一、名詞解釋(來源百度百科):
Spring Boot是由Pivotal團隊提供的全新框架,其設計目的是用來簡化新Spring應用的初始搭建以及開發過程。該框架使用了特定的方式來進行配置,從而使開發人員不再需要定義樣板化的配置。
Dubbo(讀音[ˈdʌbəʊ])是阿里巴巴公司開源的一個高性能優秀的服務框架,使得應用可通過高性能的 RPC 實現服務的輸出和輸入功能,可以和Spring框架無縫集成。
ZooKeeper是一個分佈式的,開放源碼的分佈式應用程序協調服務,是Google的Chubby一個開源的實現,是Hadoop和Hbase的重要組件。它是一個爲分佈式應用提供一致性服務的軟件,提供的功能包括:配置維護、域名服務、分佈式同步、組服務等。
Maven項目對象模型(POM),可以通過一小段描述信息來管理項目的構建,報告和文檔的項目管理工具軟件。
IDEA 全稱 IntelliJ IDEA,是java編程語言開發的集成環境。IntelliJ在業界被公認爲最好的java開發工具,尤其在智能代碼助手、代碼自動提示、重構、JavaEE支持、各類版本工具(git、svn等)、JUnit、CVS整合、代碼分析、 創新的GUI設計等方面的功能可以說是超常的。IDEA是JetBrains公司的產品,這家公司總部位於捷克共和國的首都布拉格,開發人員以嚴謹著稱的東歐程序員爲主。它的旗艦版本還支持HTML,CSS,PHP,MySQL,Python等。免費版只支持Java等少數語言。
二、項目搭建步驟:
1、安裝本地Zookeeper註冊中心,下載地址:https://www.apache.org/dyn/closer.cgi/zookeeper/ ,採用鏡像下載速度快,如下圖:
下載完成後解壓,然後打開配置拷貝一份zoo_sample.cfg,修改名稱爲zoo.cfg,如下圖:
打開zoo_.cfg,修改數據保存路徑,如下圖修改爲本地可用路徑,沒有就創建對應的文件夾目錄:
終端下進入bin命令,然後執行命令: ./zkServer.sh start ,如下圖:
至此,Zookeeper啓動成功。
2、打開IDEA開發工具,創建一個基於maven的SpringBoot的父項目,然後基於父項目創建三個子模塊module,最終項目結構如下圖:
1)打開父項目pom.xml文件,添加剛纔創建的三個子模塊,如下圖完整代碼:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.3.0.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>com.qunhongtech</groupId>
<artifactId>springboot-dubbo-demo</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>springboot-dubbo-demo</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<packaging>pom</packaging>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<modules>
<module>dubbo-api</module>
<module>dubbo-customer</module>
<module>dubbo-provider</module>
</modules>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
<artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
注意:<packaging>pom</packaging> 需要手動添加。
2)dubbo-api模塊中新增服務接口類HelloService,代碼如下:
package com.qunhongtech.api.service;
public interface HelloService {
String sayHello(String name);
}
dubbo-api中pom.xml代碼如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.3.0.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>com.qunhongtech</groupId>
<artifactId>dubbo-api</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>dubbo-api</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
<artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
結構目錄如下圖:
3)dubbo-provider模塊中新增實現接口類HelloServiceImpl,代碼如下:
package com.qunhongtech.provider.service.impl;
import com.alibaba.dubbo.config.annotation.Service;
import com.qunhongtech.api.service.HelloService;
@Service //發佈服務
public class HelloServiceImpl implements HelloService {
@Override
public String sayHello(String name) {
return "Hello, " + name;
}
}
dubbo-provider中DubboProviderApplication啓動類添加dubbo註解,代碼如下:
package com.qunhongtech.provider;
import com.alibaba.dubbo.config.spring.context.annotation.EnableDubbo;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
@EnableDubbo
@SpringBootApplication
public class DubboProviderApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(DubboProviderApplication.class, args);
}
}
dubbo-provider中pom.xml代碼如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.3.0.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>com.qunhongtech</groupId>
<artifactId>dubbo-provider</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>dubbo-provider</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<zookeeper.version>3.4.13</zookeeper.version>
<dubbo.version>0.2.0</dubbo.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.qunhongtech</groupId>
<artifactId>dubbo-api</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>dubbo-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>${dubbo.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.zookeeper</groupId>
<artifactId>zookeeper</artifactId>
<version>${zookeeper.version}</version>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
</exclusion>
<exclusion>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
<artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
dubbo-provider中application.yml配置內容如下:
server:
port: 8091
dubbo:
application:
name: dubbo-provider
protocol:
name: dubbo
port: 20880
registry:
address: zookeeper://127.0.0.1:2181
結構目錄如下圖:
注意:
@Service 是dubbo發佈服務的註解;
@EnableDubbo 是啓動dubbo服務註解;
log4j 和 slf4j-log4j12 需要排除,否則會與zookeeper衝突;
4)dubbo-customer模塊中新增控制類HelloController,便於測試,代碼如下:
package com.qunhongtech.customer;
import com.alibaba.dubbo.config.annotation.Reference;
import com.qunhongtech.api.service.HelloService;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
public class HelloController {
@Reference //引用服務
private HelloService helloService;
@GetMapping("/sayHello")
private String sayHello(@RequestParam String name){
System.out.println("調用sayHello成功了..." + " name:" + name);
return helloService.sayHello(name);
}
}
dubbo-customer中pom.xml代碼如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.3.0.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>com.qunhongtech</groupId>
<artifactId>dubbo-customer</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>dubbo-customer</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<zookeeper.version>3.4.13</zookeeper.version>
<dubbo.version>0.2.0</dubbo.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.qunhongtech</groupId>
<artifactId>dubbo-api</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>dubbo-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>${dubbo.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.zookeeper</groupId>
<artifactId>zookeeper</artifactId>
<version>${zookeeper.version}</version>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
</exclusion>
<exclusion>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
<artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
dubbo-customer中application.yml配置內容如下:
server:
port: 8090
dubbo:
application:
name: dubbo-customer
registry:
address: zookeeper://127.0.0.1:2181
結構目錄如下圖:
注意:
@Reference 是dubbo引用服務的註解;
至此,基於dubbo的分佈式項目框架就搭建完成了。
三、項目消費-服務功能測試:
1)首先運行啓動服務提供者dubbo-provider子模塊,如下圖:
2)然後啓動服務消費者dubbo-customer子模塊,如下圖:
3)測試網址路徑:http://localhost:8090/sayHello?name=羣鴻科技,測試結果如下:
項目源碼:https://github.com/mapboo/springboot-dubbo-demo
結束語:通過一步步的操作,最終成功搭建了基於Dubbo的分佈式項目框架,至於其中涉及的原理和概念,大家可以繼續參考相關資料或視頻,進一步加深理解,本文用最精簡的代碼和配置,演示了一個Dubbo項目從0到1搭建的過程,僅供參考,如有不妥之處,請不吝指正。