Grid網格佈局:
Grid佈局是一個二維佈局方法,橫縱兩個方向總是同時存在。與flex佈局的語法類似,Grid佈局涉及到的語法也分爲兩類,一類是作用在Grid容器上的,另一類是作用在grid子項上的:
a. 作用在Grid容器上的語法:
1. grid-template-column:
2. grid-template-row:
1.2主要是對網格進行劃分,形成二維佈局,單位可以是像素,百分比,自適應以及fr單位(網格剩餘空間比例單位),網格的劃分是很規律的,如果需要添加多個橫縱網格時,可以利用repeat()語法進行簡化操作。
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<style>
#box{
width: 400px;
height: 400px;
border: 1px solid black;
display: grid;
/*grid-template-rows: 50% 50%;*/
/*grid-template-columns: 25% 25% 25% auto; !*某一列自適應*!*/
/*也可以用fr作爲單位*/
grid-template-rows: 1fr 1fr;
grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr); /*也可以使用repeat簡寫*/
}
#box div{
background: red;
border: 1px solid black;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="box">
<div>1</div>
<div>2</div>
<div>3</div>
<div>4</div>
<div>5</div>
<div>6</div>
<div>7</div>
<div>8</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
效果如下所示:
3. grid-template-area: 給網格劃分區域,此時grid子項只要使用grid-area屬性指定其隸屬於那個區
4. grid-template: 是rid-template-row,grid-template-column,grid-template-area屬性的縮寫:
例如要對上面的九宮格區域進行劃分,使得某幾個子項成爲一個區域:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<style>
#box{
width: 300px;
height: 300px;
border: 1px solid black;
display: grid;
grid-template-rows: repeat(3, 1fr);
grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); /*也可以使用repeat簡寫*/
grid-template-areas: /*分區*/
"A1 A1 A1"
"A2 A2 A3"
"A2 A2 A3";
}
#box div{
background: red;
border: 1px solid black;
}
#box div:nth-child(1){
grid-area: A1;
}
#box div:nth-child(2){
grid-area: A2;
}
#box div:nth-child(3){
grid-area: A3;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="box">
<div>1</div>
<div>2</div>
<div>3</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
劃分效果如下所示:
5. grid-column-gap:
6. grid-row-gap:
7. grid-gap:
grid-column-gap, grid-row-gap用來定義網格中網格間隙的尺寸,grid-gap:是他們的縮寫:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<style>
#box{
width: 300px;
height: 300px;
border: 1px solid black;
display: grid;
grid-template-rows: repeat(3, 1fr);
grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); /*也可以使用repeat簡寫*/
grid-template-areas: /*分區*/
"A1 A1 A1"
"A2 A2 A3"
"A2 A2 A3";
grid-column-gap: 10px;
grid-row-gap: 5px;
}
#box div{
background: red;
border: 1px solid black;
}
#box div:nth-child(1){
grid-area: A1;
}
#box div:nth-child(2){
grid-area: A2;
}
#box div:nth-child(3){
grid-area: A3;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="box">
<div>1</div>
<div>2</div>
<div>3</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
效果如下所示:
8. justify-items: 指定網格元素的水平呈現方式,是水平拉昇顯示還是左中右對齊顯示: (stretch, start,end center)
9. align-items: 指定網格元素的垂直呈現方式,是垂直拉昇顯示還是上中下對齊顯示:
10. place-items:可以讓justify-items,align-items屬性寫在單個聲明中,上述兩個的簡寫(縱橫方向)
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<style>
#box{
width: 300px;
height: 300px;
border: 1px solid black;
display: grid;
grid-template-rows: repeat(3, 1fr);
grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); /*也可以使用repeat簡寫*/
justify-items: center;
align-items: center;
}
#box div{
background: red;
border: 1px solid black;
width: 50%;
height: 50%;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="box">
<div>1</div>
<div>2</div>
<div>3</div>
<div>4</div>
<div>5</div>
<div>6</div>
<div>7</div>
<div>8</div>
<div>9</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
效果如下所示:
11. justify-content: 指定網格元素的水平分佈方式
12. align-content: 指定網格元素的垂直分佈方式
13. place-content: 上述兩個元素的簡寫
這個是隻有在容器偏大的時候纔會有作用:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<style>
#box{
width: 500px;
height: 500px;
border: 1px solid black;
display: grid;
grid-template-rows: repeat(3, 100px);
grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 100px); /*也可以使用repeat簡寫*/
justify-content: space-around;
align-content: space-evenly;
}
#box div{
background: red;
border: 1px solid black;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="box">
<div>1</div>
<div>2</div>
<div>3</div>
<div>4</div>
<div>5</div>
<div>6</div>
<div>7</div>
<div>8</div>
<div>9</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
效果如下所示:
items與content中的區別是:
items是針對300x300的九宮格,每個大小是100x100, 在每個100x100的格子裏,控制裏面元素的呈現位置:
content針對的500x500的九宮格,每個大小是100x100, 控制9個100x100的格子在500x500的大容器中的表現方式:
b. 作用在Grid子項上的語法:
1. grid-column-start: 水平方向上所佔據的起始位置
2. grid-column-end: 水平方向上所佔據的結束位置
3. grid-row-start: 垂直方向上所佔據的起始位置
4. grid-row-end: 垂直方向上所佔據的結束位置
5. grid-column:grid-column-start,grid-column-end的複合寫法
6. grid-row: grid-row-start, grid-row-end的複合寫法
7. grid-area:表示當前網格所佔用的區域, 名字和位置兩種表示方法,相當於上述的複合寫法: (值用/隔開)
表示子項所佔的區域的大小,行列的起始位置,例如,行的第一條線依次向下編號,列的第一條線從左到右依次編號
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<style>
#box{
width: 300px;
height: 300px;
display: grid;
grid-template-rows: repeat(3, 100px);
grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 100px); /*也可以使用repeat簡寫*/
border: 1px black solid;
}
#box div{
grid-column-start: 2;
grid-column-end: 3;
grid-row-start: 2;
grid-row-end: 4;
background: red;
border: 1px solid black;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="box">
<div>1</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
效果如下所示:
8. justify-self:單個網格元素水平對齊方式
9. align-self:單個網格元素垂直對齊方式
10. place-self:justify-self, align-self的縮寫
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<style>
#box{
width: 300px;
height: 300px;
display: grid;
grid-template-rows: repeat(3, 100px);
grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 100px); /*也可以使用repeat簡寫*/
border: 1px black solid;
}
#box div{
background: red;
border: 1px solid black;
}
#box div:nth-child(5){
justify-self: left;
align-self: flex-end;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="box">
<div>1</div>
<div>2</div>
<div>3</div>
<div>4</div>
<div>5</div>
<div>6</div>
<div>7</div>
<div>8</div>
<div>9</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
效果如下所示:
Grid佈局案例:
利用grid佈局實現骰子效果:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<style>
.container{
width: 800px;
display: grid;
grid-template-rows: repeat(1, 1fr);
grid-template-columns: repeat(6, 1fr);
border: 1px solid gray;
justify-items: center;
}
#box1{
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
border: 1px black solid;
border-radius: 5px;
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: repeat(1, 1fr);
grid-template-rows: repeat(1, 1fr);
justify-items: center;
align-items: center;
}
#box1 div{
width: 40%;
height: 40%;
border-radius: 50%;
background: black;
}
#box2{
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
border: 1px black solid;
border-radius: 5px;
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
grid-template-rows: repeat(2, 1fr);
justify-items: center;
align-items: center;
}
#box2 div{
width: 60%;
height: 60%;
background: black;
border-radius: 50%;
}
#box2 div:last-child{
width: 60%;
height: 60%;
background: black;
border-radius: 50%;
grid-column: 2 / 3;
grid-row: 2 / 3;
}
#box3{
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
border: 1px black solid;
border-radius: 5px;
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
grid-template-rows: repeat(3, 1fr);
justify-items: center;
align-items: center;
}
#box3 div{
width: 80%;
height: 80%;
background: black;
border-radius: 50%;
}
#box3 div:nth-child(2)
{
grid-column: 2 / 3;
grid-row: 2 / 3;
}
#box3 div:nth-child(3)
{
grid-column: 3 / 4;
grid-row: 3 / 4;
}
#box4{
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
border: 1px black solid;
border-radius: 5px;
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
grid-template-rows: repeat(2, 1fr);
justify-items: center;
align-items: center;
}
#box4 div{
width: 55%;
height: 55%;
background: black;
border-radius: 50%;
}
#box5{
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
border: 1px black solid;
border-radius: 5px;
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
grid-template-rows: repeat(3, 1fr);
justify-items: center;
align-items: center;
}
#box5 div{
width: 75%;
height: 75%;
background: black;
border-radius: 50%;
}
/*注: 在方格中,如果中間的點被移到其它地方去,空出來的位置後面的點會自動填補上來*/
#box5 div:nth-child(5)
{
/*background: red;*/
grid-column: 3 / 4;
grid-row: 3 / 4;
}
#box5 div:nth-child(4)
{
grid-column: 1 / 2;
grid-row: 3 / 4;
}
#box5 div:nth-child(3)
{
grid-column: 2 / 3;
grid-row: 2 / 3;
}
#box5 div:nth-child(2)
{
grid-column: 3 / 4;
grid-row: 1 / 2;
}
#box6{
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
border: 1px black solid;
border-radius: 5px;
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
grid-template-rows: repeat(2, 1fr);
justify-items: center;
align-items: center;
}
#box6 div{
width: 75%;
height: 55%;
background: black;
border-radius: 50%;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<div id="box1">
<div></div>
</div>
<div id="box2">
<div></div>
<div></div>
</div>
<div id="box3">
<div></div>
<div></div>
<div></div>
</div>
<div id="box4">
<div></div>
<div></div>
<div></div>
<div></div>
</div>
<div id="box5">
<div></div>
<div></div>
<div></div>
<div></div>
<div></div>
</div>
<div id="box6">
<div></div>
<div></div>
<div></div>
<div></div>
<div></div>
<div></div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
效果如下所示: