Appium自動化Windows APP

博客首發

https://lucas234.github.io/

前提條件

Windows 10或者更新版本
需要WinAppDriver

環境搭建

打開Windows PC的開發者模式
下載Windows SDK並默認安裝
下載Windows driver並默認安裝
運行WinAppDriver.exe（記得要用admin權限運行），默認路徑 (C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Application Driver)
可以自定義地址或端口：
```
WinAppDriver.exe 4727
WinAppDriver.exe 127.0.0.1 4725
WinAppDriver.exe 127.0.0.1 4723/wd/hub
```
如下圖：

Windows 自動化腳本

運行腳本前要打開 WinAppDriver.exe
對於Windows App來說，只需要傳一個app capabilities 即可。
對於UWP的App，app對應的值爲Application Id（App ID）。關於如何獲取APP ID，可以使用powershell命令get-StartApps來獲取，打開powershell終端運行：get-StartApps | select-string "計算器"即可獲取值（運行命令之前先打開計算器）。以下是java樣例代碼：

 DesiredCapabilities cap = new DesiredCapabilities();
 cap.setCapability("app", "LexisNexisAPAC.LexisRed_wsek3cqrhvvz2!App");
 driver = new WindowsDriver(new URL("http://127.0.0.1:4723"), cap);
 driver.findElementByAccessibilityId("CalculatorResults");

對於經典的Windows App，app對應的值爲可執行的.exe文件路徑。以下是java樣例代碼：

// Launch Notepad
DesiredCapabilities cap= new DesiredCapabilities();
cap.SetCapability("app", "C:\\Windows\\System32\\notepad.exe");
cap.SetCapability("appArguments", "MyTestFile.txt");
cap.SetCapability("appWorkingDir", "C:\\MyTestFolder");
driver= new WindowsDriver(new URL("http://127.0.0.1:4723"), cap);
// Use the session to control the app
driver.FindElementByClassName("Edit").SendKeys("This is some text");

Windows定位元素

使用Windows SDK提供的工具inspect.exe（C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\bin\x86或者C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\bin\10.0.18362.0\x64根據系統查看）來定位，詳情查看inspect，或者使用AccExplorer32、UISpy定位。
支持的定位方式：

API	定位方法	對應inspect.exe的屬性	例子
FindElementByAccessibilityId	accessibility id	AutomationId	AppNameTitle
FindElementByClassName	class name	ClassName	TextBlock
FindElementById	id	RuntimeId (decimal)	42.333896.3.1
FindElementByName	name	Name	Calculator
FindElementByTagName	tag name	LocalizedControlType (upper camel case)	Text
FindElementByXPath	xpath	Any	//Button[0]

計算器的例子

Python（GitHub）：

import unittest
from appium import webdriver


class WindowsCalculatorTest(unittest.TestCase):

    @classmethod
    def setUpClass(self):
        # set up appium
        desired_caps = {}
        desired_caps["app"] = "Microsoft.WindowsCalculator_8wekyb3d8bbwe!App"
        self.driver = webdriver.Remote(command_executor='http://127.0.0.1:4723', desired_capabilities=desired_caps)

    @classmethod
    def tearDownClass(self):
        self.driver.quit()

    def getresults(self):
        displaytext = self.driver.find_element_by_accessibility_id("CalculatorResults").text
        displaytext = displaytext.strip("顯示爲 ")
        displaytext = displaytext.rstrip(' ')
        displaytext = displaytext.lstrip(' ')
        return displaytext

    def test_addition(self):
        self.driver.find_element_by_name("一").click()
        self.driver.find_element_by_name("加").click()
        self.driver.find_element_by_name("七").click()
        self.driver.find_element_by_name("等於").click()
        self.assertEqual(self.getresults(), "8")

    def test_combination(self):
        self.driver.find_element_by_name("七").click()
        self.driver.find_element_by_name("乘以").click()
        self.driver.find_element_by_name("九").click()
        self.driver.find_element_by_name("加").click()
        self.driver.find_element_by_name("一").click()
        self.driver.find_element_by_name("等於").click()
        self.driver.find_element_by_name("除以").click()
        self.driver.find_element_by_name("八").click()
        self.driver.find_element_by_name("等於").click()
        self.assertEqual(self.getresults(), "8")

    def test_division(self):
        self.driver.find_element_by_name("八").click()
        self.driver.find_element_by_name("八").click()
        self.driver.find_element_by_name("除以").click()
        self.driver.find_element_by_name("一").click()
        self.driver.find_element_by_name("一").click()
        self.driver.find_element_by_name("等於").click()
        self.assertEqual(self.getresults(), "8")

    def test_multiplication(self):
        self.driver.find_element_by_name("九").click()
        self.driver.find_element_by_name("乘以").click()
        self.driver.find_element_by_name("九").click()
        self.driver.find_element_by_name("等於").click()
        self.assertEqual(self.getresults(), "81")

    def test_subtraction(self):
        self.driver.find_element_by_name("九").click()
        self.driver.find_element_by_name("減").click()
        self.driver.find_element_by_name("一").click()
        self.driver.find_element_by_name("等於").click()
        self.assertEqual(self.getresults(), "8")


if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()

java（GitHub）：

import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.remote.DesiredCapabilities;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.net.URL;
import io.appium.java_client.windows.WindowsDriver;

import org.testng.Assert;
import org.testng.annotations.*;

public class WindowsCalculatorTest {

    private static WindowsDriver CalculatorSession = null;
    private static WebElement CalculatorResult = null;

    @BeforeClass
    public static void setup() {
        try {
            DesiredCapabilities capabilities = new DesiredCapabilities();
            capabilities.setCapability("app", "Microsoft.WindowsCalculator_8wekyb3d8bbwe!App");
            CalculatorSession = new WindowsDriver(new URL("http://127.0.0.1:4723"), capabilities);
            CalculatorSession.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(2, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
            CalculatorResult = CalculatorSession.findElementByAccessibilityId("CalculatorResults");

        }catch(Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {}
    }

    @AfterClass
    public static void TearDown()
    {
        CalculatorResult = null;
        if (CalculatorSession != null) {
            CalculatorSession.quit();
        }
        CalculatorSession = null;
    }

    @Test
    public void Addition()
    {
        CalculatorSession.findElementByName("七").click();
        CalculatorSession.findElementByName("七").click();
        CalculatorSession.findElementByName("加").click();
        CalculatorSession.findElementByName("八").click();
        CalculatorSession.findElementByName("等於").click();
        Assert.assertEquals("顯示爲 85", CalculatorResult.getText());
    }

    @Test
    public void Combination()
    {
        CalculatorSession.findElementByName("七").click();
        CalculatorSession.findElementByName("乘以").click();
        CalculatorSession.findElementByName("九").click();
        CalculatorSession.findElementByName("加").click();
        CalculatorSession.findElementByName("一").click();
        CalculatorSession.findElementByName("等於").click();
        CalculatorSession.findElementByName("除以").click();
        CalculatorSession.findElementByName("八").click();
        CalculatorSession.findElementByName("等於").click();
        Assert.assertEquals("顯示爲 8", CalculatorResult.getText());
    }

    @Test
    public void Division()
    {
        CalculatorSession.findElementByName("六").click();
        CalculatorSession.findElementByName("四").click();
        CalculatorSession.findElementByName("除以").click();
        CalculatorSession.findElementByName("八").click();
        CalculatorSession.findElementByName("等於").click();
        Assert.assertEquals("顯示爲 8", CalculatorResult.getText());
    }

    @Test
    public void Multiplication()
    {
        CalculatorSession.findElementByName("六").click();
        CalculatorSession.findElementByName("乘以").click();
        CalculatorSession.findElementByName("八").click();
        CalculatorSession.findElementByName("等於").click();
        Assert.assertEquals("顯示爲 48", CalculatorResult.getText());
    }

    @Test
    public void Subtraction()
    {
        CalculatorSession.findElementByName("九").click();
        CalculatorSession.findElementByName("減").click();
        CalculatorSession.findElementByName("一").click();
        CalculatorSession.findElementByName("等於").click();
        Assert.assertEquals("顯示爲 8", CalculatorResult.getText());
    }
}

參考

http://appium.io/docs/en/drivers/windows/
https://github.com/Microsoft/WinAppDriver?WT.mc_id=-blog-scottha

問題總結

org.openqa.selenium.WebDriverException: Failed to locate opened application window with appId

遇到此問題是在啓動APP時報的錯，成功的啓動了APP，但是拋出這個異常，導致後續無法測試，目前找了一個臨時解決方案：在new driver時增加try catch機制，即可避免，例如：

try {
   driver = new WindowsDriver(new URL("http://127.0.0.1:4723"), cap);
}catch (Exception e){
//            e.printStackTrace();
   driver = new WindowsDriver(new URL("http://127.0.0.1:4723"), cap);
}

Appium自動化Windows APP

博客首發

前提條件

環境搭建

Windows 自動化腳本

Windows定位元素

計算器的例子

參考

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