more images
run Run a command in a new container
save Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default)
search Search the Docker Hub for images
start Start one or more stopped containers
stats Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics
stop Stop one or more running containers
tag Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE
top Display the running processes of a container
unpause Unpause all processes within one or more containers
update Update configuration of one or more containers
version Show the Docker version information
wait Block until one or more containers stop, then print their exit codes
Run 'docker COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.
二 鏡像命令
（1）docker images 查看主機的所有鏡像
格式： docker images [選項] [倉庫]
顯示我們之前下載的hello-world鏡像
respository：倉庫名
tag:倉庫版本
image ID:鏡像id
created：創建時間
size:鏡像大小
選項說明：
-
-a 或--all:列出本地所有的鏡像（默認情況下，過濾掉中間映像層）；
![]()
-
--digests :顯示鏡像的摘要信息；
![]()
-
-f或--filter :過濾滿足條件的鏡像；
-
--format :指定返回值的模板文件；
-
--no-trunc :顯示完整的鏡像信息；
-
-q 或--quiet:只顯示鏡像ID。
（2）docker search 搜索鏡像
格式： docker search [選項] 搜索字
選項：
- --filter,-f 過濾滿足條件的鏡像,如搜索mysql關鍵字中stars數量超過3000的鏡像
- --format 指定返回值的模板文件；
- --limit 指定搜索結果的數量
- --no-trunc 完整輸出
docker pull 下載鏡像
格式： docker pull 鏡像名 [版本]
默認版本是最新，dokcer pull mysql等價於docker.io/library/mysql:latest
[root@wangstudy ~]# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
afb6ec6fdc1c: Pull complete # 分層下載 docker鏡像核心，聯合文件系統
0bdc5971ba40: Pull complete
97ae94a2c729: Pull complete
f777521d340e: Pull complete
1393ff7fc871: Pull complete
a499b89994d9: Pull complete
7ebe8eefbafe: Pull complete
597069368ef1: Pull complete
ce39a5501878: Pull complete
7d545bca14bf: Pull complete
211e5bb2ae7b: Pull complete
5914e537c077: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:a31a277d8d39450220c722c1302a345c84206e7fd4cdb619e7face046e89031d
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest #真實地址
指定版本，前面下過的可以共用
docker rmi -f [鏡像ID]
[root@wangstudy ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
mysql 5.7 a4fdfd462add 11 days ago 448MB
mysql latest 30f937e841c8 11 days ago 541MB
hello-world latest bf756fb1ae65 5 months ago 13.3kB
[root@wangstudy ~]# docker rmi -f 30f937e841c8
Untagged: mysql:latest
Untagged: mysql@sha256:a31a277d8d39450220c722c1302a345c84206e7fd4cdb619e7face046e89031d
Deleted: sha256:30f937e841c82981a9a6363f7f6f35ed6b9d5e3f16df50a72207e4a2a389983f
Deleted: sha256:8a5e032615340d8936e0e3707a39ce3da51dc952368176818f879e2f868b535b
Deleted: sha256:c74673a735ca31b9b5162808ab451a8b20876a15e16a7899f2101f3c9b82df60
Deleted: sha256:430365c8e22a9207dca4638c523dc82163bca3ab8a335a71147af41d1551561f
Deleted: sha256:1ede41b1dbec1a5e4385200b62283ffb25c425275530ea9e9cc36b921186cd08
Deleted: sha256:2f6badb9fd9965261d3463591f8af4afddf5f141456de83dc994690ae64b34eb
[root@wangstudy ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
mysql 5.7 a4fdfd462add 11 days ago 448MB
hello-world latest bf756fb1ae65 5 months ago 13.3kB
刪除多個鏡像 docker rmi -f ID1 ID2 ID3 ID4
刪除所有鏡像，因爲docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq)命令顯示了所有的鏡像id。
[root@wangstudy ~]# docker images -aq
a4fdfd462add
bf756fb1ae65
[root@wangstudy ~]# docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq)
Untagged: mysql:5.7
Untagged: mysql@sha256:d16d9ef7a4ecb29efcd1ba46d5a82bda3c28bd18c0f1e3b86ba54816211e1ac4
Deleted: sha256:a4fdfd462add8e63749aa08ff0044b13d342a042965f1ec6744586cda10dfce9
Deleted: sha256:637f0ff7e591e53fe997c634cf10e63ab810dd1d6cb587ce46a57f753c36bdbf
Deleted: sha256:65ba4d5ac7eb5218cfb4be1e7807584425c19f47606bc1e6d53e050d480d9581
Deleted: sha256:7d0236d50948d993a686c69889c6f016a8da89b8557c5e0eaf6af145ea5877cb
Deleted: sha256:a6219b1270405f43892a7a12895ae1e0ccff307d162cf0025df3ed87f511754b
Deleted: sha256:37803884320881cd931c77dea2ee4d8a7231dfed5a02dc595e6046ffacfa6e1b
Deleted: sha256:cefc9066dc1aa84f6cddead1bb5a8c590e8368d56fb65694e8783d70791bec20
Deleted: sha256:3bfbd2dd4507386ce56fd731b3c97d10bc058e6aa478f901466da69108db50e1
Deleted: sha256:9652363dd4c1146b3f9a519800a9f379adf0b6c4f9aece1ffe965dce5f52a8ca
Deleted: sha256:0ed190016efa0f19bcc5f1d66ffffc7b09716f3c57bcc5de74a4ce217af92278
Deleted: sha256:8399fb13d72603fdc8781075672ee25fedf8384f6721639a70dd3533250ed9e4
Deleted: sha256:ffc9b21953f4cd7956cdf532a5db04ff0a2daa7475ad796f1bad58cfbaf77a07
Untagged: hello-world:latest
Untagged: hello-world@sha256:6a65f928fb91fcfbc963f7aa6d57c8eeb426ad9a20c7ee045538ef34847f44f1
Deleted: sha256:bf756fb1ae65adf866bd8c456593cd24beb6a0a061dedf42b26a993176745f6b
[root@wangstudy ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
三 容器命令
先下載centos鏡像（docker pull centos），然後新建容器
[root@wangstudy ~]# docker pull centos
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/centos
8a29a15cefae: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:fe8d824220415eed5477b63addf40fb06c3b049404242b31982106ac204f6700
Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:latest
docker.io/library/centos:latest
（1）docker run[選項] 運行容器
- --name 取個名字
- -d 後臺運行
- -it 使用交互方式運行，進入容器查看內容
- -p 指定容器端口
- -P 隨機指定端口
（2） docker ps[選項] 列出所有正在運行的容器
-a 當前運行和歷史運行的容器
-n=？ 顯示最近創建的容器
-q 只顯示容器的編號
（3）exit 直接容器停止退出
Ctrl+P+Q 容器不停止退出
（4）docker rm 容器id 刪除容器 ，無法刪除正在運行的容器
docker rm -f ${docker ps -aq} 刪除所有容器
docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm 刪除所有的容器
（5）啓動和停止容器
docker start 容器id 啓動容器
docker restart 容器id 重啓容器
docker stop 容器id 停止當前正在運行的容器
docker kill 容器id 強制停止
[root@wangstudy ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@wangstudy ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
951d75278471 centos "/bin/bash" 10 minutes ago Exited (127) 22 seconds ago focused_hopper
bedf3815107c centos "/bin/bash" 20 minutes ago Exited (0) 18 minutes ago infallible_brattain
b9347895766f bf756fb1ae65 "/hello" 23 hours ago Exited (0) 23 hours ago nice_murdock
[root@wangstudy ~]# docker start bedf3815107c
bedf3815107c
[root@wangstudy ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
bedf3815107c centos "/bin/bash" 20 minutes ago Up 3 seconds infallible_brattain
[root@wangstudy ~]# docker stop bedf3815107c
bedf3815107c
[root@wangstudy ~]# docker pas
docker: 'pas' is not a docker command.
See 'docker --help'
[root@wangstudy ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
四 日誌、元數據、進程的查看
1. docker logs 查看日誌
格式： docker logs [選項] 容器Id
-
-f : 跟蹤日誌輸出
-
--since :顯示某個開始時間的所有日誌
-
-t : 顯示時間戳
-
--tail :僅列出最新N條容器日誌
默認我們是沒有日誌
我們自己編寫一個shell腳本,如下:
while true;do echo wang;sleep 1;done
運行如下：
日誌顯示：
2. docker top 查看進行信息
3. docker inspect 查看容器元數據
[root@wangstudy ~]# docker inspect 089d44c214ac
[
{
"Id": "089d44c214acec91a18f261fd669c55edb31f88533df3a3420b8ac0171ed73c6",
"Created": "2020-06-01T08:13:49.627625137Z",
"Path": "/bin/sh",
"Args": [
"-c",
"while true;do echo wang;sleep 1;done"
],
"State": {
"Status": "running",
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 17899,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2020-06-01T08:13:50.078697611Z",
"FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
},
"Image": "sha256:470671670cac686c7cf0081e0b37da2e9f4f768ddc5f6a26102ccd1c6954c1ee",
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/089d44c214acec91a18f261fd669c55edb31f88533df3a3420b8ac0171ed73c6/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/089d44c214acec91a18f261fd669c55edb31f88533df3a3420b8ac0171ed73c6/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/089d44c214acec91a18f261fd669c55edb31f88533df3a3420b8ac0171ed73c6/hosts",
"LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/089d44c214acec91a18f261fd669c55edb31f88533df3a3420b8ac0171ed73c6/089d44c214acec91a18f261fd669c55edb31f88533df3a3420b8ac0171ed73c6-json.log",
"Name": "/blissful_agnesi",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "overlay2",
"Platform": "linux",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"AppArmorProfile": "",
"ExecIDs": null,
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": null,
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "json-file",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "default",
"PortBindings": {},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "no",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": null,
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"Capabilities": null,
"Dns": [],
"DnsOptions": [],
"DnsSearch": [],
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "private",
"Cgroup": "",
"Links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "runc",
"ConsoleSize": [
0,
0
],
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": [],
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"Devices": [],
"DeviceCgroupRules": null,
"DeviceRequests": null,
"KernelMemory": 0,
"KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
"MemoryReservation": 0,
"MemorySwap": 0,
"MemorySwappiness": null,
"OomKillDisable": false,
"PidsLimit": null,
"Ulimits": null,
"CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0,
"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
"MaskedPaths": [
"/proc/asound",
"/proc/acpi",
"/proc/kcore",
"/proc/keys",
"/proc/latency_stats",
"/proc/timer_list",
"/proc/timer_stats",
"/proc/sched_debug",
"/proc/scsi",
"/sys/firmware"
],
"ReadonlyPaths": [
"/proc/bus",
"/proc/fs",
"/proc/irq",
"/proc/sys",
"/proc/sysrq-trigger"
]
},
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/9df12c3cbfb53d37af6ea926efdf49a136ee9ccf0c5b35ce4ab7c36513d7b547-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/f7c5eda32706d08bc2ac06d975f6acf14dc9f2a2cf4fbfe24b9f27110637b423/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/9df12c3cbfb53d37af6ea926efdf49a136ee9ccf0c5b35ce4ab7c36513d7b547/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/9df12c3cbfb53d37af6ea926efdf49a136ee9ccf0c5b35ce4ab7c36513d7b547/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/9df12c3cbfb53d37af6ea926efdf49a136ee9ccf0c5b35ce4ab7c36513d7b547/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"Mounts": [],
"Config": {
"Hostname": "089d44c214ac",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/sh",
"-c",
"while true;do echo wang;sleep 1;done"
],
"Image": "centos",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"org.label-schema.build-date": "20200114",
"org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
"org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
"org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
"org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS",
"org.opencontainers.image.created": "2020-01-14 00:00:00-08:00",
"org.opencontainers.image.licenses": "GPL-2.0-only",
"org.opencontainers.image.title": "CentOS Base Image",
"org.opencontainers.image.vendor": "CentOS"
}
},
"NetworkSettings": {
"Bridge": "",
"SandboxID": "eb1d3207aba39468dc75c6913fa9e5c9793d750946cbe7bd4dc73fb15277e04b",
"HairpinMode": false,
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"Ports": {},
"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/eb1d3207aba3",
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"EndpointID": "152c5d0be49b0525295ad4466930696ec248fe28459b9c244c479c24f240bab3",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.3",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:03",
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID": "a2986200147eec90464d8cb789679ad33c2a8b651626fa52fad452d53d3235af",
"EndpointID": "152c5d0be49b0525295ad4466930696ec248fe28459b9c244c479c24f240bab3",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.3",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:03",
"DriverOpts": null
}
}
}
}
]
4. 進入容器
1.docker exec -it 容器id /bin/bash 以交互模式運行容器，進入後開啓一個新終端
2. docker attach 容器id 正在執行當前代碼，不會開新終端
5. 從容器內拷貝
docker cp 容器id：容器內路徑 目的路徑
