複製構造函數 與 賦值函數 的區別

#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
using namespace std;

class String  
{
    public:
        String(const char *str);
        String(const String &other);
        String & operator=(const String &other);
        ~String(void); 
    private:
        char *m_data;
};

String::String(const char *str)
{
    cout << "自定義構造函數" << endl;
    if (str == NULL)
    {
        m_data = new char[1];
        *m_data = '\0';
    }
    else
    {
        int length = strlen(str);
        m_data = new char[length + 1];
        strcpy(m_data, str);
    }
}

String::String(const String &other)
{
    cout << "自定義拷貝構造函數" << endl;
    int length = strlen(other.m_data);
    m_data = new char[length + 1];
    strcpy(m_data, other.m_data);
}

String & String::operator=(const String &other)
{
    cout << "自定義賦值函數" << endl; 

    if (this == &other)
    {
        return *this;
    }
    else
    {
        delete [] m_data;
        int length = strlen(other.m_data);
        m_data = new char[length + 1];
        strcpy(m_data, other.m_data);
        return *this;
    }
}

String::~String(void)
{
    cout << "自定義析構函數" << endl; 
    delete [] m_data;
}
int main()
{
    cout << "a(\"abc\")" << endl;
    String a("abc");

    cout << "b(\"cde\")" << endl;
    String b("cde");
    
    cout << " d = a" << endl;
    String d = a;

    cout << "c(b)" << endl;
    String c(b);

    cout << "c = a" << endl;
    c = a;

    cout << endl;
}

執行結果：