JavaWeb讀取配置文件的四種方法

方式一:採用ServletContext讀取

獲取配置文件的realpath,然後通過文件流讀取出來或者通過方法getReasurceAsStream()。

因爲是用ServletContext讀取文件路徑,所以配置文件可以放入在WEB-INF的classes目錄中,也可以在應用層級及WEB-INF的目錄中。文件存放位置具體在eclipse工程中的表現是:可以放在src下面,也可放在WEB-INF及Web-Root下面等。因爲是讀取出路徑後,用文件流進行讀取的,所以可以讀取任意的配置文件包括xml和properties。缺點:不能在servlet外面應用讀取配置信息。

1.首先創建一個動態的javaweb項目,項目目錄如下:
在這裏插入圖片描述

2.創建一個servlet(FileReader.java)

package com.xia.fileReader; 
import java.io.FileInputStream; 
import java.io.IOException; 
import java.io.InputStream; 
import java.io.InputStreamReader; 
import java.text.MessageFormat; 
import java.util.Properties; 
import javax.servlet.ServletException; 
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; 
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; 
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; 
public class FileReader extends HttpServlet { 
 private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; 
 protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { 
     /** 
     * response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");目的是控制瀏覽器用UTF-8進行解碼; 
     * 這樣就不會出現中文亂碼了 
     */ 
     response.setHeader("content-type","text/html;charset=UTF-8"); 
     readSrcDirPropCfgFile(response);//讀取src目錄下的db1.properties配置文件 
     response.getWriter().println("<hr/>"); 
     readWebRootDirPropCfgFile(response);//讀取WebRoot目錄下的db2.properties配置文件 
     response.getWriter().println("<hr/>"); 
     readSrcSourcePackPropCfgFile(response);//讀取src目錄下的config目錄中的db3.properties配置文件 
     response.getWriter().println("<hr/>"); 
     readWEBINFPropCfgFile(response);//讀取WEB-INF目錄下的JDBC目錄中的db4.properties配置文件 
 } 
 public void readSrcDirPropCfgFile(HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException { 
     String path = "/WEB-INF/classes/db1.properties"; 
     InputStream in = this.getServletContext().getResourceAsStream(path); 
     Properties props = new Properties(); 
     props.load(in); 
     String driver = props.getProperty("jdbc.driver"); 
     String url = props.getProperty("jdbc.url"); 
     String username = props.getProperty("jdbc.username"); 
     String password = props.getProperty("jdbc.password"); 
     response.getWriter().println("讀取src目錄下的db1.properties配置文件"); 
     response.getWriter().println(MessageFormat.format( "driver={0},url={1},username={2},password={3}",driver,url, username, password)); 
 } 
 public void readWebRootDirPropCfgFile(HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException{ 
     String path = "/db2.properties"; 
     InputStream in = this.getServletContext().getResourceAsStream(path); 
     Properties props = new Properties(); 
     props.load(in); 
     String driver = props.getProperty("jdbc.driver"); 
     String url = props.getProperty("jdbc.url"); 
     String username = props.getProperty("jdbc.username"); 
     String password = props.getProperty("jdbc.password"); 
     response.getWriter().println("讀取WebRoot目錄下的db2.properties配置文件"); 
     response.getWriter().println(MessageFormat.format( "driver={0},url={1},username={2},password={3}",driver,url, username, password)); 
 } 
 public void readSrcSourcePackPropCfgFile(HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException { 
     String path = "/WEB-INF/classes/config/db3.properties"; 
     String realPath = this.getServletContext().getRealPath(path); 
     InputStreamReader reader = new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream(realPath),"UTF-8"); 
     Properties props = new Properties(); 
     props.load(reader); 
     String driver = props.getProperty("jdbc.driver"); 
     String url = props.getProperty("jdbc.url"); 
     String username = props.getProperty("jdbc.username"); 
     String password = props.getProperty("jdbc.password"); 
     response.getWriter().println("讀取src目錄下的config目錄中的db3.properties配置文件"); 
     response.getWriter().println(MessageFormat.format( "driver={0},url={1},username={2},password={3}", driver,url, username, password)); 
 } 
 public void readWEBINFPropCfgFile(HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException { 
     String path = "/WEB-INF/JDBC/db4.properties"; 
     String realPath = this.getServletContext().getRealPath(path); 
     System.out.println("realPath:"+realPath); 
     System.out.println("contextPath:"+this.getServletContext().getContextPath()); 
     InputStreamReader reader = new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream(realPath),"UTF-8"); 
     Properties props = new Properties(); 
     props.load(reader); 
     String driver = props.getProperty("jdbc.driver"); 
     String url = props.getProperty("jdbc.url"); 
     String username = props.getProperty("jdbc.username"); 
     String password = props.getProperty("jdbc.password"); 
     response.getWriter().println("讀取WEB-INF目錄下的JDBC目錄中的db4.properties配置文件"); 
     response.getWriter().println(MessageFormat.format( "driver={0},url={1},username={2},password={3}", driver,url, username, password)); 
 } 
 protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { 
 } 
} 

3.配置servlet(web.xml)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0"> 
 <display-name>javaReaderFile</display-name> 
 <welcome-file-list> 
 	<welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
 </welcome-file-list> 
 <servlet> 
     <servlet-name>FileReader</servlet-name> 
     <servlet-class>com.xia.fileReader.FileReader</servlet-class> 
 </servlet> 
 <servlet-mapping> 
     <servlet-name>FileReader</servlet-name> 
     <url-pattern>/FileReader</url-pattern> 
 </servlet-mapping> 
</web-app> 

4.測試
在這裏插入圖片描述

方式二:採用ResourceBundle類讀取配置信息

優點是:可以以完全限定類名的方式加載資源後,直接的讀取出來,且可以在非Web應用中讀取資源文件。

缺點:只能加載類src下面的資源文件且只能讀取.properties文件。

/** 
 * 獲取指定配置文件中所有的數據 
 * @param propertyName 
 * 調用方式: 
 * 1.配置文件放在resource源包下,不用加後綴 
 * PropertiesUtil.getAllMessage("message"); 
 * 2.放在包裏面的 
 * PropertiesUtil.getAllMessage("com.test.message"); 
 * @return 
 */ 
public static List<String> getAllMessage(String propertyName) { 
     // 獲得資源包 
     ResourceBundle rb = ResourceBundle.getBundle(propertyName.trim()); 
     // 通過資源包拿到所有的key 
     Enumeration<String> allKey = rb.getKeys(); 
     // 遍歷key 得到 value 
     List<String> valList = new ArrayList<String>(); 
     while (allKey.hasMoreElements()) { 
         String key = allKey.nextElement(); 
         String value = (String) rb.getString(key); 
         valList.add(value); 
     } 
     return valList; 
} 

方式三:採用ClassLoader方式進行讀取配置信息

優點是:可以在非Web應用中讀取配置資源信息,可以讀取任意的資源文件信息

缺點:只能加載類src下面的資源文件,不適合裝載大文件,否則會導致jvm內存溢出

package com.xia.fileReader; 
import java.io.BufferedReader; 
import java.io.IOException; 
import java.io.InputStream; 
import java.io.InputStreamReader; 
import java.util.Properties; 
public class ReadByClassLoader { 
     public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { 
     	readPropFileByClassLoad(); 
     } 
     public static void readPropFileByClassLoad() throws IOException{ 
         //讀取src下面config包內的配置文件db3.properties 
         InputStream in = ReadByClassLoader.class.getClassLoader()
             .getResourceAsStream("config/db3.properties"); 
         BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in)); 
         Properties props = new Properties(); 
         props.load(br); 
         for(Object s: props.keySet()){ 
         	System.out.println(s+":"+props.getProperty(s.toString())); 
         } 
     } 
} 

方式四: PropertiesLoaderUtils工具類

/** 
 * Spring 提供的 PropertiesLoaderUtils 允許您直接通過基於類路徑的文件地址加載屬性資源 
 * 最大的好處就是:實時加載配置文件,修改後立即生效,不必重啓 
 */ 
private static void springUtil(){ 
     Properties props = new Properties(); 
     while(true){ 
         try { 
             props=PropertiesLoaderUtils.loadAllProperties("message.properties"); 
             for(Object key:props.keySet()){ 
             System.out.print(key+":"); 
             System.out.println(props.get(key)); 
         } 
         } catch (IOException e) { 
         	System.out.println(e.getMessage()); 
         } 
         try {Thread.sleep(5000);} catch (InterruptedException e) {e.printStackTrace();} 
     } 
} 

修改Properties

/** 
 * 傳遞鍵值對的Map,更新properties文件 
 * 
 * @param fileName 
 * 文件名(放在resource源包目錄下),需要後綴 
 * @param keyValueMap 
 * 鍵值對Map 
 */ 
 public static void updateProperties(String fileName,Map<String, String> keyValueMap) { 
     //getResource方法使用了utf-8對路徑信息進行了編碼,當路徑中存在中文和空格時,他會對這些字符進行轉換,這樣, 
     //得到的往往不是我們想要的真實路徑,在此,調用了URLDecoder的decode方法進行解碼,以便得到原始的中文及空格路徑。 
     String filePath = PropertiesUtil.class.getClassLoader().getResource(fileName).getFile(); 
     Properties props = null; 
     BufferedWriter bw = null; 
     try { 
         filePath = URLDecoder.decode(filePath,"utf-8"); 
         log.debug("updateProperties propertiesPath:" + filePath); 
         props = PropertiesLoaderUtils.loadProperties(new ClassPathResource(fileName)); 
         log.debug("updateProperties old:"+props); 
         // 寫入屬性文件 
         bw = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream(filePath))); 
         props.clear();// 清空舊的文件 
         for (String key : keyValueMap.keySet()) 
         props.setProperty(key, keyValueMap.get(key)); 
         log.debug("updateProperties new:"+props); 
         props.store(bw, ""); 
     } catch (IOException e) { 
     	log.error(e.getMessage()); 
     } finally { 
         try { 
         	bw.close(); 
         } catch (IOException e) { 
         	e.printStackTrace(); 
         } 
     } 
 } 

案例:Web環境讀取屬性文件

在這裏插入圖片描述

package util;

import java.io.InputStream;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.Properties;

import javax.sql.DataSource;

import com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSourceFactory;

public class DruidUtil {

	private static Properties prop = new Properties();
	private static DataSource dataSource;
	
	static {
		InputStream in = DruidUtil.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("jdbc.properties");
		try {
			prop.load(in);
			dataSource = DruidDataSourceFactory.createDataSource(prop);
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}

	public static DataSource getDataSource() {
		return dataSource;
	}
	
	public static Connection getConnection() {
		Connection conn = null;
		try {
			conn =  dataSource.getConnection();
		} catch (SQLException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		return conn;
	}
}
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