redhat系統安裝好儘管默認帶有yum，但是redhat的更新包只對註冊用戶有效（收費）。所以需要更換yum源。
說明：我下載的是網易的rpm包，因爲這些包在不斷更新，所以可能失效。但是有方法可以解決，詳見下文。
參考：https://blog.csdn.net/hongbin_xu/article/details/79316614
以下rpm包在2018.5.26可用
基本的流程就是：
1.刪除redhat7.0系統自帶的yum軟件包；
2.自行下載所需要的軟件包；
3.根據依賴項安裝；
4.新建repo配置文件。
一般來說，之後就可以正常使用了。可能還會遇到一些依賴項的問題，後面會提到。
流程
1、查看自帶的yum軟件包
[root@xhb yum.repos.d]# rpm -qa | grep yum
yum-utils-1.1.31-24.el7.noarch
yum-langpacks-0.4.2-3.el7.noarch
yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64
yum-rhn-plugin-2.0.1-4.el7.noarch
PackageKit-yum-0.8.9-11.el7.x86_64
yum-3.4.3-118.el7.noarch
這下面列出來的軟件包，要記住一下，後面要根據其來搜索rpm包來安裝新版本。比如”yum-utils”、”yum-langpacks”等等。
2、卸載這些安裝包
rpm -qa | grep yum | xargs rpm -e --nodeps
3、保證上網正常
ping www.baidu.com
4、進入以下網站下載對應的rpm包
- 阿里雲網絡源地址：https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/
- 網易163網絡源地址：http://mirrors.163.com/
- CentOS網絡源地址：http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/
使用CTRL+F輸入關鍵字查找對應的安裝包即可。
5、找到安裝包後下載下來
由於輸出結果較多，故省略，下面是指令：
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-3.4.3-163.el7.centos.noarch.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-langpacks-0.4.2-7.el7.noarch.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-rhn-plugin-2.0.1-10.el7.noarch.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-utils-1.1.31-52.el7.noarch.rpm
6、安裝
輸入指令rpm -ivh yum-*，遇到報錯，依賴項問題。
[root@linuxprobe home]# rpm -ivh yum-*
warning: yum-3.4.3-158.el7.centos.noarch.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
error: Failed dependencies:
python-urlgrabber >= 3.10-8 is needed by yum-3.4.3-158.el7.centos.noarch
rpm >= 0:4.11.3-22 is needed by yum-3.4.3-158.el7.centos.noarch
另外再回去找安裝包下載下來：
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/rpm-4.11.3-32.el7.x86_64.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/python-urlgrabber-3.10-8.el7.noarch.rpm
輸入指令更新rpm：
rpm -Uvh rpm-4.11.3-32.el7.x86_64.rpm --nodeps
rpm -Uvh python-urlgrabber-3.10-8.el7.noarch.rpm --nodeps
再次運行rpm -ivh yum-*。
[root@linuxprobe home]# rpm -ivh yum-*
warning: yum-3.4.3-158.el7.centos.noarch.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
Preparing... ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
1:yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7 ################################# [ 25%]
2:yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-4################################# [ 50%]
3:yum-3.4.3-158.el7.centos ################################# [ 75%]
4:yum-utils-1.1.31-45.el7 ################################# [100%]
我自己的這裏報錯了：
warning: yum-3.4.3-163.el7.centos.noarch.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY error: Failed dependencies: yum-plugin-fastestmirror is needed by yum-3.4.3-163.el7.centos.noarch解決：https://jingyan.baidu.com/article/f3e34a12c3cbe9f5eb6535da.html
rpm後添加兩個文件執行：
[root@localhost rpm]# rpm -ivh yum-3.4.3-163.el7.centos.noarch.rpm yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-52.el7.noarch.rpm
7、新建repo配置文件
vim /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
輸入以下內容：
#CentOS-Base.repo
#
# The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
# update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and
# geographically close to the client. You should use this for CentOS updates
# unless you are manually picking other mirrors.
#
# If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the
# remarked out baseurl= line instead.
#
#
[base]
name=CentOS-$7 - Base - 163.com
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$7&arch=$basearch&repo=os
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
#released updates
[updates]
name=CentOS-$7 - Updates - 163.com
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$7&arch=$basearch&repo=updates
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/updates/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=CentOS-$7 - Extras - 163.com
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$7&arch=$basearch&repo=extras
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/extras/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-$7 - Plus - 163.com
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/centosplus/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
8、測試yum是否配置成功
隨便下一個軟件看看：
[root@linuxprobe home]# yum -y install tree
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, product-id, subscription-manager
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Determining fastest mirrors
base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
extras | 3.4 kB 00:00:00
updates | 3.4 kB 00:00:00
base/x86_64/group_gz FAILED
http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/repodata/29b154c359eaf12b9e35d0d5c649ebd62ce43333f39f02f33ed7b08c3b927e20-c7-x86_64-comps.xml.gz: [Errno 14] curl#6 - "Could not resolve host: mirrors.163.com; Unknown error"
Trying other mirror.
updates/x86_64/primary_db FAILED
http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/updates/x86_64/repodata/d94a7500ce5b2da5a87ec4a88472b7d4668293b0aea3704dbbe23ef9819dbef0-primary.sqlite.bz2: [Errno 14] curl#6 - "Could not resolve host: mirrors.163.com; Unknown error"
Trying other mirror.
extras/x86_64/primary_db FAILED
http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/extras/x86_64/repodata/e4b5b58cea2f141b821193fbe5b791fd8dec29014091f45b3101d08ae8eb1e1b-primary.sqlite.bz2: [Errno 14] curl#7 - "Failed connect to mirrors.163.com:80; Connection refused"
Trying other mirror.
(1/4): extras/x86_64/primary_db | 146 kB 00:00:00
base/x86_64/primary_db FAILED
http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/repodata/03d0a660eb33174331aee3e077e11d4c017412d761b7f2eaa8555e7898e701e0-primary.sqlite.bz2: [Errno 14] curl#7 - "Failed connect to mirrors.163.com:80; Operation now in progress"
Trying other mirror.
base/x86_64/primary_db FAILED
http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/repodata/03d0a660eb33174331aee3e077e11d4c017412d761b7f2eaa8555e7898e701e0-primary.sqlite.bz2: [Errno 14] curl#7 - "Failed connect to mirrors.163.com:80; Operation now in progress"
Trying other mirror.
base/x86_64/primary_db FAILED
http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/repodata/03d0a660eb33174331aee3e077e11d4c017412d761b7f2eaa8555e7898e701e0-primary.sqlite.bz2: [Errno 14] curl#56 - "Recv failure: Connection reset by peer"
Trying other mirror.
(1/2): updates/x86_64/primary_db | 2.0 MB 00:00:07
(2/2): base/x86_64/primary_db | 5.9 MB 00:00:14
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package tree.x86_64 0:1.6.0-10.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
============================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
============================================================================================
Installing:
tree x86_64 1.6.0-10.el7 base 46 k
Transaction Summary
============================================================================================
Install 1 Package
Total download size: 46 k
Installed size: 87 k
Downloading packages:
warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/$releasever/base/packages/tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
Public key for tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64.rpm is not installed
tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64.rpm | 46 kB 00:00:05
Retrieving key from http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
Importing GPG key 0xF4A80EB5:
Userid : "CentOS-7 Key (CentOS 7 Official Signing Key) <[email protected]>"
Fingerprint: 6341 ab27 53d7 8a78 a7c2 7bb1 24c6 a8a7 f4a8 0eb5
From : http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Warning: RPMDB altered outside of yum.
** Found 4 pre-existing rpmdb problem(s), 'yum check' output follows:
PackageKit-0.8.9-11.el7.x86_64 has missing requires of PackageKit-backend
rhn-check-2.0.2-5.el7.noarch has missing requires of yum-rhn-plugin >= ('0', '1.6.4', '1')
rpm-libs-4.11.1-16.el7.x86_64 has missing requires of rpm = ('0', '4.11.1', '16.el7')
rpm-python-4.11.1-16.el7.x86_64 has missing requires of rpm = ('0', '4.11.1', '16.el7')
Installing : tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64 1/1
Verifying : tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64 1/1
Installed:
tree.x86_64 0:1.6.0-10.el7
Complete!
第二種方法：
掛載安裝文件ISO裏面的yum源
參考：
- https://www.jianshu.com/p/25a63cbf1e9d
- https://www.cnblogs.com/kerrycode/p/4723637.html
- https://blog.csdn.net/qq_37460356/article/details/79568387