江湖事兒 | 技術人如何做好晉升準備

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"又到一年晉升季，哈迪想跟大夥嘮嘮技術人晉升的一些事兒。對於技術人來說，相信大多都有一些共同的特點就是比較專注於技術本身，來爲業務賦能，而缺少了溝通和表達等軟實力的培養，沒錯哈迪就是，本文就是把哈迪在準備過程中的一些心得和收穫分享出來，希望對大家有幫助。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"關於職級"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"很多公司都有自己的職級體系，如阿里的P系，百度的T系等。即便最簡單的職級劃分，也有初、中、高級工程師之分。因爲一家公司的每個崗位，都有着不同職級的用工需求，比如奮鬥在業務前線的工程師、持續優化技術體系的架構師等等；同時，人都有需求層次的升級，晉升能帶來更多的薪酬和價值認可。我們首先要清晰公司職級的能力描述，比如從初級工程師到中級工程師的能力描述："}]},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"初級：在mentor（導師/學長）的引導下完成職責內的工作"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"中級：獨立承擔工作，有意識推進工作優化，協作能力等"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"高級：想啥，還遠着呢"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"也就是說，我們會從簡單的做好mentor安排的工作，過渡到一個獨立承擔某塊業務，關注業務表現並推動業務優化的階段。清楚目標職級的能力要求很重要，因爲接下來的準備，都是聚焦在這個點上的。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"晉升流程"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"相信大多數公司的晉升流程都是大同小異的，比如從"},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"leader約談、回顧和收集材料、準備PPT、演練、到正式答辯"}]},{"type":"text","text":"幾個環節，當然可能有些公司或者高職級晉升會有不止一輪的答辯。答辯聽衆除了直屬leader外，通常又會有來自不同部門的同事，比如HR/BP、其他團隊leader等作爲評委進行提問，這點又是非常重要的。說到這，我們大致可以清晰的知道晉升準備的關鍵要素，就是"},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"在自己做的事情中，把跟職級描述最緊密的事挑出來，說給不同領域的人聽，而且要聽的明明白白"}]},{"type":"text","text":"，即聚焦"},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"職級匹配度"}]},{"type":"text","text":"和"},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"目標受衆"}]},{"type":"text","text":"，劃重點！下面就由哈迪爲大家帶來，《如何準備晉升答辯》的答辯（禁止套娃）。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/3a/3ad69216f9310e982514577c2b61c7ff.jpeg","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"25%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"環節展開"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"挑選案例 | 有的放矢"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"剛開始，懵懂的哈迪是這麼想的，晉升嘛，一年來做的事情可多了，都列一列吧，然後比較牛逼的事情，就多加幾頁PPT重點描述一下，這樣別人一看就知道哈迪高產似那啥，那晉升豈不是妥妥的。於是，哈迪做出的PPT是這樣的，"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/5d/5df459794a4e8a7e2f4c7583e8ed820c.jpeg","alt":null,"title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"沒錯，足足26頁，從自我介紹、mentor安排完成工作、獨立承擔業務、成長的心路歷程、到後續規劃應有盡有，結果給到leader看，怕是要當場氣暈。在初步溝通後，明確了答辯大概是15分鐘，PPT呢，最好也足夠簡練，控制在15頁左右，在業務和技術兩個角度各挑一個案例來闡述就行了。爲什麼這麼說呢，前面提到"},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"職級匹配度"}]},{"type":"text","text":"，就是說，我們要傳達的信息是，自己做的事情，有沒有很好的證明你達到了職級所描述的能力，即我們應該從做過的事情裏，選出，不是最牛逼，而是最能證明你"},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"匹配該職級"}]},{"type":"text","text":"的事情。就比如，從業務角度挑一個例子來證明，你有獨立承擔某塊業務並能有意識優化；從技術角度挑一個例子證明，你能很好的協作或者協調資源，來做好技術優化，只要這兩個例子足夠匹配職級就夠了。評委對你的心路歷程、做的一堆事情毫無興趣，他們唯一要get到的點是，有沒有達到能力要求。so，下面重點來看看PPT要怎麼做，沒錯，PPT的學問可大着呢，可是我們做技術的偏偏不屑於投入時間去整PPT，沒錯說的就是我。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"門面擔當 | PPT"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"一份好的PPT是具備很強的表現力的，就跟一個好的產品是不需要教用戶怎麼使用的一樣。PPT不需要太多華麗的配色呀、特效呀，尤其是要避免一堆花裏胡哨的轉場動畫，這樣在講的過程中，你和評委一起斷斷續續的看着各種動畫播完，場面別提多尷尬了。所以，PPT一定要足夠"},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"濃縮簡練"}]},{"type":"text","text":"。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"首先來點理論知識，像大家都快用爛了的"},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"STAR法則"}]},{"type":"text","text":"，依然是強有力的表達形式，"}]},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"STAR法則,即爲Situation Target Action Result的縮寫，具體含義是:"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Situation: 事情是在什麼情況下發生"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Target 你是如何明確你的目標的"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Action: 針對這樣的情況分析，你採用了什麼行動方式"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Result: 結果怎樣，在這樣的情況下你學習到了什麼"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"引用自"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://baike.baidu.com/item/STAR%E6%B3%95%E5%88%99/9056070","title":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"百科"}],"marks":[{"type":"strong"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"用在技術角度上，就是從項目背景，個人職責，怎麼做的，爲什麼這麼做，遇到的挑戰和解決，到最終結果怎麼樣這麼一個流程。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"首先，我們先濃縮出一套大致15頁的PPT骨架，"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/09/09ef7e23a428e48d60453809edcab698.jpeg","alt":null,"title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"對，沒錯，自我介紹和致謝部分都被砍了，這些內容在答辯的時候直接提一下即可，沒必要貼出來佔位置。同時，聚焦在業務項目、技術項目和規劃上，讓PPT變得非常"},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"簡練而有重點"}]},{"type":"text","text":"。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"重點業務&技術項目"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在業務和技術各挑好一個案例後，這裏可以使用"},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"價值先行"}]},{"type":"text","text":"的策略，即講完背景順便拋出產出的結果/價值（價值可以體現在兩方面，一是業務數據，二是性能/效率提升），這樣可以快速吸引評委注意，讓他們帶着疑問：你這是做了些啥，來取得這麼牛逼的成果。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/db/dbb5c5e00ec5584d981403d6ccc2def5.jpeg","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"25%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"然後，"},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"介紹清楚自己的職責"}]},{"type":"text","text":"，因爲可能有些項目是和其他小夥伴一起完成的，如果不講清楚，可能會你剛答辯完，下一個就是你的小夥伴，然後他也參與了這個項目，這樣評委就一臉懵逼，這TM是誰做的？在提問環節還要去問你做了哪部分，怎麼你這一套，他那又是另一套的？場面立即就很尷尬了。所以，最好是在先介紹整個項目流程的時候，提一下或者標紅標出自己負責的那部分。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"然後，"},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"不要貼大段代碼，能用圖表達的，堅決不用文字"}]},{"type":"text","text":"！比如舉個例子，我們接入了一塊新業務，重構了頁面結構，左邊用生硬的文字和代碼段來表達，右邊直接拿新老頁面結構圖對比，"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/3b/3ba4e6be4ea0366a87f6cbe0b05b7481.jpeg","alt":null,"title":null,"style":null,"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"很明顯右邊的PPT更具備表現力嘛，這裏還引出了一個問題，就是"},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"儘可能少用專業術語"}]},{"type":"text","text":"。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"晉升答辯跟技術分享有着本質區別，首先受衆就不一樣。技術分享往往是同行，所以分享更注重介紹、使用、原理等等；晉升答辯受衆來自不同領域，我們要將術語抽象化，比如講到這頁PPT時，"}]},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"說：在拓寬業務時，我將原先的Activity進行了業務劃分，抽取成多個fragment來解耦"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這樣描述，評委們比如我們可愛的HR小姐姐是get不到的，應該進行抽象，如，"}]},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"說：在拓寬業務時，我將原先的主頁面進行了業務劃分，抽取成多個子頁面來解耦"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這樣，不管是不是接觸過Android的同事，都能很好的理解你到底做了什麼。也就是說，我們要"},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"降低評委的技術認知"}]},{"type":"text","text":"，最好站在他們的角度，去感受自己的表達方式是否合理清晰。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"然後，就是遇到的難題和解決思路，這一塊可以結合"},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"技術和業務的互哺"}]},{"type":"text","text":"來講。在剖析業務時，怎麼技術選型；在做技術優化時，怎麼去理解兼顧業務。這一塊的思考是一個昇華的階段，僅僅通過就事論事的思路去講述，往往會把這個事情描述得“平淡無奇”，即便做的事情很牛逼，也沒法讓評委get到你對這件事情的理解和思考。我們都知道，技術稍微走在業務前面是最理想的狀態，走太快偏離了業務，帶來資源浪費；走太慢跟不上業務，容易錯失商業機會。那麼在演講的時候就應該很好的結合進來，比如在業務上去理解技術，"}]},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在業務項目上，我清楚了需求背景，同時也知道接下來短期內聚焦的核心業務，我是出於這樣的場景，來決策出自己的重構方案和解決難題的"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"又比如在技術上去反哺業務，"}]},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在做技術改造時，充分了解了當前的大背景下，這個技術選型能夠給業務帶來更多的可能性，能高效地支持接下來的快速試錯和迭代"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"把這些思考帶進來講述，高度就上了一個臺階。同時，後面的提問環節，這些思考往往也是評委們最關注的。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"規劃"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"規劃方面，同樣也可以分成業務和技術兩個角度去安排。比如在業務上拓寬業務邊界，在技術上結合當下業務做技術預研等。這裏主要就是不要太籠統，最好能具體的列出一兩件已經開始或準備開始做的事情。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"刻意練習 | 熟能生巧"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"相信大家都不是天生的演說家，第一次難免會慫，要克服緊張，避免演講的時候語無倫次，最好的方式就是"},{"type":"codeinline","content":[{"type":"text","text":"反覆刻意練習"}]},{"type":"text","text":"。反覆就是次數要多，多到什麼程度，你還沒講完一段話，心裏已經有底，知道下一段話要講什麼了。熟練到這種程度，才能避免緊張引起的突然短路。當然啦，練習演講的時候，可以準備好逐字稿，就是把講的話都寫下來，反覆優化詞句，幹掉一些無關緊要的廢話。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"正式答辯 | 穩心態"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"經過了前面幾個步驟，也基本ok了。答辯主要就是心態要穩，像哈迪腦回路不行，容易突然短路的，可以將逐字稿全部帖進PPT的備註欄，演講的時候經過投屏也只有自己能看到。當然，你可別全程盯着自己的屏幕念稿子，一定要和評委進行眼神交流，時刻關注他們的眼神反饋，備註只是拿來做提示的。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"然後是把握節奏，簡單的東西一句帶過，重點內容騰出足夠時間，慢慢講明白，確保評委的眼神裏已經get到了你想表達的點爲止。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"至於問答，就真的是靈魂拷問啦，雖然不會像面試那樣扣技術細節，更多的是針對職級具備能力方面去提問，比如你怎麼理解這個業務，你爲什麼要選這個方案有沒有更好的，你怎麼去評估成本和價值等等，這裏只能說大家提前預測一下，然後簡單準備些材料就行了，一切隨緣~"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"尾聲"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"當然，不同的公司有不同的要求，一定要有的放矢。其實吧，經過一年的工作，根據自己做的事情和產出的價值，晉升成功的機率也基本確定了，但這並不意味着可以不太花心思去準備，因爲需要高效的把信息傳遞出來，回顧和總結本身也是成長的一個過程。一場好的答辯，不一定能提升多大的成功機率，但糟糕的答辯，很可能會失敗告終。哈迪講完了，屏幕前的各位評委們，來個靈魂拷問不？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/c2/c2caa3245b7ae35ac5402015a03ee1a7.jpeg","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"25%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"關注哈利迪，有機會一起擺地攤~"}]}]},{"type":"horizontalrule"},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/a5/a59a19a54e6436e666d4a9b74fff8c29.jpeg","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"50%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}}]}