Android中服務器端與客戶端交互

一：服務器端建立

1：下載Tomcat 以及 struts（框架：爲了解決文件上傳更簡潔），後面會提供兩個資源的下載鏈接。然後解壓下載好的Tomcat和struts

2：配置tomcat：打開Myeclipse,打開window->perferences查找tomcat，然後將地址映射到上面解壓的Tomcat包。不知道是不是我的電腦配置出現問題，導致我在perferences中沒有查找到tomcat屬性。所以我在創建WEB project中發現了配置Tomcat路徑的地方，可參考1-5圖片，完成tomcat配置。創建的WEB工程如6圖

3：引入strust包：

3.1：找到解壓後的struts2-blank.war包，將這個包在進行解壓，找到WEB-INF文件夾，將WEB-INF裏lib包內的架包拷貝到工程對應lib目錄下。

3.2：將WEB-INF\classes下的struts.xml拷貝到工程的src目錄下，裏面的代碼參考7圖

3.3：打開WEB-INF 中webxml文件，將以下代碼

<filter>
<filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping> 拷貝到工程中web.xml文件

3.4：配置好之後，選擇run as ，將之前配置的Tomcat作爲service服務開啓。

4：新建一個包：com.imook.action，然後新建一個類UserAction，然後服務器端所有的代碼如下：

package com.imook.action;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.logging.Logger;

import javax.servlet.ServletInputStream;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

public class UserAction extends ActionSupport{
	
	
	private String username;
	private String password;
	
	public File mPhoto;
	public String mPhotoFileName;
	
	
	//上傳字符串到服務器
	public String postString() throws IOException{
		HttpServletRequest request = ServletActionContext.getRequest();
		ServletInputStream is = request.getInputStream();
		
		System.out.println("sessionId=" + request.getSession().getId());
		
		StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
		int len = 0;
		byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
		
		while((len = is.read(buf)) != -1){
			sb.append(new String(buf,0,len));
		}
		System.out.println(sb.toString());
		
		return null;
	}
	
	//重命名圖片以及username及password
	public String uploadInfo() throws IOException{
		
		System.out.println(username+"  ," + password);
		
		if(mPhoto == null){
			System.out.println(mPhotoFileName+"  is null .");
		}
		
		String dir = ServletActionContext.getServletContext().getRealPath("/files");
		File file = new File(dir,mPhotoFileName);
		
		FileUtils.copyFile(mPhoto, file);
		
		return null;
	}
	
	//上傳圖片文件
	public String postFile() throws IOException{
		HttpServletRequest request = ServletActionContext.getRequest();
		ServletInputStream is = request.getInputStream();
		
		System.out.println("sessionId=" + request.getSession().getId());
		

		String dir = ServletActionContext.getServletContext().getRealPath("files");
		File file = new File(dir,"wwx.jpg");
		
        	FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(file);
        
		int len = 0;
		byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
		
		while((len = is.read(buf)) != -1){
			fos.write(buf, 0, len);
		}
		HttpServletResponse response = ServletActionContext.getResponse();
		PrintWriter writer = response.getWriter();
		writer.write(dir);
		writer.flush();
		System.out.println("dir:"+dir);
		fos.flush();
		fos.close();
	
		
		return null;
	}
	
	
	//登陸
	public String login() throws IOException{
		HttpServletRequest request = ServletActionContext.getRequest();
		
		//userService.login(username,password);
		System.out.println("sessionId=" + request.getSession().getId());
		System.out.println(username+" , "+password);
		
		HttpServletResponse response = ServletActionContext.getResponse();
		PrintWriter writer = response.getWriter();
		writer.write("Login success !");
		writer.flush();
		
		return null;
	}
	
	public String getUsername() {
		return username;
	}
	public void setUsername(String username) {
		this.username = username;
	}
	public String getPassword() {
		return password;
	}
	public void setPassword(String password) {
		this.password = password;
	}

}

5：對應的struts代碼：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
	"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN"
	"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">

<struts>

    <constant name="struts.enable.DynamicMethodInvocation" value="true" />
    <constant name="struts.devMode" value="true" />

    <package name="default" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
   
   <action name="login" class="com.imook.action.UserAction" method = "login">
   </action>
   
    <action name="postString" class="com.imook.action.UserAction" method = "postString">
   </action>
   
    <action name="postFile" class="com.imook.action.UserAction" method = "postFile">
   </action>
    <action name="uploadInfo" class="com.imook.action.UserAction" method = "uploadInfo">
   </action>
    </package>

    <!-- Add packages here -->

</struts>

二：客戶端

客戶端就是創建一個Android 工程，具體的請參考代碼：

1：MainActivity代碼：

package nuro.nuro.okhttp;

import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import android.graphics.BitmapFactory;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Environment;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.TextView;

import com.squareup.okhttp.Call;
import com.squareup.okhttp.Callback;
import com.squareup.okhttp.FormEncodingBuilder;
import com.squareup.okhttp.MediaType;
import com.squareup.okhttp.MultipartBuilder;
import com.squareup.okhttp.OkHttpClient;
import com.squareup.okhttp.Request;
import com.squareup.okhttp.RequestBody;
import com.squareup.okhttp.Response;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.CookieManager;
import java.net.CookiePolicy;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private TextView tv_result;
    private ImageView iv_result;
    OkHttpClient okHttpClient = new OkHttpClient();
    private String mBaseUrl="http://192.168.1.113:8080/imook_okHttp/";
    private String TAG = "MainActivity";

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.content_main);

        okHttpClient.setCookieHandler(new CookieManager(null, CookiePolicy.ACCEPT_ALL));//保證服務器端的sessionId保證一致，保證用戶登錄一致
        tv_result = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv_result);
        iv_result = (ImageView)findViewById(R.id.iv_result);

    }

    /*
    封裝代碼步驟
    * 1：拿到okHttpClient對象
    * 2：構造Request
      2.1構造requestBody
      2.2包裝requestBody
      3.call -> execute
    * */

    public void doPost(View view){
        //1：拿到okHttpClient對象
        FormEncodingBuilder requestBodyBuilder = new FormEncodingBuilder();
        //2：構造Request
        //2.1構造requestBody
        RequestBody requestBody = requestBodyBuilder.add("username","wwx").add("password","930820").build();
        Request.Builder builder = new Request.Builder();
        Request request = builder.url(mBaseUrl + "login").post(requestBody).build();

        executeRequest(request);
    }

    public void doPostString(View view){
        //1：拿到okHttpClient對
        //2：構造Request
        //2.1構造requestBody
        RequestBody requestBody = RequestBody.create(MediaType.parse("text/plain:charset=utf-8"), "{username:wwx,password:930820,sex:man,age:25}");
        Request.Builder builder = new Request.Builder();
        Request request = builder.url(mBaseUrl + "postString").post(requestBody).build();

        executeRequest(request);
    }
    public void doPostFile(View view){
        File file = new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory(),"wwx.jpg");
        Log.i(TAG,Environment.getExternalStorageState());
        if (!file.exists()){
            L.e(file.getAbsolutePath()+" not exist!");
            return;
        }
        //mime type查看各個文件的MediaType
        RequestBody requestBody = RequestBody.create(MediaType.parse("application/octet-stream"),file);
        Request.Builder builder = new Request.Builder();
        Request request = builder.url(mBaseUrl + "postFile").post(requestBody).build();

        executeRequest(request);
    }

    public void doUpload(View view){
        File file = new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory(),"ziji.png");
        Log.i(TAG,Environment.getExternalStorageState());
        if (!file.exists()){
            L.e(file.getAbsolutePath()+" not exist!");
            return;
        }

        MultipartBuilder multipartBuilder = new MultipartBuilder();

        RequestBody requestBody = multipartBuilder.type(MultipartBuilder.FORM)//
                .addFormDataPart("username", "wwx")//
                .addFormDataPart("password", "930820")//
                .addFormDataPart("mPhoto", "jizi.png", RequestBody.create(MediaType.parse("application/octet-stream"), file))
                .build();

        CountingRequestbody countingRequestbody = new CountingRequestbody(requestBody, new CountingRequestbody.Listner() {
            @Override
            public void onRequestProgress(long bytesWrited, long contentLength) {
                L.e(bytesWrited + "/" + contentLength);
            }
        });


        //mime type查看各個文件的MediaType
        Request.Builder builder = new Request.Builder();
        Request request = builder.url(mBaseUrl + "uploadInfo").post(countingRequestbody).build();

        executeRequest(request);
    }

    public void doDownload(View view){
        Request.Builder builder = new Request.Builder();
        Request request = builder.get().url(mBaseUrl+"files/wwx.jpg").build();

        Call call = okHttpClient.newCall(request);
        call.enqueue(new Callback() {//異步執行
            @Override
            public void onFailure(Request request, IOException e) {
                L.e("onFailure :" + e.getMessage());
                e.printStackTrace();
            }

            @Override
            public void onResponse(Response response) throws IOException {
                L.e("onResponse :");

                final long total = response.body().contentLength();//文件總長度
                long sum = 0L;
                InputStream is = response.body().byteStream();

                int len = 0;
                File file = new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory(), "wwx12306.jpg");
                byte[] buf = new byte[128];
                FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(file);

                while ((len = is.read(buf)) != -1) {
                    fos.write(buf, 0, len);

                    sum += len;//進度比例

                    L.e(sum + "/" + total);
                    final long finalsum = sum;
                    runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
                        @Override
                        public void run() {
                            tv_result.setText(finalsum+"/"+total);
                        }
                    });
                }
                fos.flush();
                fos.close();
                is.close();

                L.e("download success!");
            }
        });

    }

    public void doDownloadImg(View view){
        Request.Builder builder = new Request.Builder();
        Request request = builder.get().url(mBaseUrl+"files/jizi.png").build();

        Call call = okHttpClient.newCall(request);
        call.enqueue(new Callback() {//異步執行
            @Override
            public void onFailure(Request request, IOException e) {
                L.e("onFailure :" + e.getMessage());
                e.printStackTrace();
            }

            @Override
            public void onResponse(Response response) throws IOException {
                L.e("onResponse :");
                InputStream is = response.body().byteStream();

                final Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(is);

                runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
                    @Override
                    public void run() {
                        iv_result.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
                    }
                });

            }
        });

    }
    public void doGet(View view) throws IOException {
        //1：拿到okHttpClient對象

        //2：構造Request
        Request.Builder builder = new Request.Builder();
        Request request = builder.get().url(mBaseUrl+"login?username=wwx&password=654321").build();
        executeRequest(request);
    }

    private void executeRequest(Request request) {
        //3：將request封裝成call
        Call call = okHttpClient.newCall(request);

        //4:執行
        //call.execute();//立即執行
        call.enqueue(new Callback() {//異步執行
            @Override
            public void onFailure(Request request, IOException e) {
                L.e("onFailure :" + e.getMessage());
                e.printStackTrace();
            }

            @Override
            public void onResponse(Response response) throws IOException {
                L.e("onResponse :");
                final String res = response.body().string();
                L.e(res);//此時是子線程,不能直接設置UI控件更新的原因可能是爲了支持大文件的下載
                runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
                    @Override
                    public void run() {
                        tv_result.setText(res);
                    }
                });
            }
        });
    }

}

2：xml文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
    android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    app:layout_behavior="@string/appbar_scrolling_view_behavior"
    tools:context="nuro.nuro.okhttp.MainActivity"
    tools:showIn="@layout/activity_main">

    <Button
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Get"
        android:onClick="doGet"/>
    <Button
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="post"
        android:onClick="doPost"/>
    <Button
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="post String"
        android:onClick="doPostString"/>
    <Button
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="post File"
        android:onClick="doPostFile"/>

    <Button
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:text="Upload"
    android:onClick="doUpload"/>

    <Button
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Download"
        android:onClick="doDownload"/>
    <Button
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="DownloadImage"
        android:onClick="doDownloadImg"/>

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/tv_result"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Hello World!" />
    <ImageView
        android:id="@+id/iv_result"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:scaleType="centerCrop"/>
</LinearLayout>

3：封裝的一個打印信息L代碼：

package nuro.nuro.okhttp;

/**
 * Created by Administrator on 2017/8/1.
 */
public class L{
    private static boolean debug = true;
    private static String TAG = "imook_okhttp";

    public static void e(String msg){
        if (debug){
            android.util.Log.e(TAG,msg);
        }
    }
}

4：在MainFest中記得添加相應的權限：

     <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"></uses-permission>
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"></uses-permission>
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"></uses-permission>

三：總結：

這個例子介紹了服務器的簡單搭建，做到了Android客戶端上傳string（也可以是json格式），圖片、文件到服務器的指定目錄下，然後提供了從服務器上下載圖片文件的方法。

其中在：

1：客戶端上傳圖片到服務器中，因爲映射到服務器的地址不對，導致客戶端上傳的圖片，服務器一直沒有接收到。產生這個的原因是：沒有將Tomcat映射的路徑配置正確。正確的方式是要在新建web工程後配置Tomcat的路徑。

2：另外一個是比較大的圖片不能顯示，原因：代碼裏沒有增加壓縮圖片的步驟，部分圖片過大顯示不出來。

3：上傳以及下載的進度可以在進行完善，使用進度條來顯示。

各位：有不明白的或者有錯誤的地方，大家請指教。QQ：1143403680

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