引言
Java vs Python,誰能勝出?作爲程序猿,這個問題除了從數據角度分析外,我們更應該從編程語言本身的使用和體驗來感受對比一番,然後再謹慎的給出自己的答案。
資歷
Java誕生於1995年,Python誕生於1991年,是不是很意外,大家以爲Java廉頗老矣,Python年紀卻更大。
毛髮的PK
Java之父James Gosling
python之父Guido van Rossum
Hello World
Java版
public class HelloWorld {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("hello java world");
}
}
Python版
print("hello python world")
Java說:Hi, code boy.
-
先定義一個類
-
再定義一個main入口方法
-
然後打印輸出hello world
Python說:Hi, code boy. Just hello world!
字符串
要說代碼中最醜的字符串是什麼,那必須是sql。
Java中的sql
String uglySql = "SELECT * FROM"
+ " program_language"
+ " WHERE"
+ " NAME = 'Java'"
+ " AND rank > 5";
Python中的sql
beautiful_sql = """
SELECT
*
FROM
program_language
WHERE
NAME = 'Python'
AND rank > 5
"""
列表
鋼鐵俠:Hi,賈維斯,給我一份最新的世界電影票房排名前10的榜單
Java版賈維斯
List<String> top10 = Arrays.asList("Avatar",
"Titanic",
"Star Wars: The Force Awakens",
"Avengers: Infinity War",
"Jurassic World",
"Marvel's The Avengers",
"Furious 7",
"Avengers: Age of Ultron",
"Black Panther",
"Avengers: Endgame");
Python版賈維斯
top10 = [
"Avatar",
"Titanic",
"Star Wars: The Force Awakens",
"Avengers: Infinity War",
"Jurassic World",
"Marvel's The Avengers",
"Furious 7",
"Avengers: Age of Ultron",
"Black Panther",
"Avengers: Endgame"
]
鋼鐵俠:Ok,賈維斯,well done,現在給我排名前3的就行了,我比較關注
Java版賈維斯
List<String> top3 = top10.subList(0,3);
Python版賈維斯
top3 = top10[:3]
映射/字典
英文不是很好,上面的榜單誰幫忙翻譯一下?
Java
Map<String, String> top10Map = new HashMap<>();
top10Map.put("Avatar", "阿凡達");
top10Map.put("Titanic", "泰坦尼克號");
top10Map.put("Star Wars: The Force Awakens", "星球大戰:原力覺醒");
top10Map.put("Avengers: Infinity War", "復仇者聯盟:無限戰爭");
top10Map.put("Jurassic World", "侏羅紀世界");
top10Map.put("Marvel's The Avengers", "復仇者聯盟");
top10Map.put("Furious 7", "速度與激情7");
top10Map.put("Avengers: Age of Ultron", "復仇者聯盟:奧創紀元");
top10Map.put("Black Panther", "黑豹");
top10Map.put("Avengers: Endgame", "復仇者聯盟:終局之戰");
String movie_en_name = "Avengers: Endgame";
System.out.println(movie_en_name + "->" + top10Map.get(movie_en_name));
Python
top10_dic = {
"Avatar": "阿凡達",
"Titanic": "泰坦尼克號",
"Star Wars: The Force Awakens": "星球大戰:原力覺醒",
"Avengers: Infinity War": "復仇者聯盟:無限戰爭",
"Jurassic World": "侏羅紀世界",
"Marvel's The Avengers": "復仇者聯盟",
"Furious 7": "速度與激情7",
"Avengers: Age of Ultron": "復仇者聯盟:奧創紀元",
"Black Panther": "黑豹",
"Avengers: Endgame": "復仇者聯盟:終局之戰"
}
movie_en_name = "Avengers: Endgame"
print(movie_en_name, "->", top10_dic[movie_en_name])
分支
假如可以回到過去,你會做什麼?
Java
Calendar timeMachine = Calendar.getInstance();
int year = timeMachine.get(Calendar.YEAR);
if (year >= 1980 && year < 1990) {
System.out.println("玩");
} else if (year >= 1990 && year < 2000) {
System.out.println("學習");
} else if (year >= 2000 && year < 2010) {
System.out.println("學習,工作");
} else {
System.out.println("工作,成家,一胎,二胎");
}
Python
time_machine = datetime.datetime.now()
year = time_machine.year
if 1980 <= year < 1990:
print("玩")
elif 1990 <= year < 2000:
print("學習")
elif 2000 <= year < 2010:
print("學習,工作")
else:
print("工作,成家,一胎,二胎")
循環
90年代,當我們還小時,被罰抄書了,多麼不幸的事,誰來拯救?
Java
try {
FileReader fileReader = new FileReader("book.txt");
BufferedReader bookReader = new BufferedReader(fileReader);
String line;
while ((line = bookReader.readLine()) != null) {
System.out.println(line);
}
fileReader.close();
bookReader.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
Python
for line in open("book.txt"):
print(line)
方法/函數
在鋼鐵俠多次要求取世界電影票房排名前10的榜單,和前3後,賈維斯進化了。
Java版賈維斯
private String fetchHtmlFromMojo() {
// fetch html...
String html = "<html></html>";
return html;
}
private List<String> parseTop100(String html) {
// parse html...
List<String> top100 = new ArrayList<>();
return top100;
}
private List<String> getTopN(int num) {
String html = fetchHtmlFromMojo();
List<String> top100 = parseTop100(html);
return top100.subList(0, num);
}
Python版賈維斯
def fetch_html_from_mojo():
# fetch html...
html = "<html></html>"
return html
def parse_top100(html):
# parse html...
top100 = []
return top100
def get_topn(num):
html = fetch_html_from_mojo()
top100 = parse_top100(html)
return top100[:num]
類
終極賈維斯
Java
public class Robot {
private String name = "賈維斯";
private Map<String, String> movieMap = new HashMap<>();
public Robot(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
private String fetchHtmlFromMojo() {
// fetch html...
String html = "<html></html>";
return html;
}
private List<String> parseTop100(String html) {
// parse html...
List<String> top100 = new ArrayList<>();
return top100;
}
public List<String> getTopN(int num) {
String html = fetchHtmlFromMojo();
List<String> top100 = parseTop100(html);
return top100.subList(0, num);
}
public String translate(String movieEnName) {
return movieMap.get(movieEnName);
}
}
Python
class Robot:
name = "賈維斯"
movie_dic = dict()
def __init__(self, name):
self.name = name
def fetch_html_from_mojo(self):
# fetch html...
html = "<html></html>"
return html
def parse_top100(self, html):
# parse html...
top100 = []
return top100
def get_topn(self, num):
html = self.fetch_html_from_mojo()
top100 = self.parse_top100(html)
return top100[:num]
def translate(self, movie_en_name):
return self.movie_dic[movie_en_name]
結論
Java vs Python,誰勝出?說實話,顏值方面Python確實高過Java很多(語法簡潔,作者頭髮濃密),但是,Java在互聯網攻城掠地,Python在人工智能快速崛起,各有各的好,非要說誰勝出,當然是我們程序猿自己了,理解編程語言的共性,擁抱編程語言的多樣性,讓我們可以快速在不同場景做出合適的選擇,創造屬於程序猿的未來。