java 反射基本使用

概述：

JAVA程序在运行状态中，通过Java的反射机制，对于任意一个类，都能够知道这个类的所有属性和方法；对于任意一个对象，都能够调用它的任意方法和属性。这种动态获取信息以及动态调用对象方法的功能称为java语言的反射机制。

git示例代码地址

获取Class对象方法：

通过Class.forName()静态方法获取；

Class peopleClz;
        try {
            peopleClz = Class.forName("model.People");
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

通过对象的getClass()方法；

    People people = new People();
    Class <?>clazz = people.getClass();

java中任意类.class属性：

        Class clazz = People.class;
        Class clazz1 = String.class;

反射获取属性：

父类Animal.java

public class Animal {
    public int type;
    private void move(){

    }

    public void eat(){

    }

}

子类People.java

public class People  extends Animal{


    private String address;

    int sex;

    protected String name;

    public int age;


    public int getSex() {
        return sex;
    }

    public void setSex(int sex) {
        this.sex = sex;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    private void testReflec(){

        System.out.println("测试反射");

    }

}

获取属性示例代码：

public class TestReflection {


    public static void main(String args []){

        Class peopleClz = null;
        try {
            peopleClz = Class.forName("model.People");
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        //获取People类所有共有属性：
        Field allPFields[] = peopleClz.getFields();
        System.out.println("所有公有属性(包含父类)：");
        for(Field field :allPFields){

            System.out.println(field);

        }
        //获取指定公有属性
        try {
            Field ageField = peopleClz.getField("age");
            System.out.println("指定公有属性：\n"+ageField);

        } catch (NoSuchFieldException | SecurityException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        //获取指定属性：
        try {
            Field addressField = peopleClz.getDeclaredField("address");
            System.out.println("获取指定任意属性：\n"+addressField);
        } catch (NoSuchFieldException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (SecurityException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        //获取People类所有属性(不能获取父类)：
        Field allFields[] = peopleClz.getDeclaredFields();
        System.out.println("所有属性(不包含父类)：");
        for(Field field :allFields){

            System.out.println(field);

        }

    }
}

输出：

反射获取方法：

获取方法示例代码：

public class TestReflection {


    public static void main(String args []){

        Class peopleClz = null;
        try {
            peopleClz = Class.forName("model.People");
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        //获取所有公有方法
        Method methods [] = peopleClz.getMethods();
        System.out.println("获取所有公有方法(包含父类)：");
        for(Method method:methods){

            System.out.println(method);

        }

        //获取指定公有方法
        System.out.println("获取指定公有方法：");
        try {
        Method setSex =     peopleClz.getMethod("setSex", int.class);
        System.out.println(setSex);     

        Method getSex =     peopleClz.getMethod("getSex", null);
        System.out.println(getSex);     

        } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (SecurityException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        //获取本类声明方法

        Method dMethods [] = peopleClz.getDeclaredMethods();
        System.out.println("获取本类所有方法(不包含父类)：");
        for(Method method:dMethods){

            System.out.println(method);

        }
        //获取本类指定方法
            System.out.println("获取指定声明方法：");
                try {

                Method testReflec =peopleClz.getDeclaredMethod("testReflec", null);
                System.out.println(testReflec);     

                } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
                    // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                    e.printStackTrace();
                } catch (SecurityException e) {
                    // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }   
        }
    }

运行结果：

后续：

反射获取构造方法：

获取构造方法示例代码：

public class TestReflection {


    public static void main(String args []){

        Class peopleClz = null;
        try {
            peopleClz = Class.forName("model.People");
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        Constructor cons [] = peopleClz.getConstructors();
        System.out.println("获取所有公有构造方法（不包含父类）");
        for(Constructor con:cons){

            System.out.println(con);
        }
        System.out.println("获取指定公有构造方法（不包含父类）");
        try {
            Constructor con1 = peopleClz.getConstructor(null);
            System.out.println(con1);
            Constructor con2 = peopleClz.getConstructor(int.class,String.class);
            System.out.println(con2);
        } catch (NoSuchMethodException | SecurityException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        System.out.println("获取指定构造方法");
        try {

            Constructor con3 = peopleClz.getDeclaredConstructor(int.class,String.class,int.class);
            System.out.println(con3);

        } catch (NoSuchMethodException | SecurityException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        Constructor dCons [] = peopleClz.getDeclaredConstructors();
        System.out.println("获取所有构造方法");
        for(Constructor con:dCons){

            System.out.println(con);
        }           
    }
}

运行结果：

反射使用示例：

public class TestReflection {


    public static void main(String args []){

        Class peopleClz = null;
        try {
            peopleClz = Class.forName("model.People");
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        //调用构造方法生成对象
        People people1=null;
        People people2 =null;
        try {
        //反射生成对象
            System.out.println("------------------------------------------------------------------------");
            System.out.println("反射生成对象：");
        //公有构造方法生成对象：
        Constructor con1=   peopleClz.getConstructor(int.class,String.class);
        people1 = (People)  con1.newInstance(10,"weiwei");
        System.out.println("名字="+people1.getName());
        //非公有构造方法生成对象：
        Constructor con2=   peopleClz.getDeclaredConstructor(int.class,String.class,int.class);
        //注意调用私有构造方法一定要设置下面语句为true,否则报异常java.lang.IllegalAccessException;
        con2.setAccessible(true);
        people2 = (People) con2.newInstance(10,"wenwen",-100);
        System.out.println("名字="+people2.getName()+"\tsex ="+people2.getSex());

        //反射操作对象属性
        System.out.println("------------------------------------------------------------------------");
        System.out.println("反射操作对象属性：");
        try {
            Field field1 = peopleClz.getDeclaredField("sex");
            //sex访问权限为defalut,需要设置下面语句为true。
            field1.setAccessible(true);
            field1.set(people2, 100);
            System.out.println("sex ="+people2.getSex());

            Field field2 = peopleClz.getDeclaredField("address");
            field2.setAccessible(true);
            field2.set(people2, "Beijing in China");
            System.out.println("address ="+field2.get(people2));


        } catch (NoSuchFieldException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        //反射操作对象方法
        System.out.println("------------------------------------------------------------------------");
        System.out.println("反射操作对象方法：");

        Method method1 = peopleClz.getDeclaredMethod("setName", String.class);
        Method method2 = peopleClz.getDeclaredMethod("getName");
        method1.invoke(people2, "王小波！");
        Object objString = (String) method2.invoke(people2);
        System.out.println(objString);

        Method method3= peopleClz.getDeclaredMethod("testReflec");
        method3.setAccessible(true);
        method3.invoke(people2, null);

        } catch (NoSuchMethodException | SecurityException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (InstantiationException | IllegalAccessException | IllegalArgumentException
                | InvocationTargetException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }                   
    }
}

运行结果：

希望对您有所帮助！