xmake新增智能代碼掃描編譯模式

最近給xmake增加了一個新特性,對於一份工程源碼,可以不用編寫makefile,也不用編寫各種make相關的工程描述文件(例如:xmake.lua,makefile.am, cmakelist.txt等)

xmake就可以直接編譯他們,這是如何做到的呢,簡單來說下實現原理:

  1. 首先掃描當前目錄下,xmake所以支持的所有源代碼文件
  2. 分析代碼,檢測哪些代碼擁有main入口函數
  3. 所有沒有main入口的代碼編譯成靜態庫
  4. 帶有main入口的代碼,編譯成可執行程序,同時鏈接其他靜態庫程序

這種代碼掃描和智能編譯,非常簡單,目前xmake還不支持多級目錄掃描,只對單級目錄的代碼進行掃描編譯。。

開源代碼的移植和編譯

雖然這種方式,並不是非常智能,限制也不少,但是對於想臨時寫些代碼進行編譯運行,或者臨時想交叉編譯一些簡單的開源庫代碼

這種方式已經足夠使用了,下面看下一個實際的例子:

我下載了一份zlib-1.2.10的源碼,想要編譯它,只需要進入zlib的源碼目錄執行:

$ cd zlib-1.2.10
$ xmake

就行了,輸出結果如下:

xmake.lua not found, scanning files ..
target(zlib-1.2): static
    [+]: ./adler32.c
    [+]: ./compress.c
    [+]: ./crc32.c
    [+]: ./deflate.c
    [+]: ./gzclose.c
    [+]: ./gzlib.c
    [+]: ./gzread.c
    [+]: ./gzwrite.c
    [+]: ./infback.c
    [+]: ./inffast.c
    [+]: ./inflate.c
    [+]: ./inftrees.c
    [+]: ./trees.c
    [+]: ./uncompr.c
    [+]: ./zutil.c
xmake.lua generated, scan ok!��
checking for the architecture ... x86_64
checking for the Xcode SDK version for macosx ... 10.12
checking for the target minimal version ... 10.12
checking for the c compiler (cc) ... xcrun -sdk macosx clang
checking for the c++ compiler (cxx) ... xcrun -sdk macosx clang
checking for the objc compiler (mm) ... xcrun -sdk macosx clang
checking for the objc++ compiler (mxx) ... xcrun -sdk macosx clang++
checking for the swift compiler (sc) ... xcrun -sdk macosx swiftc
checking for the assember (as) ... xcrun -sdk macosx clang
checking for the linker (ld) ... xcrun -sdk macosx clang++
checking for the static library archiver (ar) ... xcrun -sdk macosx ar
checking for the static library extractor (ex) ... xcrun -sdk macosx ar
checking for the shared library linker (sh) ... xcrun -sdk macosx clang++
checking for the debugger (dd) ... xcrun -sdk macosx lldb
checking for the golang compiler (go) ... go
configure
{
    ex = "xcrun -sdk macosx ar"
,   sh = "xcrun -sdk macosx clang++"
,   host = "macosx"
,   ar = "xcrun -sdk macosx ar"
,   buildir = "build"
,   as = "xcrun -sdk macosx clang"
,   plat = "macosx"
,   xcode_dir = "/Applications/Xcode.app"
,   arch = "x86_64"
,   mxx = "xcrun -sdk macosx clang++"
,   go = "go"
,   target_minver = "10.12"
,   ccache = "ccache"
,   mode = "release"
,   clean = true
,   cxx = "xcrun -sdk macosx clang"
,   cc = "xcrun -sdk macosx clang"
,   dd = "xcrun -sdk macosx lldb"
,   kind = "static"
,   ld = "xcrun -sdk macosx clang++"
,   xcode_sdkver = "10.12"
,   sc = "xcrun -sdk macosx swiftc"
,   mm = "xcrun -sdk macosx clang"
}
configure ok!
clean ok!
[00%]: ccache compiling.release ./adler32.c
[06%]: ccache compiling.release ./compress.c
[13%]: ccache compiling.release ./crc32.c
[20%]: ccache compiling.release ./deflate.c
[26%]: ccache compiling.release ./gzclose.c
[33%]: ccache compiling.release ./gzlib.c
[40%]: ccache compiling.release ./gzread.c
[46%]: ccache compiling.release ./gzwrite.c
[53%]: ccache compiling.release ./infback.c
[60%]: ccache compiling.release ./inffast.c
[66%]: ccache compiling.release ./inflate.c
[73%]: ccache compiling.release ./inftrees.c
[80%]: ccache compiling.release ./trees.c
[86%]: ccache compiling.release ./uncompr.c
[93%]: ccache compiling.release ./zutil.c
[100%]: archiving.release libzlib-1.2.a
build ok!��

通過輸出結果,可以看到,xmake會去檢測掃描當前目錄下的所有.c代碼,發現沒有main入口,應該是靜態庫程序,因此執行xmake後,就直接編譯成靜態庫libzlib-1.2.a了

連xmake.lua都沒有編寫,其實xmake在掃描完成後,會去自動在當前目錄下生成一份xmake.lua,下次編譯就不需要重新掃描檢測了。

自動生成的xmake.lua內容如下:

-- define target
target("zlib-1.2")

    -- set kind
    set_kind("static")

    -- add files
    add_files("./adler32.c")
    add_files("./compress.c")
    add_files("./crc32.c")
    add_files("./deflate.c")
    add_files("./gzclose.c")
    add_files("./gzlib.c")
    add_files("./gzread.c")
    add_files("./gzwrite.c")
    add_files("./infback.c")
    add_files("./inffast.c")
    add_files("./inflate.c")
    add_files("./inftrees.c")
    add_files("./trees.c")
    add_files("./uncompr.c")
    add_files("./zutil.c")

也許你會說,像這種開源庫,直接configure; make不就好了嗎,他們自己也有提供makefile來直接編譯的,的確是這樣,我這裏只是舉個例子而已。。

當然,很多開源庫在交叉編譯的時候,通過自帶的configure,處理起來還是很繁瑣的,用xmake進行交叉編譯會更方便些。。

即時地代碼編寫和編譯運行

xmake的這個掃描代碼編譯特性,主要的目的:還是爲了讓我們在臨時想寫些測試代碼的時候,不用考慮太多東西,直接上手敲代碼,然後快速執行xmake run 來調試驗證結果。。

例如:

我想寫了個簡單的main.c的測試程序,打印hello world!,如果要寫makefile或者直接通過gcc命令來,就很繁瑣了,你需要:

gcc ./main.c -o demo
./demo

最快速的方式,也需要執行兩行命令,而如果用xmake,只需要執行:

xmake run

就行了,它會自動檢測到代碼後,自動生成對應的xmake.lua,自動編譯,自動運行,然後輸出:

hello world!

如果你有十幾個代碼文件,用手敲gcc的方式,或者寫makefile的方式,這個差距就更明顯了,用xmake還是隻需要一行命令:

xmake run

多語言支持

這種代碼檢測和即時編譯,是支持多語言的,不僅支持c/c++,還支持objc/swift,後期還會支持golang(正在開發中)

例如我下載了一份fmdb的ios開源框架代碼:

.
├── FMDB.h
├── FMDatabase.h
├── FMDatabase.m
├── FMDatabaseAdditions.h
├── FMDatabaseAdditions.m
├── FMDatabasePool.h
├── FMDatabasePool.m
├── FMDatabaseQueue.h
├── FMDatabaseQueue.m
├── FMResultSet.h
└── FMResultSet.m

想要把它編譯成ios的靜態庫,但是又不想寫xmake.lua,或者makefile,那麼只需要使用xmake的這個新特性,直接執行:

$ xmake f -p iphoneos; xmake

就行了,輸出結果如下:

xmake.lua not found, scanning files ..
target(FMDB): static
    [+]: ./FMDatabase.m
    [+]: ./FMDatabaseAdditions.m
    [+]: ./FMDatabasePool.m
    [+]: ./FMDatabaseQueue.m
    [+]: ./FMResultSet.m
xmake.lua generated, scan ok!��
checking for the architecture ... armv7
checking for the Xcode SDK version for iphoneos ... 10.1
checking for the target minimal version ... 10.1
checking for the c compiler (cc) ... xcrun -sdk iphoneos clang
checking for the c++ compiler (cxx) ... xcrun -sdk iphoneos clang
checking for the objc compiler (mm) ... xcrun -sdk iphoneos clang
checking for the objc++ compiler (mxx) ... xcrun -sdk iphoneos clang++
checking for the assember (as) ... gas-preprocessor.pl xcrun -sdk iphoneos clang
checking for the linker (ld) ... xcrun -sdk iphoneos clang++
checking for the static library archiver (ar) ... xcrun -sdk iphoneos ar
checking for the static library extractor (ex) ... xcrun -sdk iphoneos ar
checking for the shared library linker (sh) ... xcrun -sdk iphoneos clang++
checking for the swift compiler (sc) ... xcrun -sdk iphoneos swiftc
configure
{
    ex = "xcrun -sdk iphoneos ar"
,   ccache = "ccache"
,   host = "macosx"
,   ar = "xcrun -sdk iphoneos ar"
,   buildir = "build"
,   as = "/usr/local/share/xmake/tools/utils/gas-preprocessor.pl xcrun -sdk iphoneos clang"
,   arch = "armv7"
,   mxx = "xcrun -sdk iphoneos clang++"
,   cxx = "xcrun -sdk iphoneos clang"
,   target_minver = "10.1"
,   xcode_dir = "/Applications/Xcode.app"
,   clean = true
,   sh = "xcrun -sdk iphoneos clang++"
,   cc = "xcrun -sdk iphoneos clang"
,   ld = "xcrun -sdk iphoneos clang++"
,   mode = "release"
,   kind = "static"
,   plat = "iphoneos"
,   xcode_sdkver = "10.1"
,   sc = "xcrun -sdk iphoneos swiftc"
,   mm = "xcrun -sdk iphoneos clang"
}
configure ok!
clean ok!
[00%]: ccache compiling.release ./FMDatabase.m
[20%]: ccache compiling.release ./FMDatabaseAdditions.m
[40%]: ccache compiling.release ./FMDatabasePool.m
[60%]: ccache compiling.release ./FMDatabaseQueue.m
[80%]: ccache compiling.release ./FMResultSet.m
[100%]: archiving.release libFMDB.a
build ok!��

同時編譯多個可執行文件

輸出結果的開頭部分,就是對代碼的分析結果,雖然目前只支持單級目錄結構的代碼掃描,但是還是可以同時支持檢測和編譯多個可執行文件的

我們以libjpeg的開源庫爲例:

我們進入jpeg-6b目錄後,執行:

$ xmake

輸出如下:

xmake.lua not found, scanning files ..
target(jpeg-6b): static
    [+]: ./cdjpeg.c
    [+]: ./example.c
    [+]: ./jcapimin.c
    [+]: ./jcapistd.c
    [+]: ./jccoefct.c
    [+]: ./jccolor.c
    [+]: ./jcdctmgr.c
    [+]: ./jchuff.c
    [+]: ./jcinit.c
    [+]: ./jcmainct.c
    [+]: ./jcmarker.c
    [+]: ./jcmaster.c
    [+]: ./jcomapi.c
    [+]: ./jcparam.c
    [+]: ./jcphuff.c
    [+]: ./jcprepct.c
    [+]: ./jcsample.c
    [+]: ./jctrans.c
    [+]: ./jdapimin.c
    [+]: ./jdapistd.c
    [+]: ./jdatadst.c
    [+]: ./jdatasrc.c
    [+]: ./jdcoefct.c
    [+]: ./jdcolor.c
    [+]: ./jddctmgr.c
    [+]: ./jdhuff.c
    [+]: ./jdinput.c
    [+]: ./jdmainct.c
    [+]: ./jdmarker.c
    [+]: ./jdmaster.c
    [+]: ./jdmerge.c
    [+]: ./jdphuff.c
    [+]: ./jdpostct.c
    [+]: ./jdsample.c
    [+]: ./jdtrans.c
    [+]: ./jerror.c
    [+]: ./jfdctflt.c
    [+]: ./jfdctfst.c
    [+]: ./jfdctint.c
    [+]: ./jidctflt.c
    [+]: ./jidctfst.c
    [+]: ./jidctint.c
    [+]: ./jidctred.c
    [+]: ./jmemansi.c
    [+]: ./jmemmgr.c
    [+]: ./jmemname.c
    [+]: ./jmemnobs.c
    [+]: ./jquant1.c
    [+]: ./jquant2.c
    [+]: ./jutils.c
    [+]: ./rdbmp.c
    [+]: ./rdcolmap.c
    [+]: ./rdgif.c
    [+]: ./rdppm.c
    [+]: ./rdrle.c
    [+]: ./rdswitch.c
    [+]: ./rdtarga.c
    [+]: ./transupp.c
    [+]: ./wrbmp.c
    [+]: ./wrgif.c
    [+]: ./wrppm.c
    [+]: ./wrrle.c
    [+]: ./wrtarga.c
target(ansi2knr): binary
    [+]: ./ansi2knr.c
target(cjpeg): binary
    [+]: ./cjpeg.c
target(ckconfig): binary
    [+]: ./ckconfig.c
target(djpeg): binary
    [+]: ./djpeg.c
target(jpegtran): binary
    [+]: ./jpegtran.c
target(rdjpgcom): binary
    [+]: ./rdjpgcom.c
target(wrjpgcom): binary
    [+]: ./wrjpgcom.c
xmake.lua generated, scan ok!��
checking for the architecture ... x86_64
checking for the Xcode SDK version for macosx ... 10.12
checking for the target minimal version ... 10.12
checking for the c compiler (cc) ... xcrun -sdk macosx clang
checking for the c++ compiler (cxx) ... xcrun -sdk macosx clang
checking for the objc compiler (mm) ... xcrun -sdk macosx clang
checking for the objc++ compiler (mxx) ... xcrun -sdk macosx clang++
checking for the swift compiler (sc) ... xcrun -sdk macosx swiftc
checking for the assember (as) ... xcrun -sdk macosx clang
checking for the linker (ld) ... xcrun -sdk macosx clang++
checking for the static library archiver (ar) ... xcrun -sdk macosx ar
checking for the static library extractor (ex) ... xcrun -sdk macosx ar
checking for the shared library linker (sh) ... xcrun -sdk macosx clang++
checking for the debugger (dd) ... xcrun -sdk macosx lldb
checking for the golang compiler (go) ... go
configure
{
    ex = "xcrun -sdk macosx ar"
,   sh = "xcrun -sdk macosx clang++"
,   host = "macosx"
,   ar = "xcrun -sdk macosx ar"
,   buildir = "build"
,   as = "xcrun -sdk macosx clang"
,   plat = "macosx"
,   xcode_dir = "/Applications/Xcode.app"
,   arch = "x86_64"
,   mxx = "xcrun -sdk macosx clang++"
,   go = "go"
,   target_minver = "10.12"
,   ccache = "ccache"
,   mode = "release"
,   clean = true
,   cxx = "xcrun -sdk macosx clang"
,   cc = "xcrun -sdk macosx clang"
,   dd = "xcrun -sdk macosx lldb"
,   kind = "static"
,   ld = "xcrun -sdk macosx clang++"
,   xcode_sdkver = "10.12"
,   sc = "xcrun -sdk macosx swiftc"
,   mm = "xcrun -sdk macosx clang"
}
configure ok!
clean ok!
[00%]: ccache compiling.release ./cdjpeg.c
[00%]: ccache compiling.release ./example.c
[00%]: ccache compiling.release ./jcapimin.c
[00%]: ccache compiling.release ./jcapistd.c
[00%]: ccache compiling.release ./jccoefct.c
[00%]: ccache compiling.release ./jccolor.c
[01%]: ccache compiling.release ./jcdctmgr.c
[01%]: ccache compiling.release ./jchuff.c
[01%]: ccache compiling.release ./jcinit.c
[01%]: ccache compiling.release ./jcmainct.c
[01%]: ccache compiling.release ./jcmarker.c
[02%]: ccache compiling.release ./jcmaster.c
[02%]: ccache compiling.release ./jcomapi.c
[02%]: ccache compiling.release ./jcparam.c
[02%]: ccache compiling.release ./jcphuff.c
[02%]: ccache compiling.release ./jcprepct.c
[03%]: ccache compiling.release ./jcsample.c
[03%]: ccache compiling.release ./jctrans.c
[03%]: ccache compiling.release ./jdapimin.c
[03%]: ccache compiling.release ./jdapistd.c
[03%]: ccache compiling.release ./jdatadst.c
[04%]: ccache compiling.release ./jdatasrc.c
[04%]: ccache compiling.release ./jdcoefct.c
[04%]: ccache compiling.release ./jdcolor.c
[04%]: ccache compiling.release ./jddctmgr.c
[04%]: ccache compiling.release ./jdhuff.c
[05%]: ccache compiling.release ./jdinput.c
[05%]: ccache compiling.release ./jdmainct.c
[05%]: ccache compiling.release ./jdmarker.c
[05%]: ccache compiling.release ./jdmaster.c
[05%]: ccache compiling.release ./jdmerge.c
[06%]: ccache compiling.release ./jdphuff.c
[06%]: ccache compiling.release ./jdpostct.c
[06%]: ccache compiling.release ./jdsample.c
[06%]: ccache compiling.release ./jdtrans.c
[06%]: ccache compiling.release ./jerror.c
[07%]: ccache compiling.release ./jfdctflt.c
[07%]: ccache compiling.release ./jfdctfst.c
[07%]: ccache compiling.release ./jfdctint.c
[07%]: ccache compiling.release ./jidctflt.c
[07%]: ccache compiling.release ./jidctfst.c
[08%]: ccache compiling.release ./jidctint.c
[08%]: ccache compiling.release ./jidctred.c
[08%]: ccache compiling.release ./jmemansi.c
[08%]: ccache compiling.release ./jmemmgr.c
[08%]: ccache compiling.release ./jmemname.c
[09%]: ccache compiling.release ./jmemnobs.c
[09%]: ccache compiling.release ./jquant1.c
[09%]: ccache compiling.release ./jquant2.c
[09%]: ccache compiling.release ./jutils.c
[09%]: ccache compiling.release ./rdbmp.c
[10%]: ccache compiling.release ./rdcolmap.c
[10%]: ccache compiling.release ./rdgif.c
[10%]: ccache compiling.release ./rdppm.c
[10%]: ccache compiling.release ./rdrle.c
[10%]: ccache compiling.release ./rdswitch.c
[11%]: ccache compiling.release ./rdtarga.c
[11%]: ccache compiling.release ./transupp.c
[11%]: ccache compiling.release ./wrbmp.c
[11%]: ccache compiling.release ./wrgif.c
[11%]: ccache compiling.release ./wrppm.c
[12%]: ccache compiling.release ./wrrle.c
[12%]: ccache compiling.release ./wrtarga.c
[12%]: archiving.release libjpeg-6b.a
[12%]: ccache compiling.release ./wrjpgcom.c
[25%]: linking.release wrjpgcom
[25%]: ccache compiling.release ./ansi2knr.c
[37%]: linking.release ansi2knr
[37%]: ccache compiling.release ./jpegtran.c
[50%]: linking.release jpegtran
[50%]: ccache compiling.release ./djpeg.c
[62%]: linking.release djpeg
[62%]: ccache compiling.release ./ckconfig.c
[75%]: linking.release ckconfig
[75%]: ccache compiling.release ./rdjpgcom.c
[87%]: linking.release rdjpgcom
[87%]: ccache compiling.release ./cjpeg.c
[100%]: linking.release cjpeg
build ok!��

可以看到,處理靜態庫,xmake還分析出了很多可執行的測試程序,剩下的代碼統一編譯成一個 libjpeg.a 的靜態庫,供哪些測試程序鏈接使用。。

target(ansi2knr): binary
    [+]: ./ansi2knr.c
target(cjpeg): binary
    [+]: ./cjpeg.c
target(ckconfig): binary
    [+]: ./ckconfig.c
target(djpeg): binary
    [+]: ./djpeg.c
target(jpegtran): binary
    [+]: ./jpegtran.c
target(rdjpgcom): binary
    [+]: ./rdjpgcom.c
target(wrjpgcom): binary
    [+]: ./wrjpgcom.c

遇到的一些問題和限制

當前xmake的這種自動分析檢測還不是非常智能,對於:

  1. 需要特殊的編譯選項
  2. 需要依賴其他目錄的頭文件搜索
  3. 需要分條件編譯不同源文件
  4. 同目錄需要生成多個靜態庫
  5. 需要多級目錄支持的源碼庫

以上這些情況,xmake暫時還沒發自動化的智能處理,其中限制1,2還是可以解決的,通過半手動的方式,例如:

$ xmake f --cxflags="" --ldflags="" --includedirs="" --linkdirs=""; xmake

在自動檢測編譯的時候,手動配置這個源碼工程需要的特殊編譯選項,就可以直接通過編譯了

而限制3,暫時只能通過刪源代碼來解決了,就像剛纔編譯jpeg的代碼,其實它的目錄下面同時存在了:

jmemdos.c
jmemmac.c
jmemansi.c

其中兩個是沒法編譯過的,需要刪掉後纔行。。


個人主頁:TBOOX開源工程

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