Rabbit MQ是一個通用的消息中間件，支持AMQP，STOMP，MQTT等多種協議
安裝#
在mac OSX下可以使用如下命令來安裝 rabbitmq
brew install rabbitmq
基本命令#
ls -al ~/rabbitmq/3.7.14/sbin/
total 1104
drwxr-xr-x 10 jet admin 320 May 19 14:35 .
drwxr-xr-x 37 jet wheel 1184 May 19 14:37 ..
-r-xr-xr-x 1 jet admin 468026 Mar 29 05:47 cuttlefish
-r-xr-xr-x 1 jet admin 2153 May 19 14:35 rabbitmq-defaults
-r-xr-xr-x 1 jet admin 1245 Mar 29 05:47 rabbitmq-diagnostics
-r-xr-xr-x 1 jet admin 16069 May 19 14:35 rabbitmq-env
-r-xr-xr-x 1 jet admin 1241 Mar 29 05:47 rabbitmq-plugins # manage rabbitmq plugins
-r-xr-xr-x 1 jet admin 16467 Mar 29 05:47 rabbitmq-server
-r-xr-xr-x 1 jet admin 40446 Mar 29 05:47 rabbitmqadmin
-r-xr-xr-x 1 jet admin 1236 Mar 29 05:47 rabbitmqctl # rabbitmq controller command line
- 啓動rabbitmq
rabbitmq-server -detached #detached參數可以讓rabbitmq以守護進程的方式在後臺運行
啓動之後可以通過15271端口進行查看
- 停止rabbitmq
rabbitmqctl shutdown
- 查看rabbitmq狀態
rabbitmqctl status
Status of node rabbit@localhost ...
[{pid,25472},
{running_applications,
[{rabbitmq_stomp,"RabbitMQ STOMP plugin","3.7.14"},
{rabbitmq_amqp1_0,"AMQP 1.0 support for RabbitMQ","3.7.14"},
{rabbitmq_management,"RabbitMQ Management Console","3.7.14"},
{rabbitmq_management_agent,"RabbitMQ Management Agent","3.7.14"},
{rabbitmq_mqtt,"RabbitMQ MQTT Adapter","3.7.14"},
{rabbitmq_web_dispatch,"RabbitMQ Web Dispatcher","3.7.14"},
{rabbit,"RabbitMQ","3.7.14"},
{amqp_client,"RabbitMQ AMQP Client","3.7.14"},
......
{listeners,
[{clustering,25672,"::"},
{amqp,5672,"127.0.0.1"},
{mqtt,1883,"::"},
{http,15672,"::"},
{stomp,61613,"::"}]},
}]
- 配置文件 rabbitmq 的配置文件位於$RABBITMQ_HOME/etc/rabbitmq/rabbitmq.conf
Rabbitmq Plugins#
Rabbitmq 提供了很多插件，在使用插件之前可以使用enable命令啓用。已經安裝的插件可以通過如下命令查看
rabbitmq-plugins list
Listing plugins with pattern ".*" ...
WARNING - plugins currently enabled but missing: rabbitmq_management_visualiser
Configured: E = explicitly enabled; e = implicitly enabled
| Status: * = running on rabbit@localhost
|/
[E*] rabbitmq_amqp1_0 3.7.14
[ ] rabbitmq_auth_backend_cache 3.7.14
[ ] rabbitmq_auth_backend_http 3.7.14
[ ] rabbitmq_auth_backend_ldap 3.7.14
[ ] rabbitmq_auth_mechanism_ssl 3.7.14
[ ] rabbitmq_consistent_hash_exchange 3.7.14
......
[ ] rabbitmq_tracing 3.7.14
[ ] rabbitmq_trust_store 3.7.14
[e*] rabbitmq_web_dispatch 3.7.14
[ ] rabbitmq_web_mqtt 3.7.14
[ ] rabbitmq_web_mqtt_examples 3.7.14
[ ] rabbitmq_web_stomp 3.7.14
[ ] rabbitmq_web_stomp_examples 3.7.14
啓用ui管理工具
rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_management
禁用
rabbitmq-plugins disable rabbitmq_management
啓停插件無需重啓rabbitmq即可自動生效
Rabbitmq 消息#
Rabbitmq 包括producer, exchange, consumer三部分。
- producer: 生產者，負責生產消息
- consumer: 消費者，負責消費監聽到的消息
- exchange: 負責路由消息，消息交換 其中exchange包括以下四種類型:
- direct exchange: 消息會根據路由key, 路由到指定的隊列
- fanout exchange: 廣播, 消息會發送到綁定此exchange的所有消息隊列
- topic exchange: 類似於direct exchange，不過消息可以通過模式匹配，一個消息可能匹配到一個以上的消息隊列
- header exchange: 根據消息頭進行匹配過濾