spring mvc @ResponseBody爲什麼會返回json字符串

spring mvc 處理返回值要從RequestMappingHandlerAdapter 說起
RequestMappingHandlerAdapter 實現了接口InitializingBean

1. RequestMappingHandlerAdapter bean 創建 的入口，spring boot 中是在org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurationSupport 配置類中

public RequestMappingHandlerAdapter requestMappingHandlerAdapter(
			@Qualifier("mvcContentNegotiationManager") ContentNegotiationManager contentNegotiationManager,
			@Qualifier("mvcConversionService") FormattingConversionService conversionService,
			@Qualifier("mvcValidator") Validator validator) {

		RequestMappingHandlerAdapter adapter = createRequestMappingHandlerAdapter();
		adapter.setContentNegotiationManager(contentNegotiationManager);
		//  getMessageConverters  獲取轉換器
		adapter.setMessageConverters(getMessageConverters());
		adapter.setWebBindingInitializer(getConfigurableWebBindingInitializer(conversionService, validator));
		adapter.setCustomArgumentResolvers(getArgumentResolvers());
		adapter.setCustomReturnValueHandlers(getReturnValueHandlers());

		if (jackson2Present) {
			adapter.setRequestBodyAdvice(Collections.singletonList(new JsonViewRequestBodyAdvice()));
			adapter.setResponseBodyAdvice(Collections.singletonList(new JsonViewResponseBodyAdvice()));
		}

		AsyncSupportConfigurer configurer = new AsyncSupportConfigurer();
		configureAsyncSupport(configurer);
		if (configurer.getTaskExecutor() != null) {
			adapter.setTaskExecutor(configurer.getTaskExecutor());
		}
		if (configurer.getTimeout() != null) {
			adapter.setAsyncRequestTimeout(configurer.getTimeout());
		}
		adapter.setCallableInterceptors(configurer.getCallableInterceptors());
		adapter.setDeferredResultInterceptors(configurer.getDeferredResultInterceptors());

		return adapter;
	}

3. getMessageConverters 獲取轉換器

protected final List<HttpMessageConverter<?>> getMessageConverters() {
		if (this.messageConverters == null) {
			this.messageConverters = new ArrayList<>();
			configureMessageConverters(this.messageConverters);
			if (this.messageConverters.isEmpty()) {
			    //  添加默認的轉換器
				addDefaultHttpMessageConverters(this.messageConverters);
			}
			extendMessageConverters(this.messageConverters);
		}
		return this.messageConverters;
	}

4. addDefaultHttpMessageConverters添加默認的轉換器，其中 就有MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter 轉換器可以轉json

protected final void addDefaultHttpMessageConverters(List<HttpMessageConverter<?>> messageConverters) {
		messageConverters.add(new ByteArrayHttpMessageConverter());
		messageConverters.add(new StringHttpMessageConverter());
		messageConverters.add(new ResourceHttpMessageConverter());
		messageConverters.add(new ResourceRegionHttpMessageConverter());
		try {
			messageConverters.add(new SourceHttpMessageConverter<>());
		}
		catch (Throwable ex) {
			// Ignore when no TransformerFactory implementation is available...
		}
		messageConverters.add(new AllEncompassingFormHttpMessageConverter());

		if (romePresent) {
			messageConverters.add(new AtomFeedHttpMessageConverter());
			messageConverters.add(new RssChannelHttpMessageConverter());
		}

		if (jackson2XmlPresent) {
			Jackson2ObjectMapperBuilder builder = Jackson2ObjectMapperBuilder.xml();
			if (this.applicationContext != null) {
				builder.applicationContext(this.applicationContext);
			}
			messageConverters.add(new MappingJackson2XmlHttpMessageConverter(builder.build()));
		}
		else if (jaxb2Present) {
			messageConverters.add(new Jaxb2RootElementHttpMessageConverter());
		}
        
        //這裏就是轉json 的轉換器MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter
		if (jackson2Present) {
			Jackson2ObjectMapperBuilder builder = Jackson2ObjectMapperBuilder.json();
			if (this.applicationContext != null) {
				builder.applicationContext(this.applicationContext);
			}
			messageConverters.add(new MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter(builder.build()));
		}
		else if (gsonPresent) {
			messageConverters.add(new GsonHttpMessageConverter());
		}
		else if (jsonbPresent) {
			messageConverters.add(new JsonbHttpMessageConverter());
		}

		if (jackson2SmilePresent) {
			Jackson2ObjectMapperBuilder builder = Jackson2ObjectMapperBuilder.smile();
			if (this.applicationContext != null) {
				builder.applicationContext(this.applicationContext);
			}
			messageConverters.add(new MappingJackson2SmileHttpMessageConverter(builder.build()));
		}
		if (jackson2CborPresent) {
			Jackson2ObjectMapperBuilder builder = Jackson2ObjectMapperBuilder.cbor();
			if (this.applicationContext != null) {
				builder.applicationContext(this.applicationContext);
			}
			messageConverters.add(new MappingJackson2CborHttpMessageConverter(builder.build()));
		}
	}

6. RequestMappingHandlerAdapter 初始化HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler

public void afterPropertiesSet() {
		// Do this first, it may add ResponseBody advice beans
		initControllerAdviceCache();

		if (this.argumentResolvers == null) {
			List<HandlerMethodArgumentResolver> resolvers = getDefaultArgumentResolvers();
			this.argumentResolvers = new HandlerMethodArgumentResolverComposite().addResolvers(resolvers);
		}
		if (this.initBinderArgumentResolvers == null) {
			List<HandlerMethodArgumentResolver> resolvers = getDefaultInitBinderArgumentResolvers();
			this.initBinderArgumentResolvers = new HandlerMethodArgumentResolverComposite().addResolvers(resolvers);
		}
		if (this.returnValueHandlers == null) {
		    // 獲取默認返回值處理器
			List<HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler> handlers = getDefaultReturnValueHandlers();
			this.returnValueHandlers = new HandlerMethodReturnValueHandlerComposite().addHandlers(handlers);
		}
	}

7. 獲取默認返回值處理器

private List<HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler> getDefaultReturnValueHandlers() {
		List<HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler> handlers = new ArrayList<>();

		// Single-purpose return value types
		handlers.add(new ModelAndViewMethodReturnValueHandler());
		handlers.add(new ModelMethodProcessor());
		handlers.add(new ViewMethodReturnValueHandler());
		handlers.add(new ResponseBodyEmitterReturnValueHandler(getMessageConverters(),
				this.reactiveAdapterRegistry, this.taskExecutor, this.contentNegotiationManager));
		handlers.add(new StreamingResponseBodyReturnValueHandler());
		handlers.add(new HttpEntityMethodProcessor(getMessageConverters(),
				this.contentNegotiationManager, this.requestResponseBodyAdvice));
		handlers.add(new HttpHeadersReturnValueHandler());
		handlers.add(new CallableMethodReturnValueHandler());
		handlers.add(new DeferredResultMethodReturnValueHandler());
		handlers.add(new AsyncTaskMethodReturnValueHandler(this.beanFactory));

		// Annotation-based return value types
		handlers.add(new ModelAttributeMethodProcessor(false));
		// 
		// 
		//   
		//  
		/**
		* 我們經常用的返回json 就是由RequestResponseBodyMethodProcessor 這個處理器處理的
		* 轉成json  用到了getMessageConverters() 返回的轉化器
		* getMessageConverters 獲取的就是在  
		* org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurationSupport#requestMappingHandlerAdapter 方法中初始化的轉換器
		*/
		handlers.add(new RequestResponseBodyMethodProcessor(getMessageConverters(),
				this.contentNegotiationManager, this.requestResponseBodyAdvice));

		// Multi-purpose return value types
		handlers.add(new ViewNameMethodReturnValueHandler());
		handlers.add(new MapMethodProcessor());

		// Custom return value types
		if (getCustomReturnValueHandlers() != null) {
			handlers.addAll(getCustomReturnValueHandlers());
		}

		// Catch-all
		if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(getModelAndViewResolvers())) {
			handlers.add(new ModelAndViewResolverMethodReturnValueHandler(getModelAndViewResolvers()));
		}
		else {
			handlers.add(new ModelAttributeMethodProcessor(true));
		}

		return handlers;
	}

請求過來後按下面的路徑獲取json返回值

org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet#doDispatch
org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet#getHandlerAdapter
org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter#handle
org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter#handleInternal
org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter#invokeHandlerMethod
org.springframework.web.method.support.HandlerMethodReturnValueHandlerComposite#handleReturnValue
org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestResponseBodyMethodProcessor#handleReturnValue
org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.AbstractMessageConverterMethodProcessor#writeWithMessageConverters
org.springframework.http.converter.AbstractGenericHttpMessageConverter#write

參考博客