Windows SDK 單窗口基本代碼

使用方法:

在VS中建立一個空的工程, 添加一個main.cpp文件, 將下方代碼粘貼進去, 即可運行

單窗口基本代碼:

#include <windows.h>

#define WINDOW_WIDTH 800
#define WINDOW_HEIGHT 600


/* 全局變量定義區 */
char* g_szApplicationName = "AppName";
char* g_szWindowClassName = "windowClassName";

/* 消息回調函數 */
LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND   hwnd,
    UINT   msg,
    WPARAM wParam,
    LPARAM lParam)
{
    HDC hdc;
    PAINTSTRUCT ps;
    RECT rect;

    switch (msg)
    {
    case WM_PAINT:
        hdc = BeginPaint(hwnd, &ps);
        GetClientRect(hwnd, &rect);
        DrawText(hdc, TEXT("This is a window program"), -1, &rect,
            DT_SINGLELINE | DT_CENTER | DT_VCENTER);
        EndPaint(hwnd, &ps);
        break;
    case WM_DESTROY:
        //終了程序,發送WM_QUIT消息  
        PostQuitMessage(0);
        break;
    }

    return DefWindowProc(hwnd, msg, wParam, lParam);
}


int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance,
    HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
    LPSTR     szCmdLine,
    int       iCmdShow)
{
    HWND hWnd;  //窗口句柄
    WNDCLASSEX winclass;    //窗口類對象

                            //窗口類對象的初始化
    winclass.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
    winclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
    winclass.lpfnWndProc = WindowProc;
    winclass.cbClsExtra = 0;
    winclass.cbWndExtra = 0;
    winclass.hInstance = hInstance;
    winclass.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
    winclass.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
    winclass.hbrBackground = NULL;
    winclass.lpszMenuName = NULL;
    winclass.lpszClassName = g_szWindowClassName;
    winclass.hIconSm = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);

    //註冊窗口類
    if (!RegisterClassEx(&winclass))
    {
        MessageBox(NULL, "Registration Failed!", "Error", 0);
        return 0;
    }

    //創建窗口  
    hWnd = CreateWindowEx(NULL,                 // extended style
        g_szWindowClassName,  // window class name
        g_szApplicationName,  // window caption
        WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,  // window style
        0,                    // initial x position
        0,                    // initial y position
        WINDOW_WIDTH,         // initial x size
        WINDOW_HEIGHT,        // initial y size
        NULL,                 // parent window handle
        NULL,                 // window menu handle
        hInstance,            // program instance handle
        NULL);                // creation parameters

                              //容錯處理
    if (!hWnd)
    {
        MessageBox(NULL, "CreateWindowEx Failed!", "Error!", 0);
        return 0;
    }

    //顯示窗口
    ShowWindow(hWnd, iCmdShow);
    UpdateWindow(hWnd);

    MSG msg;
    while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
    {
        TranslateMessage(&msg);
        DispatchMessage(&msg);
    }

    return msg.wParam;
}

增加雙緩衝窗體的代碼:

在此窗口上進行描畫不會發生閃爍

#include <windows.h>

#define WINDOW_WIDTH 800
#define WINDOW_HEIGHT 600


/* 全局變量定義區 */
char* g_szApplicationName = "AppName";
char* g_szWindowClassName = "windowClassName";

/* 消息回調函數 */
LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND   hwnd,
    UINT   msg,
    WPARAM wParam,
    LPARAM lParam)
{
    //存儲用戶窗口的寬和高
    static int cxClient, cyClient;

    //用於創建後備緩衝
    static HDC      hdcBackBuffer;
    static HBITMAP  hBitmap;
    static HBITMAP  hOldBitmap;

    switch (msg)
    {
    case WM_CREATE:
    {
        RECT rect;

        GetClientRect(hwnd, &rect);

        cxClient = rect.right;
        cyClient = rect.bottom;

        //將窗口移動到屏幕中央
        int scrWidth, scrHeight;
        scrWidth = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXSCREEN);
        scrHeight = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYSCREEN);
        GetWindowRect(hwnd, &rect);
        MoveWindow(hwnd, (scrWidth - rect.right) / 2, (scrHeight - rect.bottom) / 2, 
            rect.right - rect.left, rect.bottom - rect.top, FALSE);

        //後備緩衝區相關處理
        hdcBackBuffer = CreateCompatibleDC(NULL);
        HDC hdc = GetDC(hwnd);
        hBitmap = CreateCompatibleBitmap(hdc, cxClient, cyClient);
        hOldBitmap = (HBITMAP)SelectObject(hdcBackBuffer, hBitmap);
        //銷燬處理
        ReleaseDC(hwnd, hdc);
    }
    break;
    case WM_KEYUP:
        //按下Esc退出
        switch (wParam)
        {
        case VK_ESCAPE:
            PostQuitMessage(0);
            break;
        }
        break;
    case WM_PAINT:
        PAINTSTRUCT ps;
        BeginPaint(hwnd, &ps);
        //對界面進行描畫, 這裏只是塗上黑色
        BitBlt(hdcBackBuffer,
            0,
            0,
            cxClient,
            cyClient,
            NULL,
            NULL,
            NULL,
            BLACKNESS);

        BitBlt(ps.hdc, 0, 0, cxClient, cyClient, hdcBackBuffer, 0, 0, SRCCOPY);
        EndPaint(hwnd, &ps);

        //描畫延遲
        Sleep(10);
        break;
    case WM_SIZE:
    {
        //變更窗口大小時的處理
        cxClient = LOWORD(lParam);
        cyClient = HIWORD(lParam);

        SelectObject(hdcBackBuffer, hOldBitmap);
        DeleteObject(hBitmap);
        HDC hdc = GetDC(hwnd);
        hBitmap = CreateCompatibleBitmap(hdc,
            cxClient,
            cyClient);

        ReleaseDC(hwnd, hdc);
        SelectObject(hdcBackBuffer, hBitmap);
    }
    break;
    case WM_DESTROY:
        //清除並銷燬後備緩衝區
        SelectObject(hdcBackBuffer, hOldBitmap);
        DeleteDC(hdcBackBuffer);
        DeleteObject(hBitmap);

        //終了程序,發送WM_QUIT消息  
        PostQuitMessage(0);
        break;
    }

    return DefWindowProc(hwnd, msg, wParam, lParam);
}


int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance,
    HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
    LPSTR     szCmdLine,
    int       iCmdShow)
{
    HWND hWnd;  //窗口句柄
    WNDCLASSEX winclass;    //窗口類對象

                            //窗口類對象的初始化
    winclass.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
    winclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
    winclass.lpfnWndProc = WindowProc;
    winclass.cbClsExtra = 0;
    winclass.cbWndExtra = 0;
    winclass.hInstance = hInstance;
    winclass.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
    winclass.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
    winclass.hbrBackground = NULL;
    winclass.lpszMenuName = NULL;
    winclass.lpszClassName = g_szWindowClassName;
    winclass.hIconSm = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);

    //註冊窗口類
    if (!RegisterClassEx(&winclass))
    {
        MessageBox(NULL, "Registration Failed!", "Error", 0);
        return 0;
    }

    //創建窗口  
    hWnd = CreateWindowEx(NULL,                 // extended style
        g_szWindowClassName,  // window class name
        g_szApplicationName,  // window caption
        WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,  // window style
        0,                    // initial x position
        0,                    // initial y position
        WINDOW_WIDTH,         // initial x size
        WINDOW_HEIGHT,        // initial y size
        NULL,                 // parent window handle
        NULL,                 // window menu handle
        hInstance,            // program instance handle
        NULL);                // creation parameters

                              //容錯處理
    if (!hWnd)
    {
        MessageBox(NULL, "CreateWindowEx Failed!", "Error!", 0);
        return 0;
    }

    //顯示窗口
    ShowWindow(hWnd, iCmdShow);
    UpdateWindow(hWnd);

    MSG msg;
    while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
    {
        TranslateMessage(&msg);
        DispatchMessage(&msg);
    }

    return msg.wParam;
}