Windows上使用VSCode结合mingw编译和调试C程序

Windows上使用VSCode结合mingw编译和调试C程序

目标是在 Win7上, 用 VSCode使用mingw调试C 程序. 要设置终端为 bash.exe.

Windows7 已经安装了 VSCode(及相关插件), MSYS64, Cygwin 等. Windows系统环境变量如下:

MSYS64_HOME=C:\DEVPACK\msys64
Path=...;C:\DEVPACK\msys64\usr\bin\;C:\DEVPACK\MicrosoftVSCode\bin\

获取最后代码:

https://github.com/pepstack/vscdebug

1. vscdebug 项目设置

创建一个项目目录: vscdebug/, 包含全部如下内容:

vscdebug/
	.vscode/
		c_cpp_properties.json
		launch.json
		tasks.json
	vscdebug.c
	mingw64-make.sh
	Makefile

各文件内容如下:

  • c_cpp_properties.json

      {
        "configurations": [
          {
            "name": "Win32",
            "windowsSdkVersion": "10.0.18362.0",
            "compilerPath": "${env:MSYS64_HOME}/mingw64/bin/gcc",
            "includePath": [
              "${env:MSYS64_HOME}/mingw64/include"
            ],
            "defines": [
              "_DEBUG",
              "UNICODE",
              "_UNICODE"
            ],
            "intelliSenseMode": "gcc-x64"
          }
        ],
        "version": 4
      }
    
  • launch.json

      {
          // Use IntelliSense to learn about possible attributes.
          // Hover to view descriptions of existing attributes.
          // For more information, visit: https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=830387
          "version": "0.2.0",
          "configurations": [
              {
                  "name": "(gdb) debug",
                  "type": "cppdbg",
                  "request": "launch",
                  "program": "${workspaceFolder}/vscdebug.exe",
                  "targetArchitecture": "x64",
                  "args": [],
                  "stopAtEntry": true,
                  "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",
                  "environment": [],
                  "externalConsole": true,
                  "MIMode": "gdb",
                  "miDebuggerPath": "gdb.exe",
                  "preLaunchTask": "make",
                  "setupCommands": [
                      {
                          "description": "为 gdb 启用整齐打印",
                          "text": "-enable-pretty-printing",
                          "ignoreFailures": true
                      }
                  ]
              }
          ]
      }
    
  • tasks.json

      {
          // See https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=733558
          // for the documentation about the tasks.json format
          "version": "2.0.0",
          "tasks": [
              {
                  "label": "make",
                  "type": "shell",
                  "command": "/C/Users/cheungmine/Workspace/github.com/vscdebug/mingw64-make.sh",
                  "problemMatcher": [
                      "$gcc"
                  ],
                  "group": {
                      "kind": "build",
                      "isDefault": true
                  }
              }
          ]
      }
    
  • mingw64-make.sh

    #/usr/bin/bash
    _file=$(readlink -f $0)
    _cdir=$(dirname $_file)
    _name=$(basename $_file)
    
    echo ${_cdir}
    
    cd ${_cdir} && make
    
    • Makefile
    # Makefile
    
    CC=gcc
    
    all: vscdebug.exe
    
    vscdebug.exe: ./vscdebug.c
    	$(CC) -g ./vscdebug.c -o $@
    
    .PHONY: all clean
    
    clean:
    	rm -rf ./vscdebug.exe
    
  • vscdebug.c

#include <stdio.h>
/**
 * cmd as administrator
 * add system env:
 *   MSYS64_HOME=C:\DEVPACK\msys64
 *   Path=...;C:\DEVPACK\msys64\usr\bin
 * mklink /J "/C" "C:\"
 */
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    int a = 25;
    printf("hello vscode %d.\n", a);
    return 0;
}

2. 全局设置终端为 msys64的bash.exe

参考:

用户偏好全局设定(VSCode->Ctrl+Shift+P, Settings json)

  • settings.json

      {
          "java.home": "C:\\DEVPACK\\Java\\jdk1.8.0_162",
          "java.help.firstView": "gettingStarted",
          "remote.SSH.remotePlatform": {
              "pc": "linux",
              "vm-cent7": "linux"
          },
          "java.configuration.checkProjectSettingsExclusions": false,
          "java.jdt.ls.vmargs": "-XX:+UseParallelGC -XX:GCTimeRatio=4 -XX:AdaptiveSizePolicyWeight=90 -Dsun.zip.disableMemoryMapping=true -Xmx1G -Xms100m -javaagent:\"/home/cl/.vscode-server/extensions/gabrielbb.vscode-lombok-1.0.1/server/lombok.jar\"",
          "editor.suggestSelection": "first",
          "vsintellicode.modify.editor.suggestSelection": "automaticallyOverrodeDefaultValue",
          "window.zoomLevel": 1,
          "git.ignoreLegacyWarning": true,
          "editor.formatOnSave": true,
          "terminal.integrated.shell.windows": "${env:MSYS64_HOME}/usr/bin/bash.exe",
          "terminal.integrated.shellArgs.windows": ["--login"],
          "terminal.integrated.env.windows": {
              "MSYSTEM": "MINGW64",
              "CONTITLE": "MinGW x64",
              "C_INCLUDE_PATH": "/mingw64/include",
              "CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH": "/mingw64/include"
          }
      }
    
  • 创建目录链接

因为 vscdebug项目在C盘, 所以为了调试, 还需要创建驱动器链接. 以管理员运行 cmd, 输入下面的命令:

C:\Windows\system32>cd \

C:\>mklink /J "/C" "C:\"
为 /C <<===>> C:\ 创建的联接

如果代码在 E:\ 则上面的改为:

C:\>mklink /J "/E" "E:\"

3. 开始调试源代码

直接用vscode打开vscdebug目录, 按 F5 调试.

或者用 cygwin, 切换到 vscdebug目录, 输入命令: code .
启动项目, 按F5调试. 如下图:

在这里插入图片描述

4. 远程调试 vscdebug 项目

4.1 准备工作

1)需要 Windows ssh 登陆到 Linux (centos7及以上)支持免密. 将Windows用户证书添加到Linux的: ~/.ssh/authorized_keys.
Windows用户证书(msys64) :

	$ cd $USERPROFILE
	$ pwd
	/c/Users/cheungmine
	$ ssh-keygen

将下面文件的内容追加到Linux的文件(~/.ssh/authorized_keys)

	/c/Users/cheungmine/.ssh/id_rsa.pub

2)Windows 的VSCode 需要安装一些插件:

4.2 远程调试

将 vscdebug 下载到远程 Linux (centos7) 上。然后在 Windows 上远程调试。配置的过程比 Windows 上本地调试简单。需要注意的是,vscdebug/.vscode/下面的3个json文件的配置。每个文件新增的部分如下:

  • c_cpp_properties.json

    {
          "name": "Linux",
          "compilerPath": "/usr/bin/gcc",
          "includePath": [
            "/usr/include",
            "/usr/local/include"
          ],
          "defines": [
            "_DEBUG"
          ],
          "intelliSenseMode": "gcc-x64"
    }
    
  • launch.json

		{
			"name": "linux-gdb",
			 "type": "cppdbg",
			 "request": "launch",
			 "program": "${workspaceFolder}/vscdebug.exe",
			 "targetArchitecture": "x64",
			 "args": [],
			 "stopAtEntry": true,
			 "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",
			 "environment": [],
			 "externalConsole": false,
			 "MIMode": "gdb",
			 "miDebuggerPath": "/usr/bin/gdb",
			 "preLaunchTask": "linux-make",
			 "setupCommands": [
			     {
			         "description": "为 gdb 启用整齐打印",
			         "text": "-enable-pretty-printing",
			         "ignoreFailures": true
			     }
			 ]
		}
  • tasks.json
	{
	          "label": "linux-make",
	          "type": "shell",
	          "command": "cd ${workspaceFolder} && make",
	          "problemMatcher": [
	              "$gcc"
	          ],
	          "group": {
	              "kind": "build",
	              "isDefault": true
	          }
	}

区别是 launch.json,Windows本地调试代码,设置为:

"externalConsole": true

从Windows远程调试Linux上的代码,务必设置为:

"externalConsole": false

运行截图:
在这里插入图片描述

5 获取最后的代码

https://github.com/pepstack/vscdebug

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