一、測試環境
筆記本操作系統: win10 8G內存
虛擬機: vmware 12.5.2
虛擬機操作系統(宿主機): centos7
docker版本: 1.13.1
mysql版本: 5.5
二、安裝docker、拉取mysql鏡像、使用鏡像創建mysql容器
1.在windows上安裝vmware和linux操作系統
以前模擬多臺服務器時,我一般會在虛擬機中開多個centos系統,那樣的話,不但筆記本卡的要命,而且需要自己安裝各種環境和服務,特別麻煩。現在藉助docker,可以直接拉取遠程的鏡像,還可以耗用極少的資源創建多臺服務器(容器),同時,docker容器可以實現秒級啓動,極大的方便了我們的測試
2.安裝docker
$ yum install -y docker
修改鏡像地址,編輯/etc/docker/daemon.json
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://uulfe4bd.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
啓動docker
$ systemctl start docker //centos7及以後版本
$ service docker start //centos6及之前的版本
3.拉取mysql鏡像
mysql版本 5.5
$ docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/huati/mysql
查看所有鏡像
$ docker images
刪除鏡像
$ docker rmi [image ID]
啓動mysql鏡像並將容器的3306端口映射到宿主機的33061端口
這一步是爲了在windows上通過navitcat連接宿主機的33061端口即可訪問mysql容器中的數據庫
$ docker run -p 33061:3306 -td [IMAGE ID]
啓動第二個mysql容器
$ docker run -p 33062:3306 -td [IMAGE ID]
查看所有容器以及狀態,UP表示容器已經啓動,0.0.0.0:33062->3306/tcp 爲端口映射關係
$ docker ps -a
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
094ea693a956 23a1b36821fb "/data1/startup.sh" About an hour ago Up 43 minutes 0.0.0.0:33062->3306/tcp mysql_2
c2db34ba4e9a e04972ef39d2 "/usr/lib/mycat/bi..." 2 hours ago Exited (137) About an hour ago mycat
459cc55239f6 23a1b36821fb "/data1/startup.sh" 4 hours ago Up About an hour 0.0.0.0:33061->3306/tcp mysql_1
9dfefbcdb186 3db94df3e006 "/usr/sbin/init" 9 days ago Exited (137) 2 days ago centos7
39d9178a9fdd hello-world "/hello" 11 days ago Exited (0) 2 days ago hello-world
爲容器重命名
$ docker rename [old name] [new name]
刪除容器
$ docker rm [container name]
關閉容器命令
$ docker stop [container name]
啓動容器命令
docker start [container name]
進入容器
利用該命令進入容器後,並不能使用systemctl命令重啓mysql服務,暫時未查找解決方案,當我修改mysql配置時,會關閉容器後再次開啓容器,來使新配置生效......
$ docker exec -it [container name] /bin/bash
或
$ docker exec -it 容器名稱 bash
退出容器
$ exit
三、實現mysql主從複製
修改主從數據庫的數據庫密碼
從上文中拉取的mysql鏡像,運行後無需密碼即可使用root,一般情況下,我們應該設置數據庫的訪問密碼
分別在主從數據庫中執行
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by '1234' with grant option;
mysql> flush privileges;
執行後,需要密碼才能繼續訪問數據庫
分別在主從數據庫創建測試主從同步的數據庫和表
CREATE DATABASE master-slave-test;
USE master-slave-test;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `user`;
CREATE TABLE `user` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL,
`name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
`age` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
修改 /etc/my.cnf,其中有一項爲server-id,主從的server-id不能相同
修改主庫配置
$ vim /etc/my.cnf
[client]
port = 3306
socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
server-id = 1
port = 3306
datadir = /var/lib/mysql
socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
default-storage-engine = InnoDB
log-bin = mysql-bin
# master-slave ====== start ====
log-bin-index = mysql-bin.index
relay-log = mysql-relay
relay-log-index = mysql-relay.index
expire-logs-days = 10
max-binlog-size = 100M
max_binlog_cache_size = 8M
log-slave-updates = 1
binlog_cache_size = 4M
# use MIXED binlog
binlog_format = MIXED
#binlog_format = ROW
#多加註意:多個db要換行寫,不能用逗號隔開
#replicate-do-db = db%.%
replicate-do-db =master-slave-test
#replicate-ignore-db = mysql.%
# ignore tables
replicate-wild-ignore-table = mysql.%
sync_binlog = 1
relay_log_recovery = 1
log_slave_updates = 1
skip-name-resolve
sql_mode=STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 32M
# master-slave ====== end====
修改從庫配置
[client]
port = 3306
socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
#主庫和從庫的server-id不能相同
server-id = 2
port = 3306
datadir = /var/lib/mysql
socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
default-storage-engine = InnoDB
log-bin = mysql-bin
# master-slave ====== start ====
log-bin-index = mysql-bin.index
relay-log = mysql-relay
relay-log-index = mysql-relay.index
expire-logs-days = 10
max-binlog-size = 100M
max_binlog_cache_size = 8M
log-slave-updates = 1
binlog_cache_size = 4M
# use MIXED binlog
binlog_format = MIXED
#binlog_format = ROW
#多加註意:多個db要換行寫,不能用逗號隔開
#replicate-do-db = db%.%
replicate-do-db =master-slave-test
#replicate-ignore-db = mysql.%
# ignore tables
replicate-wild-ignore-table = mysql.%
sync_binlog = 1
relay_log_recovery = 1
log_slave_updates = 1
skip-name-resolve
sql_mode=STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 32M
# master-slave ====== end====
配置時候注意幾個坑:
!!!Replication-do-db的坑,如果多個庫則使用多行Replication-do-db進行配置
!!!Replication-ignore-db的坑,如果忽略多個庫則使用多行Replication-ignore-db進行配置
重啓docker容器,使mysql配置生效
重啓後,進入主庫
在msater中查看主機狀態
mysql> show master status \G;
記錄主機日誌所在位置的數字以及bin log文件名,一會兒在從庫執行命令時會用到
重啓後,進入從庫
1. stop slave;
2. CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='172.17.0.2',MASTER_USER='repl',MASTER_PASSWORD='1234',MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000001',MASTER_LOG_POS=614;
master_log_file和master_log_pos的值爲剛纔從主庫查到的
這樣配置表示從當前時間開始,往後的數據進行同步
另外還可以配置將之前的主庫數據也同步到從庫,我暫時沒找到怎麼配
3. start slave;
在slave中查看從機狀態命令:
mysql> show slave status \G;
出現類似以下結果表示主從複製配置成功
File: mysql-bin.000006
Position: 107
Binlog_Do_DB:
Binlog_Ignore_DB:
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
最後,在主庫user表中添加一些數據,看看效果吧