scrapy爬取上海宝山安居客房产信息并存到mysql数据库中

源码下载：https://download.csdn.net/download/dabao87/11997988

首先搭建虚拟环境和安装python这里就不说了，不会的请移步我的其他文章

安装虚拟环境：https://blog.csdn.net/dabao87/article/details/102743386

创建一个项目，命令行：

scrapy startproject anjuke

这命令会建一个叫anjuke的文件夹，里面会有一些待你配置的文件

创建一个spider:

先进入刚才创建的项目文件夹里

cd anjuke
scrapy genspider anju shanghai.anjuke.com

这时的文件夹结构应该是这样的：

创建item

item是保存爬取数据的容器，使用方法和字典类似~

将item.py修改如下：

配置settings.py 

在 settings.py 中配置几个重要的东西，由于安居库有防止爬虫访问，所以要模拟用户的正常访问

将 settings.py 文件中USER_AGENT参数打开

将刚才复制的 user-agent 放到 settings.py 的USER_AGENT参数中

这个打开

COOKIES_ENABLED = False

引入 import random

DOWNLOAD_DELAY = random.choice([1,2])

这个时候配置完成了，访问就可以模拟用户的正常访问了

在  anju.py 文件中的代码

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import scrapy
from scrapy.http import Request
from anjuke.items import AnjukeItem  # 使用item


class AnjuSpider(scrapy.Spider):
    name = 'anju'
    allowed_domains = ['shanghai.anjuke.com']
    start_urls = ['https://shanghai.anjuke.com/sale/baoshan/m2401/']

    def parse(self, response):
        divs = response.xpath('''//li[@class="list-item"]''')  # 使用xpath从response中获取需要的html块
        for div in divs:
            item = AnjukeItem()  # 实例化item对象
            address = div.xpath('.//span[@class="comm-address"]/@title').extract_first()  # 楼盘地址和小区名称，由于地址和小区名称在一起，所以下面是拆分
            item['address'] = address[address.index("\xa0\xa0") + 2 :]  #地址，以“\xa0\xa0”区分
            item['name'] = address[:address.index("\xa0\xa0")]  #小区名称
            try:
                item['type_'] = div.xpath('.//div[@class="details-item"]/span/text()').extract_first()  # 房子类型比如两房一厅这样子~
            except:
                pass

            # item['tags'] = div.xpath('.//span[@class="item-tags tag-metro"]/text()').extract()  # 网站给楼盘定的标签~

            price = div.xpath('.//span[@class="price-det"]/strong/text()').extract_first()  # 价格
            item['price'] = price + '万'
            try:
                item['area'] = div.xpath('.//div[@class="details-item"]/span/text()').extract()[1:2]
            except:
                pass
            yield item
            
        next_ = response.xpath('//div[@class="multi-page"]/a[@class="aNxt"]/@href').extract_first()  # 获取下一页的链接
        print('-------next----------')
        print(next_)
        yield response.follow(url=next_, callback=self.parse)  # 将下一页的链接加入爬取队列~~

    

执行：

scrapy crawl anju

 

这里名字是anju，所以上面的命令要是 anju 

结果：

安居客网站的标签和class可能会改变。不要直接复制我的代码，可能会不能执行

 

存入mysql

参考：https://www.cnblogs.com/ywjfx/p/11102081.html

新建数据库

scrapy

新建表

anjuke

在 pipelines.py 文件中

import pymysql

class AnjukePipeline(object):
    def __init__(self):
        # 连接MySQL数据库
        self.connect=pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1',user='root',password='111111',db='scrapy',port=3306)
        self.cursor=self.connect.cursor()
    def process_item(self, item, spider):
        # 往数据库里面写入数据
        self.cursor.execute('insert into anjuke(address,name,type_,area,price)VALUES ("{}","{}","{}","{}","{}")'.format(item['address'],item['name'],item['type_'],item['area'],item['price']))
        self.connect.commit()
        return item
    # 关闭数据库
    def close_spider(self,spider):
        self.cursor.close()
        self.connect.close()

在settings.py中

主要是将 ITEM_PIPELINES 的注释去掉

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Scrapy settings for tencent project
#
# For simplicity, this file contains only settings considered important or
# commonly used. You can find more settings consulting the documentation:
#
#     https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html
#     https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
#     https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html

BOT_NAME = 'tencent'

SPIDER_MODULES = ['tencent.spiders']
NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'tencent.spiders'

LOG_LEVEL="WARNING"
LOG_FILE="./qq.log"
# Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent
USER_AGENT = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.131 Safari/537.36'

# Obey robots.txt rules
#ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = True

# Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: 16)
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 32

# Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0)
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay
# See also autothrottle settings and docs
#DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 3
# The download delay setting will honor only one of:
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 16
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 16

# Disable cookies (enabled by default)
#COOKIES_ENABLED = False

# Disable Telnet Console (enabled by default)
#TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED = False

# Override the default request headers:
#DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {
#   'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
#   'Accept-Language': 'en',
#}

# Enable or disable spider middlewares
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
#SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = {
#    'tencent.middlewares.TencentSpiderMiddleware': 543,
#}

# Enable or disable downloader middlewares
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
#DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
#    'tencent.middlewares.TencentDownloaderMiddleware': 543,
#}

# Enable or disable extensions
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/extensions.html
#EXTENSIONS = {
#    'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole': None,
#}

# Configure item pipelines
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
ITEM_PIPELINES = {
   'tencent.pipelines.TencentPipeline': 300,
}

# Enable and configure the AutoThrottle extension (disabled by default)
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/autothrottle.html
#AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED = True
# The initial download delay
#AUTOTHROTTLE_START_DELAY = 5
# The maximum download delay to be set in case of high latencies
#AUTOTHROTTLE_MAX_DELAY = 60
# The average number of requests Scrapy should be sending in parallel to
# each remote server
#AUTOTHROTTLE_TARGET_CONCURRENCY = 1.0
# Enable showing throttling stats for every response received:
#AUTOTHROTTLE_DEBUG = False

# Enable and configure HTTP caching (disabled by default)
# See https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#httpcache-middleware-settings
#HTTPCACHE_ENABLED = True
#HTTPCACHE_EXPIRATION_SECS = 0
#HTTPCACHE_DIR = 'httpcache'
#HTTPCACHE_IGNORE_HTTP_CODES = []
#HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = 'scrapy.extensions.httpcache.FilesystemCacheStorage'



# 连接数据MySQL
# 数据库地址
MYSQL_HOST = 'localhost'
# 数据库用户名:
MYSQL_USER = 'root'
# 数据库密码
MYSQL_PASSWORD = 'yang156122'
# 数据库端口
MYSQL_PORT = 3306
# 数据库名称
MYSQL_DBNAME = 'test'
# 数据库编码
MYSQL_CHARSET = 'utf8'

 

下面要注意：

查看有没有安装pymysql

pip list

我已经安装好了，但是在爬取提示：ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'pymysql'

这个时候要注意是否是在安装python中安装的

执行

where python

我有两个安装目录：一个是安装的python，一个是虚拟环境。刚才我在虚拟换in中安装了pymysql，所以提示没有pymysql模块，

这个时候我切换到俺咋混个python的环境中，再次执行

pip list

发现没有pymysql这个模块，赶紧装上

注意：一定要在Scripts这个文件下安装

执行

pip install pymysql

再次查看他有没有安装上 pymysql

pip list

这个时候应该是安装好了

在回到刚才爬虫的项目中，执行爬虫

scrapy crawl anju

这时就已经可以存到数据库了