Android Bluetooth API及連接方式介紹

文章目錄

連接建立方式

API

BluetoothDevice

java.lang.Object

↳android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice

代表 遠程藍牙設備 。通過BluetoothDevice，您可以與各自的設備建立連接或查詢有關該設備的信息，例如名稱，地址，類和綁定狀態。

//硬件地址形如： "00:11:22:AA:BB:CC"
String address = BluetoothDevice.address  

//設備名稱（如果無則返回空） 
String name = BluetoothDevice.name  

//設備類型：
int type = BluetoothDevice.type     
    //未知類型
    public static final int DEVICE_TYPE_UNKNOWN = 0; 
    //BR、EDR(經典)藍牙類型
    public static final int DEVICE_TYPE_CLASSIC = 1;  
    //BLE(低功耗)藍牙類型
    public static final int DEVICE_TYPE_LE = 2;   
    //雙模式類型
    public static final int DEVICE_TYPE_DUAL = 3;      

//設備支持的特徵通用唯一標識符(UUID)
int uuids = BluetoothDevice.uuids

//設備綁定狀態
int bondState = BluetoothDevice.bondState
     //未與遠程藍牙設備綁定（配對）,所以通信(如果允許)將是未經身份認證和加密的
     public static final int BOND_NONE = 10; 
     //與遠程藍牙設備正在綁定(配對)
     public static final int BOND_BONDING = 11;
     //與遠程藍牙設備已經綁定（配對）,通訊是經過身份驗證和加密的(設備綁定（配對）並不一定已連接。)
     public static final int BOND_BONDED = 12;

BluetoothClass

java.lang.Object

↳android.bluetooth.BluetoothClass

表示 藍牙類別 ，該類別描述設備的一般特徵和功能。例如，藍牙類將指定常規設備類型（例如電話，計算機或頭戴式耳機），以及是否支持諸如音頻或電話之類的服務。

getMajorDeviceClass

返回的是 主要設備類型 (比如是麥克風、電話、電腦、網絡、音視頻、外圍設備等等)。

/**
 *返回的是主要設備,從此函數返回的值可以與BluetoothClass.Device.Major中的公共常量進行比較，
 *以確定當前設備主要類型。
 */
int majorDeviceClass = BluetoothClass.getMajorDeviceClass;
	public static class Device {
			public static class Major {
            //麥克風
            public static final int MISC = 0x0000;  
            //電腦
            public static final int COMPUTER = 0x0100;
            //電話
            public static final int PHONE = 0x0200;
            //網絡
            public static final int NETWORKING = 0x0300;
            //音視頻
            public static final int AUDIO_VIDEO = 0x0400;
            //外圍
            public static final int PERIPHERAL = 0x0500;
            //圖像
            public static final int IMAGING = 0x0600;
            //可穿戴設備
            public static final int WEARABLE = 0x0700;
            //玩具
            public static final int TOY = 0x0800;
            //健康
            public static final int HEALTH = 0x0900;
            //未分類
            public static final int UNCATEGORIZED = 0x1F00;
        }
  }

getDeviceClass

返回此BluetoothClass的（主要和次要）設備類組件其中包含了getMajorDeviceClass類別。

/**
 *此BluetoothClass的（主要和次要）設備類組件，從此函數返回的值可以與BluetoothClass.Device.Major
 *中的公共常量進行比較，以確定當前設備主要和次要類型。
 */
int deviceClass = BluetoothClass.getDeviceClass
	public static class Device {
      //DeviceClass包含了上面的MajorDeviceClass，不再重複標示類型，參照上面getMajorDeviceClass
			public static class Major {
            public static final int MISC = 0x0000;
            public static final int COMPUTER = 0x0100;
            public static final int PHONE = 0x0200;
            public static final int NETWORKING = 0x0300;
            public static final int AUDIO_VIDEO = 0x0400;
            public static final int PERIPHERAL = 0x0500;
            public static final int IMAGING = 0x0600;
            public static final int WEARABLE = 0x0700;
            public static final int TOY = 0x0800;
            public static final int HEALTH = 0x0900;
            public static final int UNCATEGORIZED = 0x1F00;
        }
        //未分類的可穿戴設備
        public static final int WEARABLE_UNCATEGORIZED = 0x0700;
        //可穿戴手錶
        public static final int WEARABLE_WRIST_WATCH = 0x0704;
        //可穿戴尋呼機
        public static final int WEARABLE_PAGER = 0x0708;
        //可穿戴夾克
        public static final int WEARABLE_JACKET = 0x070C;
        //可穿戴頭盔
        public static final int WEARABLE_HELMET = 0x0710;
        //可穿戴眼睛
        public static final int WEARABLE_GLASSES = 0x0714;
 
        //其他取值如下：
        // Devices in the COMPUTER major class（major爲電腦的Devices有如下取值）
        public static final int COMPUTER_UNCATEGORIZED = 0x0100;
        public static final int COMPUTER_DESKTOP = 0x0104;
        //筆記本電腦
        public static final int COMPUTER_SERVER = 0x0108;
        public static final int COMPUTER_LAPTOP = 0x010C;
        public static final int COMPUTER_HANDHELD_PC_PDA = 0x0110;
        public static final int COMPUTER_PALM_SIZE_PC_PDA = 0x0114;
        public static final int COMPUTER_WEARABLE = 0x0118;
 
        // Devices in the PHONE major class（major爲電話的Devices有如下取值）
        public static final int PHONE_UNCATEGORIZED = 0x0200;
        public static final int PHONE_CELLULAR = 0x0204;
        public static final int PHONE_CORDLESS = 0x0208;
        public static final int PHONE_SMART = 0x020C;
        public static final int PHONE_MODEM_OR_GATEWAY = 0x0210;
        public static final int PHONE_ISDN = 0x0214;
 
        // Minor classes for the AUDIO_VIDEO major class（major爲音視頻的Devices有如下取值）
        public static final int AUDIO_VIDEO_UNCATEGORIZED = 0x0400;
        public static final int AUDIO_VIDEO_WEARABLE_HEADSET = 0x0404;
        public static final int AUDIO_VIDEO_HANDSFREE = 0x0408;
        //public static final int AUDIO_VIDEO_RESERVED              = 0x040C;
        public static final int AUDIO_VIDEO_MICROPHONE = 0x0410;
        public static final int AUDIO_VIDEO_LOUDSPEAKER = 0x0414;
        public static final int AUDIO_VIDEO_HEADPHONES = 0x0418;
        public static final int AUDIO_VIDEO_PORTABLE_AUDIO = 0x041C;
        public static final int AUDIO_VIDEO_CAR_AUDIO = 0x0420;
        public static final int AUDIO_VIDEO_SET_TOP_BOX = 0x0424;
        public static final int AUDIO_VIDEO_HIFI_AUDIO = 0x0428;
        public static final int AUDIO_VIDEO_VCR = 0x042C;
        public static final int AUDIO_VIDEO_VIDEO_CAMERA = 0x0430;
        public static final int AUDIO_VIDEO_CAMCORDER = 0x0434;
        public static final int AUDIO_VIDEO_VIDEO_MONITOR = 0x0438;
        public static final int AUDIO_VIDEO_VIDEO_DISPLAY_AND_LOUDSPEAKER = 0x043C;
        public static final int AUDIO_VIDEO_VIDEO_CONFERENCING = 0x0440;
        //public static final int AUDIO_VIDEO_RESERVED              = 0x0444;
        public static final int AUDIO_VIDEO_VIDEO_GAMING_TOY = 0x0448;
 
        // Devices in the TOY major class（major爲玩具的Devices有如下取值）
        public static final int TOY_UNCATEGORIZED = 0x0800;
        public static final int TOY_ROBOT = 0x0804;
        public static final int TOY_VEHICLE = 0x0808;
        public static final int TOY_DOLL_ACTION_FIGURE = 0x080C;
        public static final int TOY_CONTROLLER = 0x0810;
        public static final int TOY_GAME = 0x0814;
 
        // Devices in the HEALTH major class（major爲健康的Devices有如下取值）
        public static final int HEALTH_UNCATEGORIZED = 0x0900;
        public static final int HEALTH_BLOOD_PRESSURE = 0x0904;
        public static final int HEALTH_THERMOMETER = 0x0908;
        public static final int HEALTH_WEIGHING = 0x090C;
        public static final int HEALTH_GLUCOSE = 0x0910;
        public static final int HEALTH_PULSE_OXIMETER = 0x0914;
        public static final int HEALTH_PULSE_RATE = 0x0918;
        public static final int HEALTH_DATA_DISPLAY = 0x091C;
  }

連接建立方式

安全連接

listenUsingRfcommWithServiceRecord & createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord

安全的連接、需要PIN配對、通信加密
- listenUsingRfcommWithServiceRecord & createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord 服務端與客戶端將使用UUID創建一個安全的RFCOMM藍牙Socket來監聽和連接使用此種安全方式，連接到此Socket的遠程設備將通過身份驗證（即使用PIN碼配對 以防中間人攻擊)，並且此Socket上的通信將被加密。

不安全連接

listenUsingInsecureRfcommWithServiceRecord & createInsecureRfcommSocketToServiceRecord

非安全連接、無需身份認證（PIN配對）、藍牙2.1設備已經強制加密
- listenUsingInsecureRfcommWithServiceRecord & createInsecureRfcommSocketToServiceRecord：服務端與客戶端將使用UUID創建一個非安全的RFCOMM藍牙Socket來監聽和連接，通信通道將沒有經過身份驗證的鏈接密鑰（不會進行PIN配對），即它將受到中間人攻擊。(對於藍牙2.1設備，鏈接密鑰將被加密，因爲加密是強制性的。對於舊版設備（藍牙2.1之前的設備），鏈接密鑰不會被加密。如果需要加密並經過身份驗證的通信通道，請使用listenUsingRfcommWithServiceRecord

使用注意

listenUsingRfcommWithServiceRecord 僅在能夠進行認證的設備上使用，如果設備不具有輸入和輸出功能或僅具有顯示功能（無法進行PIN確認，如耳機等），這種情況下請使用: listenUsingInsecureRfcommWithServiceRecord。
安全與非安全的創建方式服務端與客戶端應 對等使用 (即服務端使用安全的方式創建連接監聽，客戶端也應使用安全的方式來創建連接)。否則一方使用安全方式，另一方使用非安全方式，在配對後無法連接出現如下類似異常
```
getBluetoothService() called with no BluetoothManagerCallback
java.io.IOException: read failed, socket might closed or timeout, read ret: -1
```

Android Bluetooth API及連接方式介紹

文章目錄

API

BluetoothDevice

BluetoothClass

連接建立方式

安全連接

不安全連接

使用注意

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