pyquery
一、初始化
1、字符串初始化
html = '''
<div>
<ul>
<li class="item-0">first item</li>
<li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
<li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
<li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
<li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
'''
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
doc = pq(html)
print(doc('li'))
<li class="item-0">first item</li>
<li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
<li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
<li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
<li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
2、URL初始化
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
doc = pq(url='http://www.baidu.com')
print(doc('head'))
<head><meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"/><meta content="always" name="referrer"/><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="http://s1.bdstatic.com/r/www/cache/bdorz/baidu.min.css"/><title>ç™¾åº¦ä¸€ä¸‹ï¼Œä½ å°±çŸ¥é“</title></head>
3、文件初始化
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
doc = pq(filename='demo.html')
print(doc('li'))
<li class="item-0">first item</li>
<li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
<li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
<li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
<li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
二、基本CSS選擇器
html = '''
<div id="container">
<ul class="list">
<li class="item-0">first item</li>
<li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
<li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
<li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
<li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
'''
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
doc = pq(html)
print(doc('#container .list li'))
<li class="item-0">first item</li>
<li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
<li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
<li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
<li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
三、查找元素
1、子元素
獲取子元素
html = '''
<div id="container">
<ul class="list">
<li class="item-0">first item</li>
<li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
<li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
<li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
<li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
'''
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
doc = pq(html)
items = doc('.list')
print(type(items))
print(items)
lis = items.find('li')
print(type(lis))
print(lis)
<class 'pyquery.pyquery.PyQuery'>
<ul class="list">
<li class="item-0">first item</li>
<li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
<li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
<li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
<li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
</ul>
<class 'pyquery.pyquery.PyQuery'>
<li class="item-0">first item</li>
<li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
<li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
<li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
<li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
獲取所有子節點
lis = items.children()
print(type(lis))
print(lis)
<class 'pyquery.pyquery.PyQuery'>
<li class="item-0">first item</li>
<li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
<li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
<li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
<li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
可以傳入css選擇器
lis = items.children('.active')
print(lis)
<li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
<li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
2、父元素
獲取直接父元素
html = '''
<div id="container">
<ul class="list">
<li class="item-0">first item</li>
<li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
<li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
<li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
<li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
'''
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
doc = pq(html)
items = doc('.list')
container = items.parent()
print(type(container))
print(container)
<class 'pyquery.pyquery.PyQuery'>
<div id="container">
<ul class="list">
<li class="item-0">first item</li>
<li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
<li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
<li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
<li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
獲取祖先節點
html = '''
<div class="wrap">
<div id="container">
<ul class="list">
<li class="item-0">first item</li>
<li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
<li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
<li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
<li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
'''
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
doc = pq(html)
items = doc('.list')
parents = items.parents()
print(type(parents))
print(parents)
<class 'pyquery.pyquery.PyQuery'>
<div class="wrap">
<div id="container">
<ul class="list">
<li class="item-0">first item</li>
<li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
<li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
<li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
<li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div><div id="container">
<ul class="list">
<li class="item-0">first item</li>
<li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
<li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
<li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
<li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
parent = items.parents('.wrap')
print(parent)
<div class="wrap">
<div id="container">
<ul class="list">
<li class="item-0">first item</li>
<li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
<li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
<li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
<li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
3、兄弟元素
html = '''
<div class="wrap">
<div id="container">
<ul class="list">
<li class="item-0">first item</li>
<li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
<li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
<li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
<li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
'''
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
doc = pq(html)
li = doc('.list .item-0.active')
print(li.siblings())
<li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
<li class="item-0">first item</li>
<li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
<li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
html = '''
<div class="wrap">
<div id="container">
<ul class="list">
<li class="item-0">first item</li>
<li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
<li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
<li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
<li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
'''
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
doc = pq(html)
li = doc('.list .item-0.active')
print(li.siblings('.active'))
<li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
四、遍歷
1、單個元素
html = '''
<div class="wrap">
<div id="container">
<ul class="list">
<li class="item-0">first item</li>
<li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
<li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
<li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
<li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
'''
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
doc = pq(html)
li = doc('.item-0.active')
print(li)
<li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
2、多個元素
html = '''
<div class="wrap">
<div id="container">
<ul class="list">
<li class="item-0">first item</li>
<li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
<li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
<li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
<li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
'''
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
doc = pq(html)
lis = doc('li').items()
print(type(lis))
for li in lis:
print(li)
<class 'generator'>
<li class="item-0">first item</li>
<li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
<li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
<li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
<li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
五、獲取信息
1、獲取屬性
html = '''
<div class="wrap">
<div id="container">
<ul class="list">
<li class="item-0">first item</li>
<li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
<li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
<li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
<li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
'''
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
doc = pq(html)
a = doc('.item-0.active a')
print(a)
print(a.attr('href'))
print(a.attr.href)
<a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a>
link3.html
link3.html
2、獲取文本
html = '''
<div class="wrap">
<div id="container">
<ul class="list">
<li class="item-0">first item</li>
<li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
<li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
<li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
<li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
'''
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
doc = pq(html)
a = doc('.item-0.active a')
print(a)
print(a.text())
<a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a>
third item
3、獲取HTML
html = '''
<div class="wrap">
<div id="container">
<ul class="list">
<li class="item-0">first item</li>
<li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
<li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
<li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
<li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
'''
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
doc = pq(html)
li = doc('.item-0.active')
print(li)
print(li.html())
<li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
<a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a>
六、DOM操作
1、addClass、removeClass
html = '''
<div class="wrap">
<div id="container">
<ul class="list">
<li class="item-0">first item</li>
<li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
<li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
<li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
<li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
'''
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
doc = pq(html)
li = doc('.item-0.active')
print(li)
li.removeClass('active')
print(li)
li.addClass('active')
print(li)
<li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
<li class="item-0"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
<li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
2、attr、css
html = '''
<div class="wrap">
<div id="container">
<ul class="list">
<li class="item-0">first item</li>
<li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
<li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
<li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
<li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
'''
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
doc = pq(html)
li = doc('.item-0.active')
print(li)
li.attr('name', 'link')
print(li)
li.css('font-size', '14px')
print(li)
<li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
<li class="item-0 active" name="link"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
<li class="item-0 active" name="link" style="font-size: 14px"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
3、remove
html = '''
<div class="wrap">
Hello, World
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
</div>
'''
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
doc = pq(html)
wrap = doc('.wrap')
print(wrap.text())
wrap.find('p').remove()
print(wrap.text())
Hello, World This is a paragraph.
Hello, World
4、其他DOM方法
http://pyquery.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api.html
七、僞類選擇器
html = '''
<div class="wrap">
<div id="container">
<ul class="list">
<li class="item-0">first item</li>
<li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
<li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
<li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
<li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
'''
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
doc = pq(html)
li = doc('li:first-child')
print(li)
li = doc('li:last-child')
print(li)
li = doc('li:nth-child(2)')
print(li)
li = doc('li:gt(2)')
print(li)
li = doc('li:nth-child(2n)')
print(li)
li = doc('li:contains(second)')
print(li)
<li class="item-0">first item</li>
<li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
<li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
<li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
<li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
<li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
<li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
<li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
更多CSS選擇器可以查看
http://www.w3school.com.cn/css/index.asp
| 選擇器 | 例子 | 例子描述 | CSS |
|---|---|---|---|
| .class | .intro | 選擇 class=“intro” 的所有元素。 | 1 |
| #id | #firstname | 選擇 id=“firstname” 的所有元素。 | 1 |
| * | * | 選擇所有元素。 | 2 |
| element | p | 選擇所有 元素。 |
1 |
| element,element | div,p | 選擇所有 元素和所有 元素。 |
1 |
| element element | div p | 選擇 元素內部的所有 元素。 |
1 |
| element>element | div>p | 選擇父元素爲 元素的所有 元素。 |
2 |
| element+element | div+p | 選擇緊接在 元素之後的所有 元素。 |
2 |
| [attribute] | [target] | 選擇帶有 target 屬性所有元素。 | 2 |
| [attribute=value] | [target=_blank] | 選擇 target="_blank" 的所有元素。 | 2 |
| [attribute~=value] | [title~=flower] | 選擇 title 屬性包含單詞 “flower” 的所有元素。 | 2 |
| [attribute|=value] | [lang|=en] | 選擇 lang 屬性值以 “en” 開頭的所有元素。 | 2 |
| :link | a:link | 選擇所有未被訪問的鏈接。 | 1 |
| :visited | a:visited | 選擇所有已被訪問的鏈接。 | 1 |
| :active | a:active | 選擇活動鏈接。 | 1 |
| :hover | a:hover | 選擇鼠標指針位於其上的鏈接。 | 1 |
| :focus | input:focus | 選擇獲得焦點的 input 元素。 | 2 |
| :first-letter | p:first-letter | 選擇每個 元素的首字母。 |
1 |
| :first-line | p:first-line | 選擇每個 元素的首行。 |
1 |
| :first-child | p:first-child | 選擇屬於父元素的第一個子元素的每個 元素。 |
2 |
| :before | p:before | 在每個 元素的內容之前插入內容。 |
2 |
| :after | p:after | 在每個 元素的內容之後插入內容。 |
2 |
| :lang(language) | p:lang(it) | 選擇帶有以 “it” 開頭的 lang 屬性值的每個 元素。 |
2 |
| element1~element2 | p~ul | 選擇前面有 元素的每個
|
3 |
| [attribute^=value] | a[src^=“https”] | 選擇其 src 屬性值以 “https” 開頭的每個 元素。 | 3 |
| [attribute$=value] | a[src$=".pdf"] | 選擇其 src 屬性以 “.pdf” 結尾的所有 元素。 | 3 |
| [attribute*=value] | a[src*=“abc”] | 選擇其 src 屬性中包含 “abc” 子串的每個 元素。 | 3 |
| :first-of-type | p:first-of-type | 選擇屬於其父元素的首個 元素的每個 元素。 |
3 |
| :last-of-type | p:last-of-type | 選擇屬於其父元素的最後 元素的每個 元素。 |
3 |
| :only-of-type | p:only-of-type | 選擇屬於其父元素唯一的 元素的每個 元素。 |
3 |
| :only-child | p:only-child | 選擇屬於其父元素的唯一子元素的每個 元素。 |
3 |
| :nth-child(n) | p:nth-child(2) | 選擇屬於其父元素的第二個子元素的每個 元素。 |
3 |
| :nth-last-child(n) | p:nth-last-child(2) | 同上，從最後一個子元素開始計數。 | 3 |
| :nth-of-type(n) | p:nth-of-type(2) | 選擇屬於其父元素第二個 元素的每個 元素。 |
3 |
| :nth-last-of-type(n) | p:nth-last-of-type(2) | 同上，但是從最後一個子元素開始計數。 | 3 |
| :last-child | p:last-child | 選擇屬於其父元素最後一個子元素每個 元素。 |
3 |
| :root | :root | 選擇文檔的根元素。 | 3 |
| :empty | p:empty | 選擇沒有子元素的每個 元素（包括文本節點）。 |
3 |
| :target | #news:target | 選擇當前活動的 #news 元素。 | 3 |
| :enabled | input:enabled | 選擇每個啓用的 元素。 | 3 |
| :disabled | input:disabled | 選擇每個禁用的 元素 | 3 |
| :checked | input:checked | 選擇每個被選中的 元素。 | 3 |
| :not(selector) | :not§ | 選擇非 元素的每個元素。 |
3 |
| ::selection | ::selection | 選擇被用戶選取的元素部分。 | 3 |