什么是享元模式
享元模式为运用共享技术有效的支持大量细粒度的对象。因为它可以通过共享大幅度地减少单个实例的数目,避免了大量非常相似类的开销。
享元模式是一个类别的多个对象共享这个类别的一个对象,而不是各自再实例化各自的对象。这样就达到了节省内存的目的。
实现享元模式
// Instances of CoffeeFlavour will be the Flyweights
class CoffeeFlavour {
private final String name;
CoffeeFlavour(String newFlavor) {
this.name = newFlavor;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return name;
}
}
// Menu acts as a factory and cache for CoffeeFlavour flyweight objects
class Menu {
private Map<String, CoffeeFlavour> flavours = new ConcurrentHashMap<String, CoffeeFlavour>();
CoffeeFlavour lookup(String flavorName) {
if (!flavours.containsKey(flavorName))
flavours.put(flavorName, new CoffeeFlavour(flavorName));
return flavours.get(flavorName);
}
int totalCoffeeFlavoursMade() {
return flavours.size();
}
}
class Order {
private final int tableNumber;
private final CoffeeFlavour flavour;
Order(int tableNumber, CoffeeFlavour flavor) {
this.tableNumber = tableNumber;
this.flavour = flavor;
}
void serve() {
System.out.println("Serving " + flavour + " to table " + tableNumber);
}
}
public class CoffeeShop {
private final List<Order> orders = new Vector<Order>();
private final Menu menu = new Menu();
void takeOrder(String flavourName, int table) {
CoffeeFlavour flavour = menu.lookup(flavourName);
Order order = new Order(table, flavour);
orders.add(order);
}
void service() {
for (Order order : orders)
order.serve();
}
String report() {
return "\ntotal CoffeeFlavour objects made: "
+ menu.totalCoffeeFlavoursMade();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
CoffeeShop shop = new CoffeeShop();
shop.takeOrder("Cappuccino", 2);
shop.takeOrder("Frappe", 1);
shop.takeOrder("Espresso", 1);
shop.takeOrder("Frappe", 897);
shop.takeOrder("Cappuccino", 97);
shop.takeOrder("Frappe", 3);
shop.takeOrder("Espresso", 3);
shop.takeOrder("Cappuccino", 3);
shop.takeOrder("Espresso", 96);
shop.takeOrder("Frappe", 552);
shop.takeOrder("Cappuccino", 121);
shop.takeOrder("Espresso", 121);
shop.service();
System.out.println(shop.report());
}
}