子类继承父类,必须声明父类的构造函数

class Entity():
    def __init__(self, object_type):
        print('parent class init called')
        self.object_type = object_type
    
    def get_context_length(self):
        raise Exception('get_context_length not implemented')
    
    def print_title(self):
        print(self.title)

class Document(Entity):
    def __init__(self, title, author, context):
        print('Document class init called')
        Entity.__init__(self, 'document')
        self.title = title
        self.author = author
        self.__context = context
    
    def get_context_length(self):
        return len(self.__context)
    
class Video(Entity):
    def __init__(self, title, author, video_length):
        print('Video class init called')
        Entity.__init__(self, 'video')
        self.title = title
        self.author = author
        self.__video_length = video_length
    
    def get_context_length(self):
        return self.__video_length

首先需要注意的是构造函数。每个类都有构造函数，继承类在生成对象的时候，是不会自动调用父类的构造函数的，

因此你必须在 init() 函数中显式调用父类的构造函数。

它们的执行顺序是 子类的构造函数 -> 父类的构造函数。