最近給xmake增加了一個新特性,對於一份工程源碼,可以不用編寫makefile,也不用編寫各種make相關的工程描述文件(例如:xmake.lua,makefile.am, cmakelist.txt等)
xmake就可以直接編譯他們,這是如何做到的呢,簡單來說下實現原理:
- 首先掃描當前目錄下,xmake所以支持的所有源代碼文件
- 分析代碼,檢測哪些代碼擁有main入口函數
- 所有沒有main入口的代碼編譯成靜態庫
- 帶有main入口的代碼,編譯成可執行程序,同時鏈接其他靜態庫程序
這種代碼掃描和智能編譯,非常簡單,目前xmake還不支持多級目錄掃描,只對單級目錄的代碼進行掃描編譯。。
開源代碼的移植和編譯
雖然這種方式,並不是非常智能,限制也不少,但是對於想臨時寫些代碼進行編譯運行,或者臨時想交叉編譯一些簡單的開源庫代碼
這種方式已經足夠使用了,下面看下一個實際的例子:
我下載了一份zlib-1.2.10的源碼,想要編譯它,只需要進入zlib的源碼目錄執行:
$ cd zlib-1.2.10
$ xmake
就行了,輸出結果如下:
xmake.lua not found, scanning files ..
target(zlib-1.2): static
[+]: ./adler32.c
[+]: ./compress.c
[+]: ./crc32.c
[+]: ./deflate.c
[+]: ./gzclose.c
[+]: ./gzlib.c
[+]: ./gzread.c
[+]: ./gzwrite.c
[+]: ./infback.c
[+]: ./inffast.c
[+]: ./inflate.c
[+]: ./inftrees.c
[+]: ./trees.c
[+]: ./uncompr.c
[+]: ./zutil.c
xmake.lua generated, scan ok!��
checking for the architecture ... x86_64
checking for the Xcode SDK version for macosx ... 10.12
checking for the target minimal version ... 10.12
checking for the c compiler (cc) ... xcrun -sdk macosx clang
checking for the c++ compiler (cxx) ... xcrun -sdk macosx clang
checking for the objc compiler (mm) ... xcrun -sdk macosx clang
checking for the objc++ compiler (mxx) ... xcrun -sdk macosx clang++
checking for the swift compiler (sc) ... xcrun -sdk macosx swiftc
checking for the assember (as) ... xcrun -sdk macosx clang
checking for the linker (ld) ... xcrun -sdk macosx clang++
checking for the static library archiver (ar) ... xcrun -sdk macosx ar
checking for the static library extractor (ex) ... xcrun -sdk macosx ar
checking for the shared library linker (sh) ... xcrun -sdk macosx clang++
checking for the debugger (dd) ... xcrun -sdk macosx lldb
checking for the golang compiler (go) ... go
configure
{
ex = "xcrun -sdk macosx ar"
, sh = "xcrun -sdk macosx clang++"
, host = "macosx"
, ar = "xcrun -sdk macosx ar"
, buildir = "build"
, as = "xcrun -sdk macosx clang"
, plat = "macosx"
, xcode_dir = "/Applications/Xcode.app"
, arch = "x86_64"
, mxx = "xcrun -sdk macosx clang++"
, go = "go"
, target_minver = "10.12"
, ccache = "ccache"
, mode = "release"
, clean = true
, cxx = "xcrun -sdk macosx clang"
, cc = "xcrun -sdk macosx clang"
, dd = "xcrun -sdk macosx lldb"
, kind = "static"
, ld = "xcrun -sdk macosx clang++"
, xcode_sdkver = "10.12"
, sc = "xcrun -sdk macosx swiftc"
, mm = "xcrun -sdk macosx clang"
}
configure ok!
clean ok!
[00%]: ccache compiling.release ./adler32.c
[06%]: ccache compiling.release ./compress.c
[13%]: ccache compiling.release ./crc32.c
[20%]: ccache compiling.release ./deflate.c
[26%]: ccache compiling.release ./gzclose.c
[33%]: ccache compiling.release ./gzlib.c
[40%]: ccache compiling.release ./gzread.c
[46%]: ccache compiling.release ./gzwrite.c
[53%]: ccache compiling.release ./infback.c
[60%]: ccache compiling.release ./inffast.c
[66%]: ccache compiling.release ./inflate.c
[73%]: ccache compiling.release ./inftrees.c
[80%]: ccache compiling.release ./trees.c
[86%]: ccache compiling.release ./uncompr.c
[93%]: ccache compiling.release ./zutil.c
[100%]: archiving.release libzlib-1.2.a
build ok!��
通過輸出結果,可以看到,xmake會去檢測掃描當前目錄下的所有.c代碼,發現沒有main入口,應該是靜態庫程序,因此執行xmake後,就直接編譯成靜態庫libzlib-1.2.a了
連xmake.lua都沒有編寫,其實xmake在掃描完成後,會去自動在當前目錄下生成一份xmake.lua,下次編譯就不需要重新掃描檢測了。
自動生成的xmake.lua內容如下:
-- define target
target("zlib-1.2")
-- set kind
set_kind("static")
-- add files
add_files("./adler32.c")
add_files("./compress.c")
add_files("./crc32.c")
add_files("./deflate.c")
add_files("./gzclose.c")
add_files("./gzlib.c")
add_files("./gzread.c")
add_files("./gzwrite.c")
add_files("./infback.c")
add_files("./inffast.c")
add_files("./inflate.c")
add_files("./inftrees.c")
add_files("./trees.c")
add_files("./uncompr.c")
add_files("./zutil.c")
也許你會說,像這種開源庫,直接configure; make
不就好了嗎,他們自己也有提供makefile來直接編譯的,的確是這樣,我這裏只是舉個例子而已。。
當然,很多開源庫在交叉編譯的時候,通過自帶的configure
,處理起來還是很繁瑣的,用xmake進行交叉編譯會更方便些。。
即時地代碼編寫和編譯運行
xmake的這個掃描代碼編譯特性,主要的目的:還是爲了讓我們在臨時想寫些測試代碼的時候,不用考慮太多東西,直接上手敲代碼,然後快速執行xmake run
來調試驗證結果。。
例如:
我想寫了個簡單的main.c的測試程序,打印hello world!
,如果要寫makefile或者直接通過gcc命令來,就很繁瑣了,你需要:
gcc ./main.c -o demo
./demo
最快速的方式,也需要執行兩行命令,而如果用xmake,只需要執行:
xmake run
就行了,它會自動檢測到代碼後,自動生成對應的xmake.lua,自動編譯,自動運行,然後輸出:
hello world!
如果你有十幾個代碼文件,用手敲gcc的方式,或者寫makefile的方式,這個差距就更明顯了,用xmake還是隻需要一行命令:
xmake run
多語言支持
這種代碼檢測和即時編譯,是支持多語言的,不僅支持c/c++,還支持objc/swift,後期還會支持golang(正在開發中)
例如我下載了一份fmdb的ios開源框架代碼:
.
├── FMDB.h
├── FMDatabase.h
├── FMDatabase.m
├── FMDatabaseAdditions.h
├── FMDatabaseAdditions.m
├── FMDatabasePool.h
├── FMDatabasePool.m
├── FMDatabaseQueue.h
├── FMDatabaseQueue.m
├── FMResultSet.h
└── FMResultSet.m
想要把它編譯成ios的靜態庫,但是又不想寫xmake.lua,或者makefile,那麼只需要使用xmake的這個新特性,直接執行:
$ xmake f -p iphoneos; xmake
就行了,輸出結果如下:
xmake.lua not found, scanning files ..
target(FMDB): static
[+]: ./FMDatabase.m
[+]: ./FMDatabaseAdditions.m
[+]: ./FMDatabasePool.m
[+]: ./FMDatabaseQueue.m
[+]: ./FMResultSet.m
xmake.lua generated, scan ok!��
checking for the architecture ... armv7
checking for the Xcode SDK version for iphoneos ... 10.1
checking for the target minimal version ... 10.1
checking for the c compiler (cc) ... xcrun -sdk iphoneos clang
checking for the c++ compiler (cxx) ... xcrun -sdk iphoneos clang
checking for the objc compiler (mm) ... xcrun -sdk iphoneos clang
checking for the objc++ compiler (mxx) ... xcrun -sdk iphoneos clang++
checking for the assember (as) ... gas-preprocessor.pl xcrun -sdk iphoneos clang
checking for the linker (ld) ... xcrun -sdk iphoneos clang++
checking for the static library archiver (ar) ... xcrun -sdk iphoneos ar
checking for the static library extractor (ex) ... xcrun -sdk iphoneos ar
checking for the shared library linker (sh) ... xcrun -sdk iphoneos clang++
checking for the swift compiler (sc) ... xcrun -sdk iphoneos swiftc
configure
{
ex = "xcrun -sdk iphoneos ar"
, ccache = "ccache"
, host = "macosx"
, ar = "xcrun -sdk iphoneos ar"
, buildir = "build"
, as = "/usr/local/share/xmake/tools/utils/gas-preprocessor.pl xcrun -sdk iphoneos clang"
, arch = "armv7"
, mxx = "xcrun -sdk iphoneos clang++"
, cxx = "xcrun -sdk iphoneos clang"
, target_minver = "10.1"
, xcode_dir = "/Applications/Xcode.app"
, clean = true
, sh = "xcrun -sdk iphoneos clang++"
, cc = "xcrun -sdk iphoneos clang"
, ld = "xcrun -sdk iphoneos clang++"
, mode = "release"
, kind = "static"
, plat = "iphoneos"
, xcode_sdkver = "10.1"
, sc = "xcrun -sdk iphoneos swiftc"
, mm = "xcrun -sdk iphoneos clang"
}
configure ok!
clean ok!
[00%]: ccache compiling.release ./FMDatabase.m
[20%]: ccache compiling.release ./FMDatabaseAdditions.m
[40%]: ccache compiling.release ./FMDatabasePool.m
[60%]: ccache compiling.release ./FMDatabaseQueue.m
[80%]: ccache compiling.release ./FMResultSet.m
[100%]: archiving.release libFMDB.a
build ok!��
同時編譯多個可執行文件
輸出結果的開頭部分,就是對代碼的分析結果,雖然目前只支持單級目錄結構的代碼掃描,但是還是可以同時支持檢測和編譯多個可執行文件的
我們以libjpeg的開源庫爲例:
我們進入jpeg-6b目錄後,執行:
$ xmake
輸出如下:
xmake.lua not found, scanning files ..
target(jpeg-6b): static
[+]: ./cdjpeg.c
[+]: ./example.c
[+]: ./jcapimin.c
[+]: ./jcapistd.c
[+]: ./jccoefct.c
[+]: ./jccolor.c
[+]: ./jcdctmgr.c
[+]: ./jchuff.c
[+]: ./jcinit.c
[+]: ./jcmainct.c
[+]: ./jcmarker.c
[+]: ./jcmaster.c
[+]: ./jcomapi.c
[+]: ./jcparam.c
[+]: ./jcphuff.c
[+]: ./jcprepct.c
[+]: ./jcsample.c
[+]: ./jctrans.c
[+]: ./jdapimin.c
[+]: ./jdapistd.c
[+]: ./jdatadst.c
[+]: ./jdatasrc.c
[+]: ./jdcoefct.c
[+]: ./jdcolor.c
[+]: ./jddctmgr.c
[+]: ./jdhuff.c
[+]: ./jdinput.c
[+]: ./jdmainct.c
[+]: ./jdmarker.c
[+]: ./jdmaster.c
[+]: ./jdmerge.c
[+]: ./jdphuff.c
[+]: ./jdpostct.c
[+]: ./jdsample.c
[+]: ./jdtrans.c
[+]: ./jerror.c
[+]: ./jfdctflt.c
[+]: ./jfdctfst.c
[+]: ./jfdctint.c
[+]: ./jidctflt.c
[+]: ./jidctfst.c
[+]: ./jidctint.c
[+]: ./jidctred.c
[+]: ./jmemansi.c
[+]: ./jmemmgr.c
[+]: ./jmemname.c
[+]: ./jmemnobs.c
[+]: ./jquant1.c
[+]: ./jquant2.c
[+]: ./jutils.c
[+]: ./rdbmp.c
[+]: ./rdcolmap.c
[+]: ./rdgif.c
[+]: ./rdppm.c
[+]: ./rdrle.c
[+]: ./rdswitch.c
[+]: ./rdtarga.c
[+]: ./transupp.c
[+]: ./wrbmp.c
[+]: ./wrgif.c
[+]: ./wrppm.c
[+]: ./wrrle.c
[+]: ./wrtarga.c
target(ansi2knr): binary
[+]: ./ansi2knr.c
target(cjpeg): binary
[+]: ./cjpeg.c
target(ckconfig): binary
[+]: ./ckconfig.c
target(djpeg): binary
[+]: ./djpeg.c
target(jpegtran): binary
[+]: ./jpegtran.c
target(rdjpgcom): binary
[+]: ./rdjpgcom.c
target(wrjpgcom): binary
[+]: ./wrjpgcom.c
xmake.lua generated, scan ok!��
checking for the architecture ... x86_64
checking for the Xcode SDK version for macosx ... 10.12
checking for the target minimal version ... 10.12
checking for the c compiler (cc) ... xcrun -sdk macosx clang
checking for the c++ compiler (cxx) ... xcrun -sdk macosx clang
checking for the objc compiler (mm) ... xcrun -sdk macosx clang
checking for the objc++ compiler (mxx) ... xcrun -sdk macosx clang++
checking for the swift compiler (sc) ... xcrun -sdk macosx swiftc
checking for the assember (as) ... xcrun -sdk macosx clang
checking for the linker (ld) ... xcrun -sdk macosx clang++
checking for the static library archiver (ar) ... xcrun -sdk macosx ar
checking for the static library extractor (ex) ... xcrun -sdk macosx ar
checking for the shared library linker (sh) ... xcrun -sdk macosx clang++
checking for the debugger (dd) ... xcrun -sdk macosx lldb
checking for the golang compiler (go) ... go
configure
{
ex = "xcrun -sdk macosx ar"
, sh = "xcrun -sdk macosx clang++"
, host = "macosx"
, ar = "xcrun -sdk macosx ar"
, buildir = "build"
, as = "xcrun -sdk macosx clang"
, plat = "macosx"
, xcode_dir = "/Applications/Xcode.app"
, arch = "x86_64"
, mxx = "xcrun -sdk macosx clang++"
, go = "go"
, target_minver = "10.12"
, ccache = "ccache"
, mode = "release"
, clean = true
, cxx = "xcrun -sdk macosx clang"
, cc = "xcrun -sdk macosx clang"
, dd = "xcrun -sdk macosx lldb"
, kind = "static"
, ld = "xcrun -sdk macosx clang++"
, xcode_sdkver = "10.12"
, sc = "xcrun -sdk macosx swiftc"
, mm = "xcrun -sdk macosx clang"
}
configure ok!
clean ok!
[00%]: ccache compiling.release ./cdjpeg.c
[00%]: ccache compiling.release ./example.c
[00%]: ccache compiling.release ./jcapimin.c
[00%]: ccache compiling.release ./jcapistd.c
[00%]: ccache compiling.release ./jccoefct.c
[00%]: ccache compiling.release ./jccolor.c
[01%]: ccache compiling.release ./jcdctmgr.c
[01%]: ccache compiling.release ./jchuff.c
[01%]: ccache compiling.release ./jcinit.c
[01%]: ccache compiling.release ./jcmainct.c
[01%]: ccache compiling.release ./jcmarker.c
[02%]: ccache compiling.release ./jcmaster.c
[02%]: ccache compiling.release ./jcomapi.c
[02%]: ccache compiling.release ./jcparam.c
[02%]: ccache compiling.release ./jcphuff.c
[02%]: ccache compiling.release ./jcprepct.c
[03%]: ccache compiling.release ./jcsample.c
[03%]: ccache compiling.release ./jctrans.c
[03%]: ccache compiling.release ./jdapimin.c
[03%]: ccache compiling.release ./jdapistd.c
[03%]: ccache compiling.release ./jdatadst.c
[04%]: ccache compiling.release ./jdatasrc.c
[04%]: ccache compiling.release ./jdcoefct.c
[04%]: ccache compiling.release ./jdcolor.c
[04%]: ccache compiling.release ./jddctmgr.c
[04%]: ccache compiling.release ./jdhuff.c
[05%]: ccache compiling.release ./jdinput.c
[05%]: ccache compiling.release ./jdmainct.c
[05%]: ccache compiling.release ./jdmarker.c
[05%]: ccache compiling.release ./jdmaster.c
[05%]: ccache compiling.release ./jdmerge.c
[06%]: ccache compiling.release ./jdphuff.c
[06%]: ccache compiling.release ./jdpostct.c
[06%]: ccache compiling.release ./jdsample.c
[06%]: ccache compiling.release ./jdtrans.c
[06%]: ccache compiling.release ./jerror.c
[07%]: ccache compiling.release ./jfdctflt.c
[07%]: ccache compiling.release ./jfdctfst.c
[07%]: ccache compiling.release ./jfdctint.c
[07%]: ccache compiling.release ./jidctflt.c
[07%]: ccache compiling.release ./jidctfst.c
[08%]: ccache compiling.release ./jidctint.c
[08%]: ccache compiling.release ./jidctred.c
[08%]: ccache compiling.release ./jmemansi.c
[08%]: ccache compiling.release ./jmemmgr.c
[08%]: ccache compiling.release ./jmemname.c
[09%]: ccache compiling.release ./jmemnobs.c
[09%]: ccache compiling.release ./jquant1.c
[09%]: ccache compiling.release ./jquant2.c
[09%]: ccache compiling.release ./jutils.c
[09%]: ccache compiling.release ./rdbmp.c
[10%]: ccache compiling.release ./rdcolmap.c
[10%]: ccache compiling.release ./rdgif.c
[10%]: ccache compiling.release ./rdppm.c
[10%]: ccache compiling.release ./rdrle.c
[10%]: ccache compiling.release ./rdswitch.c
[11%]: ccache compiling.release ./rdtarga.c
[11%]: ccache compiling.release ./transupp.c
[11%]: ccache compiling.release ./wrbmp.c
[11%]: ccache compiling.release ./wrgif.c
[11%]: ccache compiling.release ./wrppm.c
[12%]: ccache compiling.release ./wrrle.c
[12%]: ccache compiling.release ./wrtarga.c
[12%]: archiving.release libjpeg-6b.a
[12%]: ccache compiling.release ./wrjpgcom.c
[25%]: linking.release wrjpgcom
[25%]: ccache compiling.release ./ansi2knr.c
[37%]: linking.release ansi2knr
[37%]: ccache compiling.release ./jpegtran.c
[50%]: linking.release jpegtran
[50%]: ccache compiling.release ./djpeg.c
[62%]: linking.release djpeg
[62%]: ccache compiling.release ./ckconfig.c
[75%]: linking.release ckconfig
[75%]: ccache compiling.release ./rdjpgcom.c
[87%]: linking.release rdjpgcom
[87%]: ccache compiling.release ./cjpeg.c
[100%]: linking.release cjpeg
build ok!��
可以看到,處理靜態庫,xmake還分析出了很多可執行的測試程序,剩下的代碼統一編譯成一個 libjpeg.a 的靜態庫,供哪些測試程序鏈接使用。。
target(ansi2knr): binary
[+]: ./ansi2knr.c
target(cjpeg): binary
[+]: ./cjpeg.c
target(ckconfig): binary
[+]: ./ckconfig.c
target(djpeg): binary
[+]: ./djpeg.c
target(jpegtran): binary
[+]: ./jpegtran.c
target(rdjpgcom): binary
[+]: ./rdjpgcom.c
target(wrjpgcom): binary
[+]: ./wrjpgcom.c
遇到的一些問題和限制
當前xmake的這種自動分析檢測還不是非常智能,對於:
- 需要特殊的編譯選項
- 需要依賴其他目錄的頭文件搜索
- 需要分條件編譯不同源文件
- 同目錄需要生成多個靜態庫
- 需要多級目錄支持的源碼庫
以上這些情況,xmake暫時還沒發自動化的智能處理,其中限制1,2還是可以解決的,通過半手動的方式,例如:
$ xmake f --cxflags="" --ldflags="" --includedirs="" --linkdirs=""; xmake
在自動檢測編譯的時候,手動配置這個源碼工程需要的特殊編譯選項,就可以直接通過編譯了
而限制3,暫時只能通過刪源代碼來解決了,就像剛纔編譯jpeg的代碼,其實它的目錄下面同時存在了:
jmemdos.c
jmemmac.c
jmemansi.c
其中兩個是沒法編譯過的,需要刪掉後纔行。。
個人主頁:TBOOX開源工程