1. 必要的環境、軟件安裝配置
- 安裝node.js
- 安裝編輯器pycharm和webstorm
- 安裝谷歌瀏覽器
- npm換源
npm config set registry https://registry.npm.taobao.org
npm config get registry
npm install -g vue-cli
2. 腳手架創建 、使用webstorm打開瀏覽瞭解具體內容
- 創建腳手架
vue init webpack vueproject
項目名稱,項目描述,作者等4個回車
只安裝vue-router,其他全是n
使用npm來安裝,y
運行項目
cd vueproject
npm run dev
3. 路由、來看看前端是如何路由的
src裏目錄結構
- assets:靜態文件
- component:放組件的
- router:路由
- App.ve:頁面入口文件
- main.js:程序入口文件,加載各種公共組件
創建路由
-
新建一個組件User.vue
<template> <div id="user"> { { page_info } } </div> </template> <script> export default { name: "User", data(){ return { page_info: "this User page" } } } </script> <style scoped> </style>
-
在router/index.js中配置User路由
import Vue from 'vue' import Router from 'vue-router' import HelloWorld from '@/components/HelloWorld' import User from '@/components/User' Vue.use(Router) export default new Router({ routes: [ { path: '/', name: 'HelloWorld', component: HelloWorld }, { path: '/user', name: 'User', component: User, } ] })
-
在App.vue中應用路由
/
和/user
<template> <div id="app"> <img src="./assets/logo.png"><br /> <router-link to="/">Root</router-link> <router-link to="/user">User</router-link> <hr /> <router-view/> </div> </template> <script> export default { name: 'App' } </script> <style> #app { font-family: 'Avenir', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale; text-align: center; color: #2c3e50; margin-top: 60px; } </style>
4. 發送請求前的準備工作, 搭建django運行環境
創建django項目
- 用pycharm直接創建django項目webproject,應用mysite
- 初始化數據庫
python manage.py migrate
修改settings.py
- 允許所有主機訪問
ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['*']
- 註釋掉
'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
- 語言改成中文
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-Hans'
- 時區改爲上海
TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'
USE_TZ = False
- 運行項目
python manage.py runserver
- 靜態文件改爲前後端分離的
STATIC_URL = '/api/static/'
配置URL路由
-
總路由
from django.contrib import admin from django.urls import path, include urlpatterns = [ path('admin/', admin.site.urls), path('api/', include("mysite.urls")) ]
-
子路由
from django.urls import path from mysite import views urlpatterns = [ path("test/", views.test) ]
-
視圖函數
from django.http import JsonResponse def test(request): return JsonResponse({"status": 0, "message": "this is message"})
-
在瀏覽器中訪問
http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/test/
5. 初探django 跨域代理 並使用axios請求django數據
-
安裝axios
npm install axios --save
-
在main.js中註冊axios
import Vue from 'vue' import App from './App' import router from './router' import axios from 'axios' Vue.use(axios); Vue.config.productionTip = false Vue.prototype.$axios = axios /* eslint-disable no-new */ new Vue({ el: '#app', router, components: { App }, template: '<App/>' })
-
在User.vue中接收後端傳過來的數據
<template> <div id="user"> { { page_info } } </div> </template> <script> export default { name: "User", data(){ return { page_info: "this User page" } }, created() { this.$axios.get("/api/test/") .then(response => { console.log(response.data) }) } } </script> <style scoped> </style>
-
解決跨域問題,修改config/index.js
proxyTable: { '/api': { target: 'http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/', //接口域名 changeOrigin: true, //是否跨域 pathRewrite: { '^/api':'' ,//需要rewrite重寫的 } } },
-
訪問http://localhost:8080/#/user就能接到數據了,但是還不能顯示出來
6. 從數據庫取數據給vue渲染表格
-
修改User.vue把後端傳過來的數據顯示出來
<template> <div id="user"> { { page_info } } <br /> { { django_message } } </div> </template> <script> export default { name: "User", data(){ return { page_info: "this User page", django_message: "" } }, created() { this.$axios.get("/api/test/") .then(response => { this.django_message = response.data.message }) } } </script> <style scoped> </style>
-
在models.py中創建Stu表
from django.db import models # Create your models here. class Stu(models.Model): id = models.IntegerField(primary_key=True,auto_created=True) name = models.CharField(max_length=200)
-
生成遷移文件
python manage.py makemigrations
-
執行遷移文件
python manage.py migrate
-
在models.py中註冊Stu表
from django.contrib import admin from . import models # Register your models here. admin.site.register(models.Stu)
-
創建超級管理員
python manage.py createsuperuser
,用戶名caoyang
,密碼Mm23456
-
運行項目,訪問
127.0.0.1:8000/admin/login
-
往學生表中添加幾個用戶
-
在views.py中返回表中數據
from django.http import JsonResponse from .models import Stu # Create your views here. def test(request): return JsonResponse({"status": 0, "message": "this is django_message"}) def ret_user(request): if request.method == "GET": db = Stu.objects.all() db = [i.name for i in db] return JsonResponse({"status":0,"data":db}) else: return JsonResponse({"status":1,"message":"you need GET method"})
-
配置子路由
path("user/",views.ret_user)
-
訪問
http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/user/
就能返回數據了 -
修改前端界面User.vue
<template> <div id="user"> { { page_info } } <br /> { { django_message } } <br /> <table> <tr> <th>user</th> </tr> <tr v-for="user in user_list" :key='user'> <td>{ { user } }</td> </tr> </table> </div> </template> <script> export default { name: "User", data(){ return { page_info: "this User page", django_message: "", user_list: [], } }, created() { this.$axios.get("/api/test/") .then(response => { this.django_message = response.data.message }); this.$axios.get("/api/user/") .then(response => { this.user_list = response.data.data }) } } </script> <style scoped> </style>
-
訪問
http://localhost:8080/#/user
即可接受到數據了
7. django序列化json數據方便vue識別
-
在views.py中導入
from django.core import serializers
序列化的模塊,可以將queryset轉化爲json -
修改ret_user視圖函數,訪問
http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/user/
def ret_user(request): if request.method == "GET": json = serializers.serialize("json",Stu.objects.all()) return JsonResponse({"status":0,"data":json}) else: return JsonResponse({"status":1,"message":"you need GET method"})
-
修改前端界面User.vue,訪問
http://localhost:8080/#/user
<template> <div id="user"> { { page_info } } <br /> { { django_message } } <br /> <table> <tr> <th>id</th> <th>user</th> </tr> <tr v-for="user in user_list" :key='user'> <td>{ { user.pk } }</td> <td>{ { user.fields.name } }</td> </tr> </table> </div> </template> <script> export default { name: "User", data(){ return { page_info: "this User page", django_message: "", user_list: [], } }, created() { this.$axios.get("/api/test/") .then(response => { this.django_message = response.data.message }); this.$axios.get("/api/user/") .then(response => { this.user_list = JSON.parse(response.data.data) }) } } </script> <style scoped> </style>