1-ipv6服務器之-dhcpv6(isc-dhcp)

Ubuntu搭建dhcpv6服務器來分配IP給路由器/電腦，比較常用的就是isc-dhcp(Internet Systems Consortium)

1. 安裝isc-dhcp服務器

isc的官網：http://www.isc.org/software/dhcp/

上去找到最新的版本，如dhcp-4.2.1.tar.gz，下載後在 Ubuntu上編譯安裝。

命令如下：

先解壓dhcp-4.2.1.tar.gz ，命令tar -xzf dhcp-4.2.1.tar.gz
然後進到該目錄下，執行下列的命令：
#  ./configure
# make
# sudo make install

2. 配置isc-dhcp服務器參數

安裝完後，建一個文件/etc/dhcp/dhcpd6.conf,添加配置內容

default-lease-time 600;
max-lease-time 7200;
log-facility local7;
subnet6 2001:db8:0:1::/64 {
        # Range for clients
        range6 2001:db8:0:1::129 2001:db8:0:1::254;

        # Range for clients requesting a temporary address
        range6 2001:db8:0:1::/64 temporary;

        # Additional options
        option dhcp6.name-servers fec0:0:0:1::1;
        option dhcp6.domain-search "domain.example";

        # Prefix range for delegation to sub-routers
        prefix6 2001:db8:0:100:: 2001:db8:0:f00:: /56;

        # Example for a fixed host address
        host specialclient {
                host-identifier option dhcp6.client-id 00:01:00:01:4a:1f:ba:e3:60:b9:1f:01:23:45;
                fixed-address6 2001:db8:0:1::127;
        }
}

配置裏面的參數都有各自的含義

然後在 /var/db下添加一個空文件dhcpd6.leases

sudo touch /var/db/dhcpd6.leases

查看網卡的信息爲eth0

linye@ubuntu:/$ ifconfig
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0c:29:75:a2:91
          inet addr:192.168.62.128  Bcast:192.168.62.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe75:a291/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:23242 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:22975 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:1847101 (1.8 MB)  TX bytes:51394431 (51.3 MB)

3. 啓動、停止

在運行 ISC-DHCP之前，你需要把eth0接口地址設置成上面subnet6網段2001:db8:0:1::/64的信息，這樣纔可以分配地址給下面的設備，如下：

sudo ifconfig eth0 add 2001:db8:0:1::1/64

linye@ubuntu:/$ ifconfig
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0c:29:75:a2:91
          inet addr:192.168.62.128  Bcast:192.168.62.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe75:a291/64 Scope:Link
          inet6 addr: 2001:db8:0:1::1/64 Scope:Global
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:23347 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:23004 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:1854962 (1.8 MB)  TX bytes:51398868 (51.3 MB)

然後啓動dhcpv6服務器：

linye@ubuntu:/$ sudo dhcpd -6 -cf /etc/dhcp/dhcpd6.conf  eth0

Internet Systems Consortium DHCP Server 4.4.2
Copyright 2004-2020 Internet Systems Consortium.
All rights reserved.
For info, please visit https://www.isc.org/software/dhcp/
WARNING: Host declarations are global.  They are not limited to the scope you declared them in.
Config file: /etc/dhcp/dhcpd6.conf
Database file: /var/db/dhcpd6.leases
PID file: /var/run/dhcpd6.pid
Wrote 0 deleted host decls to leases file.
Wrote 0 new dynamic host decls to leases file.
Wrote 1 NA, 0 TA, 0 PD leases to lease file.
Bound to *:547
Listening on Socket/6/eth0/2001:db8:0:1::/64
Sending on   Socket/6/eth0/2001:db8:0:1::/64

linye@ubuntu:/$ ps -aux| grep dhcp
root       4649  0.4  0.1  12540  4504 ?        Ss   17:54   0:00 dhcpd -6 -cf /etc/dhcp/dhcpd6.conf eth0
linye      4651  0.0  0.0  15944   932 pts/0    S+   17:54   0:00 grep --color=auto dhcp

停止的話需要手動kill這個進程

killall dhcpd

將ubuntu服務器的eth0網口接到另一臺電腦，查看是否獲取到正常的IPv6地址

如果不行看下防火牆的狀態，如果是開啓的則關閉下：

linye@ubuntu:/$ sudo ufw disable
linye@ubuntu:/$ sudo ufw status
Status: inactive

當有設備從服務器獲取到ipv6地址後，可以在/var/db/dhcpd6.leases下查看到設備信息