需求背景
Springboot集成:Swagger集成用法,本篇介紹Swagger2
問題痛點
手寫api文檔的幾個痛點:
- 當接口文檔需要更新時,需要再次發送一次給前端,文檔更新交流不是非常及時,比如showdoc
- 不能直接在線測試接口,通常需要使用其他工具,比如postman
- 接口文檔太多,不好管理
Swagger就是用來解決這個問題(Swagger也不是說就最好,比如不好的點就是代碼侵入性比較強)
技術點
1. 集成swagger依賴組件
<!-- swagger集成 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>io.springfox</groupId>
<artifactId>springfox-swagger2</artifactId>
<version>2.9.2</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 默認swagger-ui -->
<dependency>
<groupId>io.springfox</groupId>
<artifactId>springfox-swagger-ui</artifactId>
<version>2.9.2</version>
</dependency>
2. 使用Swagger配置類
代碼演示
1. 項目目錄結構
2. pom.xml依賴組件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>com.md</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot2-parent</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<relativePath>../pom.xml</relativePath>
</parent>
<artifactId>spring-boot2-swagger</artifactId>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>spring-boot2-swagger</name>
<description>Spring Boot, MVC, Rest API for App</description>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<swagger.version>2.9.2</swagger.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- 構建成可運行的Web項目 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>net.sf.json-lib</groupId>
<artifactId>json-lib-ext-spring</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- swagger集成 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>io.springfox</groupId>
<artifactId>springfox-swagger2</artifactId>
<version>${swagger.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 默認swagger-ui -->
<dependency>
<groupId>io.springfox</groupId>
<artifactId>springfox-swagger-ui</artifactId>
<version>${swagger.version}</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
3. 新建Swagger配置類
SwaggerConfig.java
package com.md.demo;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import springfox.documentation.builders.ApiInfoBuilder;
import springfox.documentation.builders.PathSelectors;
import springfox.documentation.builders.RequestHandlerSelectors;
import springfox.documentation.service.ApiInfo;
import springfox.documentation.spi.DocumentationType;
import springfox.documentation.spring.web.plugins.Docket;
import springfox.documentation.swagger2.annotations.EnableSwagger2;
@Configuration
@EnableSwagger2
public class SwaggerConfig {
/**
* 創建一個Docket對象 調用select()方法, 生成ApiSelectorBuilder對象實例,該對象負責定義外漏的API入口
* 通過使用RequestHandlerSelectors和PathSelectors來提供Predicate,在此我們使用any()方法,將所有API都通過Swagger進行文檔管理
*
* @return
*/
@Bean
public Docket createRestApi() {
return new Docket(DocumentationType.SWAGGER_2)
.apiInfo(apiInfo()).select()
//如果不想將所有的接口都通過swagger管理的話,可以將RequestHandlerSelectors.any()修改爲RequestHandlerSelectors.basePackage()
//.apis(RequestHandlerSelectors.any())
.apis(RequestHandlerSelectors.basePackage("com.md"))
.paths(PathSelectors.any())
.build();
}
@SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
private ApiInfo apiInfo() {
return new ApiInfoBuilder()
// 標題
.title("SpringBoot2 中使用Swagger2 構建RESTful APIs")
// 簡介
.description("This a demo for Swagger2")
// 服務條款
.termsOfServiceUrl("https://blog.csdn.net/hemin1003")
// 作者個人信息
.contact("Minbo.He")
// 版本
.version("1.0").build();
}
}
4. 設置靜態資源訪問
WebConfig.java(如果不用攔截器,則可以去掉MyHttpInterceptor類)
package com.md.demo;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.InterceptorRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.ResourceHandlerRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurationSupport;
/**
* 攔截器定義
*
* @author Minbo.He
*/
@Configuration
public class WebConfig extends WebMvcConfigurationSupport {
// 讓bean提前加載,讓攔截器中的@Autowired生效
@Bean
public HandlerInterceptor getMyInterceptor() {
return new MyHttpInterceptor();
}
@Override
public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
// 解決 swagger-ui.html 404報錯
registry.addResourceHandler("/swagger-ui.html").addResourceLocations("classpath:/META-INF/resources/");
registry.addResourceHandler("/webjars/**").addResourceLocations("classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/");
}
/**
* 可定義多個攔截器
*/
@Override
public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
// 定義過濾攔截的url名稱,攔截所有請求
registry.addInterceptor(this.getMyInterceptor()).addPathPatterns("/**");
super.addInterceptors(registry);
}
}
5. 編寫接口swagger相關內容
InitRest.java
package com.md.demo.rest;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import com.md.demo.util.JsonResult;
import com.md.demo.util.ResultCode;
import io.swagger.annotations.ApiImplicitParam;
import io.swagger.annotations.ApiOperation;
/**
* @author Minbo
*/
@RestController
public class InitRest {
protected static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(InitRest.class);
/**
* http://localhost:9090/hello
*
* @return
*/
@ApiOperation(value = "/hello 歡迎入口", httpMethod = "GET")
@RequestMapping(value = "/hello")
public String hello() {
logger.info("hello");
return "Hello greetings from spring-boot2-swagger";
}
@ApiOperation(value = "/getUserName 根據用戶id獲得用戶的姓名", notes = "id不能爲空", httpMethod = "GET")
@ApiImplicitParam(dataType = "string", name = "userId", value = "用戶id", required = true)
@RequestMapping(value = "/getUserName")
public JsonResult getUserName(String userId) {
String result = "hello " + userId + ",name=張三";
return new JsonResult(ResultCode.SUCCESS, result);
}
/**
* Swagger註解用法:
*
* @Api:修飾整個類,描述Controller的作用
* @ApiOperation:描述一個類的一個方法,或者說一個接口
* @ApiParam:單個參數描述
* @ApiModel:用對象來接收參數
* @ApiProperty:用對象接收參數時,描述對象的一個字段
* @ApiResponse:HTTP響應其中1個描述
* @ApiResponses:HTTP響應整體描述
* @ApiIgnore:使用該註解忽略這個API
* @ApiError :發生錯誤返回的信息
* @ApiImplicitParam:一個請求參數
* @ApiImplicitParams:多個請求參數
*/
}
每一個註解,可以直接選中註解,然後點擊進去源碼中進行查看,用法很簡單
例如:@ApiOperation註解源碼用法
6. 啓動項目,訪問:http://localhost:9090/swagger-ui.html
點擊init-rest欄,可以看到定義的接口
點擊進去/getUserName方法,點擊“Try it out”,輸入用戶id:test,點擊執行Execute,即可進行在線接口測試
附加用法
如果覺得默認官方UI不好用,則可以使用第三方UI組件(推薦此組件)
1. 集成pom組件
<dependency>
<groupId>com.github.xiaoymin</groupId>
<artifactId>swagger-bootstrap-ui</artifactId>
<version>1.9.3</version>
</dependency>
2. 處理WebConfig配置
@Override
public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
// 解決 swagger-ui.html 404報錯
registry.addResourceHandler("/swagger-ui.html").addResourceLocations("classpath:/META-INF/resources/");
registry.addResourceHandler("/webjars/**").addResourceLocations("classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/");
// 解決 doc.html 404 報錯
registry.addResourceHandler("/doc.html").addResourceLocations("classpath:/META-INF/resources/");
}
3. Application啓動類,增加@EnableSwaggerBootstrapUI註解
package com.md.demo;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import com.github.xiaoymin.swaggerbootstrapui.annotations.EnableSwaggerBootstrapUI;
/**
* 程序主入口
*
* @author Minbo
*
*/
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableSwaggerBootstrapUI
public class Application {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
}
}
4. 啓動項目,訪問:http://localhost:9090/doc.html
在線接口測試
完整源碼下載
常見問題
問題:
項目啓動後,http://localhost:9090/swagger-ui.html 或 http://localhost:9090/doc.html 界面訪問不了
解決方案:
增加WebConfig配置,進行資源處理即可,具體代碼如下
package com.md.demo;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.ResourceHandlerRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurationSupport;
/**
* @author Minbo.He
*/
@Configuration
public class WebConfig extends WebMvcConfigurationSupport {
@Override
public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
// 解決 swagger-ui.html 404報錯
registry.addResourceHandler("/swagger-ui.html").addResourceLocations("classpath:/META-INF/resources/");
registry.addResourceHandler("/webjars/**").addResourceLocations("classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/");
// 解決 doc.html 404 報錯
registry.addResourceHandler("/doc.html").addResourceLocations("classpath:/META-INF/resources/");
}
}
下一章教程
SpringBoot從入門到精通教程(二十五)- Mybatis-Plus快速開發框架用法
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